1、ANSI INCITS 154-1988 (R1999)(formerly ANSI X3.154-1988 (R1999)for Office Machines and Supplies Alphanumeric Machines Keyboard ArrangementANSI X3.154-1988 Revision and redesignation of ANSI X4.23-1982 American National Standard for Office Machines and Supplies - Alphanumeric Machines - Keyboard Arran
2、gement Secretariat Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association Approved January 27, 1988 American National Standards Institute, I nc AmericanNationalStandardApproval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other crit
3、eria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of StandardsReview, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materiallyaffected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simplemajority, but not nec
4、essarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views andobjections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward theirresolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existencedoes not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standardso
5、r not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes,or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will inno circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard.Moreover, no person s
6、hall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation ofan American National Standard in the name of the American National StandardsInstitute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat orsponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: Thi
7、s American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdrawthis standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive currentinformation on all sta
8、ndards by calling or writing the American National StandardsInstitute.Published byAmerican National Standards Institute11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 1988 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyf
9、orm, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaForeword (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard X3.154-1988.) In 1982 .4NSI approved American National Standar
10、d for Office Machines and Supplies - Alphanumeric Machines - Keyboard Arrangement, ANSI X4.23-1982, as a result of a broad-based survey of government agencies, manufacturers, businesses, educational institutions, and other users. Since that time, the standard has become generally accepted as meeting
11、 most of the needs for alphanumeric data input. However, a few concerns have arisen that have caused Technical Committee X3Vl to write this revised standard. One concern was editorial in nature. There were procurement situations in which inter- pretation of the standard was difficult, owing to the m
12、any complex relationships among text in the body of the standard, tabular material; and footnotes. Without removing the flexibility of the original standard, this new standard expresses the requirements explicitly so that the intended flexibility is unambiguous. The second issue addressed was the hu
13、man factors concerns expressed by users of the 48- key layout described in ANSI X4.23-1982. Many users found the location of the left shift key and the return key to be farther from the home position than they were accustomed to, with new graphic characters placed where the shift and return formerly
14、 were. The re- sult was frequent mis-keying of input. The new standard allows a 47-key ASCII keyboard with both the left shift key and the return key in their original positions, nearer the home position. In addition to these major improvements, the standard allows an improved arrangement of some of
15、 the graphic characters. Because of the existing equipment base and manufacturing tooling, this standard does not disallow any of the options allowed in ANSI X4.23-1982. In the course of time, when the improvements of this present standard become widely known and available, it is antici- pated that
16、the older equipment will be replaced with equipment that takes advantage of these improvements. This standard supersedes ANSI X4.23-1982. Technical Committee X3V1 (Text: Office and Publishing Systems) under the direction of the Accredited Standards Committee on Information Processing Systems, X3, wa
17、s re- sponsible for the development of this standard. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, 311 First Street, NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001. This standard was processed and approved fo
18、r submittal to ANSI by Accredited Stan- dards Committee on Information Processing Systems, X3. Committee approval of the standard does not imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the the it approved this standard, the X3 Committee had the following members: Richard Gibson, Chair
19、Donald C. Loughry, Vice-Chair Catherine A. Kachurik, Administrative Secretary Organization Represented American Library Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . American Nuclear Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMP Incorporated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . Association of the Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Name of Representative Paul Peters Geraldine C. Main Sally HartzeU (Alt) Edward Kelly Thomas M. Kurihara Organira$m Represented AT&T . Co
21、ntrol Data Corporation Cooperating Users of Burroughs Equipment. . Data General Corporation Data Processing Management Association . Digital Equipment Computer Users Society Digital Equipment Corporation. EastmanKodak General Electric Company. . GUIDE International. Hewlett-Packard. . Honeywell Bull
22、 IBM Corporation . IEEE Computer Society , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory . MAP/TOP . Moore Business Forms National Bureau of Standards. . National Communications System . NCR Corporation. OMNICOM . Prime Computer, Inc. Name of Representative Paul D. Bartoli Thomas F. Frost (AH) Charles E. Cooper Keit
23、h Lucke (Alt) Thomas Easterday Donald Miller (Alt) Lee Schlller Lyman Chapin (Alt) Ward Arrington Wallace R. McPherson (Alt) Dennis Perry Gary S. Robinson Delbert L. Shoemaker (Alt) Gary Haines Charleton C. Bard (Alt) Richard W. Signor William R. Kruesi (Alt) Frank Kirshenbaum Sandra Swartz Abraham
24、(Alt) Donald C. Loughry David M. Taylor Mary Anne Gray Robert H. Follett (AH) Sava I. Sherr Thomas A. Varetoni (Alt) Helen Wood (Alt) David F. Stevens Robert L. Fink (AH) James D. Converse Mike Kaminski (Alt) Delmer H. Oddy Robert E. Rountree James H. Burrows (AH) Dennis Bodson George W. White (Alt)
25、 WiIliam E. Snyder A. Raymond Daniels (Alt) Harold C. Folts Catherine Howells (Alt) Arthur Norton Donna A. Poulack (AH) -_ _ _ Railinc Corporation . .Moncure N. Lyon Recognition Technology Users Association .Herbert F. Schantz G. W. Wetzel (Alt) James A. Baker Carl Haberland (AH) Thomas B. Steel Rob
26、ert A. Rannie (AH) Paul D. Jahnke Joseph T. Brophy Marvin W. Bass Stanley Fenner (Alt) Fred Virtue Belkis Leong-Hong (AH) William C. Rinehuls Larry L. Jackson (Alt) Chris Tanner Madeleine Sparks (Alt) Jean T. McKenna Patty Greenhalgh (Alt) John L. Wheeler Roy Pierce (Alt) Scientific Computer Systems
27、 Corporation. SHARE,Inc 3MCompany . Travelers Insurance Companies, Inc unisys . U.S. Department of Defense. U.S General Services Administration VIM . VISA U.S.A . Xerox Corporation Technical Committee X3V1 on Text Office and Publishing Systems, which revised this standard, had the following members.
28、 L. M. Collins, Chair Jose M. Bacza Lawrence A. Beck Pauline L. Betsh Charles D. Card R. H Christie Cherie Cone Bob Cymbalski William W. Davis, Jr Frank Dawson Bert Depamphilis Carl Dusenbury Marion Elledge Joseph V. Gangemi Pam Gennusa Jonathan Grudin William B. Huggett Claude Imbt Charles Lightfoo
29、t Clement Luk Sperling Martin James D. Mason Richard Mayer D. W. McCamish Carol Mollen Fran Nielsen Gregg OConnell R. Pierce Lynne A. Price Charles Reeves, Jr Peter G. Rich Ann E. Robinson David M. Rosenberg William Ryder Robert Samuell II1 Steven A Schrier Harry Siddeley Herman R. Silbiger Jon A. S
30、tewart L. A. Tate S. Thompson Raymond L. Wasson Wally Wedel Daniel N. Yanofsky Contents SECTION PAGE 1. Scope and Purpose. . 7 1.1 Scope 7 1.2 Purpose. . . 7 2. Referenced American National Standards . . , . . 7 3. Definitions. . 7 4. Keyboard Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . 8 4.1 Keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2 Location of Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.3 Assignment of Graphic Characters or Functions . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 4 ASCII Keyboards . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . 8 4.5 Word Processing Keyboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.6 OCR-A Keyboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.7 OCR-B Keyboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.8 Other Applications . . . . . . . . . .
33、_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Figure 1 Keyboard Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Appendix Additional Characters Required in Some Applications Al. Introduction. . A2. ASCII Data Processing . A3. Word Processing . A4.OCR-A A5.OCR-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . .ll .11 . 11 . 11 . 11 . 12 American National Standard for Office Machines and Supplies - .Alphanumeric Machines - Keyboard Arrangement 1. Scope and Purpose 1 .l Scope. This standard describes the arrangement of the 48 basic printing keys on the keyboard a
35、nd the uppercase and lowercase characters that appear on the keys. The character assignments are divided into five application areas, in recognition of the different graphic character requirements of each application. The application areas that this standard addresses are: (1) Input of American Stan
36、dard Code for Informa- tion Interchange (ASCII) data characters, as specified in American National Standard for Information Sys- tems - Coded Character Sets - 7-Bit American Nation- al Standard Code for Information Interchange (7-Bit ASCII), ANSI X3.4-1986. (2) Input of word processing data. (3) Inp
37、ut of OCR A data, as specified in American National Standard Character Set for Optical Character Recognition (OCR-A), ANSI X3.17-1 98 1. (4) Input of OCR-B data, as specified in American National Standard Character Set for Optical Character Recognition (OCR-B), ANSI X3.49-1975. (5) Input of data for
38、 other application areas. This standard leaves much latitude for negotiation between equipment manufacturers and users in these diverse areas. Only the alphabet, the numbers, and a few basic symbols are required in the keyboard arrangement. This standard also specifies the placement of two shift key
39、s and a space bar. However, this standard does not specify the physical characteristics and dimensions of the keys and keyboard. It relates to the keyboard arrangement only. This standard replaces the American National Stan- dard for Office Machines and Supplies - Alphanumeric Machines - Keyboard Ar
40、rangement, ANSI X4.23-1982. 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide the greatest benefit to the user in the areas of operating, purchasing, and interchanging machines and training operators, while accommodating the various graphic character requirements of the users applications. 2.
41、Referenced American National Standards This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the following American National Standards. When these referenced American National Standards are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute, Inc, the revision shall app
42、ly. ANSI X3.4-1986, Information Systems - Coded Char- acter Sets - 7-Bit American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (7-Bit ASCII) ANSI X3.17-1981, Character Set for Optical Charac- ter Recognition (OCR-A) ANSI X3.49-1975, Character Set for Optical Character Recognition (OCR-B) 3. De
43、finitions application. The use to which an information pro- cessing system is put. For example, word processing, accounting, OCR data creation, computer program- ming, and book publishing are applications. case. A group of characters similarly positioned with respect to the shift. function key. A ke
44、y on the machine that, when acti- vated, produces a machine action other than a printing impression, such as shift, back space, and the like. graphic character. A character intended to be written, printed, or otherwise displayed in a form that can be read. It should be noted that “space” is consider
45、ed a graphic character in codes for information inter- change. key (key top, keybutton). A finger-contact member, the activation of which results in a machine response. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD X3.154-1988 keyboard. The area of a machine on which the printing and function keys are arrayed. keyboar
46、d arrangement. The position of the keys rela- tive to one another and the arrangement of characters on them lowercase (l/c). A group of characters, usually contain- ing the small alphabet, numerals. and certain symbols, that are accessible with the shift key in its rest position (not depressed). pri
47、nting key. A key on the machine. the activation of which results in a graphic character being presented (e.g., printed or displayed). shift. The facility for changing between uppercase and lowercase. symbol. Any of the punctuation marks and signs used instead of a word or words to represent an opera
48、tion, relationship, spoken sound, and the like. uppercase (u/c). A group of characters. usually contain- ing the capital alphabet and certain symbols that are accessible by depressing a shift key. There are two shift keys specified in this standard, providing identical op- eration. 4. Keyboard Arran
49、gement 4.1 Keyboard. Figure 1 shows the base standard key- board arrangement. A keyboard containing between 44 and 48 printing keys, arranged according to Figure 1, is in conformance with this standard, provided: (I) It is recognized that there are many applications requiring keyboard input. The graphic characters re- quired for these applications vary. No one keyboard arrangement can meet the needs of all applications, within the limitation of two shift levels on 48 keys. Consequently, the keys shown in Figure 1 with no graphic characters printed on them are left available for assign
