1、ANSI N42.34-2006(Revision ofANSI N42.34-2003)American National StandardPerformance Criteria for Hand-HeldInstruments for the Detection and Identification of RadionuclidesI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA22 January 2007Accredited by the American National Standards InstituteSponsored b
2、y theNational Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42i Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. American National Standard Performance Criteria for Hand-Held Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides Sponsor National Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42 Accredited
3、 by the American National Standards Institute Secretariat Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Approved 28 August 2006 American National Standards Institute ANSI N42.34-2006 (Revision of ANSI N42.34-2003) ii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Abstract: The performance requi
4、rements for hand-held radionuclide identifying instruments are described in this standard. The requirements stated are based on instruments used in support of efforts associated with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Keywords: radionuclide identifiers, restrictive mode, routine mode _ The In
5、stitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 22 January 2007. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in t
6、he U.S. Patent +1-978-750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This standard is the responsibility of the Accredited Americ
7、an Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42. The standard was approved on N42 letter ballot of JulyAugust 2006. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html.
8、 Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use
9、 of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be requi
10、red to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. This introduction is not part of ANSI N42.34-2006, American National Standard Performance Criteria for Hand-Held Instruments for the Detection and Identi
11、fication of Radionuclides. Participants At the time it approved this revision, the Accredited Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42, had the following membership: Michael P. Unterweger, Chair Louis Costrell, Deputy Chair William Ash, Administrative Secretary Organization Represented.
12、Name of Representative Bartlett Services .Morgan Cox Canberra .Markku Koskelo Chew, M.H .Jack M. Selby Commerce Dept, U.S. NIST .Michael Unterweger Louis Costrell (Alt.) Consultant Frank X. Masse Department of Homeland Security .Peter Shebell Entergy-ANO .Ron Schwartz Health Physics Society .Sandy P
13、erle IEEE Louis Costrell .Julian Forster (Alt.) .Anthony Spurgin (Alt.) .Michael P. Unterweger (Alt.) International Medcom .Don Sythe Lawrence Berkeley National Lab . Edward J. Lampo Lawrence Livermore National Lab .Gary Johnson NASA, GSFC .Sachidananda R. Babu Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cynthia
14、Jones Nuclear Stds Unlimited Al N. Tschaeche ORNL . Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. .Charles Britton (Alt.) ORTEC .Ronald M. Keyser Pacific NW Labs .Richard Kouzes Swinth Associates .Kenneth L. Swinth U.S. Army .Edward Groeber Members-At-Large .Ernesto Corte .Joseph C. McDonald .Paul L. Phelps .Joseph Stencel
15、.Lee J. Wagner vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. At the time this standard was approved, Subcommittee N42.RPI had the following members: Morgan Cox, Co-Chair Jack M. Selby, Co-Chair Dru Carson Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. Jack Cooley Leo Faust Edward Groeber Jerry Hiatt Mark M. Hoover Ron Keyser
16、Joseph C. McDonald Robert Murphy Cheryl Olson Scott Rogers Michael P. Unterweger Ed Walker Chuan-Fu Wu At the time this standard was approved, the ANSI 42.34 Working Group had the following members: Peter J. Chiaro, Jr., Chair and Project Leader Jeff Chapman Steve Costigan Donald Gregory Tom Hazlett
17、 Sam Hitch Jens Hovgaard Scott Hulse Cynthia Jones Ron Keyser Siraj Khan Richard Oxford Leticia Pibida Alan Proctor Radoslav Radev Peter Shebell Michael P. Unterweger Will Whitehorn vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative referenc
18、es 1 3. Definitions 2 4. General considerations . 6 4.1 Standard test conditions. 6 4.2 Units and uncertainties 6 4.3 Special word usage 7 5. General characteristics 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 Test preparation . 8 5.3 Operating modes 8 5.4 Markings 9 5.5 Communication interface. 9 5.6 User interface. 10 5.
19、7 Warm-up time 10 5.8 Battery power 11 5.9 Effective range of measurement 12 5.10 Spectral identification 12 5.11 Personnel protection alarm 13 5.12 Explosive atmospheres 13 6. Radiological tests 14 6.1 General test information 14 6.2 Response time 14 6.3 Gamma-ray exposure rate indication. 15 6.4 A
20、larms . 15 6.5 Radionuclide identification 15 6.6 Single radionuclide 16 6.7 Simultaneous radionuclide identification 17 6.8 Interfering ionizing radiation (gamma-rays) 17 6.9 Interfering ionizing radiation (beta). 18 6.10 False identification 18 6.11 Interference from surrounding material. 18 6.12
21、Variation of identification based on angle of incidence. 19 6.13 Neutron response . 19 6.14 Over-range characteristics for identification . 19 6.15 Determination of full-energy-peak efficiency . 20 6.16 Determination of full width-half maximum (FWHM). 20 6.17 Over-range characteristics for exposure
22、rate indication. 21 6.18 Neutron indication in the presence of photons. 21 viii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 7. Environmental performance requirements . 22 7.1 Ambient temperature influence . 22 7.2 Temperature shock 22 7.3 Relative humidity (RH) . 23 7.4 Moisture and dust protection .
23、24 7.5 Cold temperature start up. 25 8. Electromagnetic performance requirements . 25 8.1 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 25 8.2 Radio frequency (RF) susceptibility 26 8.3 Radiated emissions 27 8.4 Conducted immunity . 27 8.5 Magnetic fields 28 9. Mechanical performance requirements. 28 9.1 Vibration
24、28 9.2 Mechanical shock 29 9.3 Impact (microphonics). 29 10. Documentation . 30 10.1 Certificate 30 10.2 Operation and maintenance manual. 30 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 31 A.1 General 31 A.2 Detectors. 31 A.3 Detection and identification instruments 32 A.4 Radiological protection instrumen
25、ts . 32 A.5 Electromagnetic compatibility 33 A.6 Units, quantities, calibrations 33 Annex B (informative) Detector tests. 34 Annex C (informative) Sample user interface evaluation technique 35 ix Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. American National Standard Performance Criteria for Hand-Held
26、Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides 1. 1.11.22. Overview Scope This standard specifies general requirements and test procedures, radiation response requirements, and electrical, mechanical, and environmental requirements. Successful completion of the tests described in
27、this standard should not be construed as an ability to identify all radionuclides in all environments. Purpose This standard addresses instruments that can be used for homeland security applications to detect and identify radionuclides, for gamma-ray exposure rate measurement, and for indication of
28、neutron radiation. Normative references This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI N42.2
29、2, American National StandardTraceability of Radioactive Sources to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Associated Instrument Quality Control.1ANSI N42.23, American National Standard Measurement and Associated Instrumentation Quality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories. 1
30、The ANSI N42 publications included in this clause are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. ANSI N42.34-2006 American National Standard Performance C
31、riteria for Hand-Held Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. ANSI N42.42, American National Standard Data Format Standard for Radiation Detectors Used for Homeland Security.2FCC Rules, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part
32、15, Radio Frequency Devices.3IAEA Safety Guide No. RS-G-1.9, Categorization of Radioactive Sources.4IEC 60068-1, Environmental TestingPart 1: General Guidance.5IEC 60068-2-18, Environmental TestingPart 2-18: TestsTest R and Guidance: Water. IEC 60068-2-75, Environmental TestingPart 2-75: TestsTest E
33、h: Hammer Tests. IEC 60529, Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code), IP53. IEC 61000-4-1, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Part 4-1: Testing and Measurement TechniquesOverview of IEC 61000-4 Series. IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4-2: Testing and Measuremen
34、t Techniques Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test. IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4-3: Testing and Measurement Techniques Radiated, Radio-Frequency, Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test. IEC 61000-4-6, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4-6: Testing and Measurement Techn
35、iquesImmunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-Frequency Fields. IEC 61455, Nuclear InstrumentationMCA Histogram Data Interchange Format for Nuclear Spectroscopy. ISO/IEC 4037-3, X and Gamma Reference Radiation for Calibrating Dosemeters and Doserate Meters and for Determining the Respons
36、e as a Function of Photon EnergyPart 3: Calibration of Area and Personal Dosemeters and Measurement of Their Response as a Function of Energy and Angle of Incidence.63. Definitions The following definitions apply to this standard, as well as to ANSI N42.32 B117, ANSI N42.33 B12, and ANSI N42.35 B13,
37、 all of which have been developed at the request of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for instruments to be used by DHS and emergency responders. . 3.1 A-weighted sound level: The frequency weighting of an acoustic spectrum according to a standardized frequency response curve based on t
38、he frequency response of the human ear. 2The ANSI N42.42 schema can be obtained from http:/physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div846/Gp4/ANSIN4242/xml.html. 3CFR publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC 20013-7082, USA (
39、http:/www.access.gpo.gov/). 4IAEA publications are available from the International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, Wagner Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria (http:/www.iaea.org). 5IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Post
40、ale 131, 3 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (www.ansi.org) 6ISO publications ar
41、e available from the ISO Central Secretariat, Case Postale 56, 1 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/ Suisse (http:/www.iso.ch/). ISO publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New
42、York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 7The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. ANSI N42.34-2006 American National Standard Performance Criteria for Hand-Held Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides 3 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights r
43、eserved. 3.2 acceptance test: Evaluation or measurement of performance characteristics to verify that certain stated specifications and contractual requirements are met. 3.3 accepted ambient photon background: The background radiation as measured using a high pressure ionization chamber, an energy c
44、ompensated Geiger-Mueller (GM) tube, an energy compensated proportional counter, a tissue equivalent plastic scintillator, a scintillator with spectral compensation, or any other exposure rate instrument having a nearly constant energy response (30% in the energy range from 60 keV to 1.5 MeV). 3.4 a
45、ccredited testing laboratory: Testing laboratory that has been accredited by an authoritative body with respect to its qualification to perform verification tests on the type of instruments covered by this standard. 3.5 accuracy: The degree of agreement between the observed value and the conventiona
46、lly true value of the quantity being measured. 3.6 adjust: To alter the reading of an instrument by means of a built-in variable (hardware or software) control. 3.7 alarm: An audible, visual, or other signal activated when the instrument reading or response exceeds a preset value or falls outside of a preset range. 3.8 calibrate: To adjust and/or determine the response or reading of a device relative to a series of conven-tionally true values. 3.9 calibration: A set of operations under specified conditions that est
