1、American National StandardDeveloped byfor Information Technology Homeland Security Mapping Standard Point Symbology forEmergency ManagementANSI INCITS 415-2006ANSIINCITS415-2006ANSIINCITS 415American National Standardfor Information Technology Homeland Security Mapping Standard Point Symbology forEm
2、ergency ManagementSecretariatInformation Technology Industry CouncilApproved July 13, 2006 American National Standards Institute, Inc.Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the
3、 standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requir
4、es that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketin
5、g, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to
6、 issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be
7、revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the Ame
8、ricanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2006 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an
9、 electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of AmericaCAUTION: The developers of this standard have requested that holders of patents that may berequired for the implementation of the standa
10、rd disclose such patents to the publisher. However,neither the developers nor the publisher have undertaken a patent search in order to identifywhich, if any, patents may apply to this standard. As of the date of publication of this standardand following calls for the identification of patents that
11、may be required for the implementation ofthe standard, no such claims have been made. No further patent search is conducted by the de-veloper or publisher in respect to any standard it processes. No representation is made or impliedthat licenses are not required to avoid infringement in the use of t
12、his standard.iContentsPageForeword ii1 Purpose and Scope 12 Conformance 13 Terms and Definitions. 14 Abbreviated Terms . 35 Use and Application 3Figures1 Frame Detail - Damage and Operational Status 42 Single Frame Symbol Detail . 53 Multiframe Symbol Detail 5AnnexesA Damage/Operational Status Frame
13、s 6B Individual Feature Symbols 7B.1 Incident Category . 7B.2 Natural Events Category 13B.3 Operations Category 16B.4 Infrastructure Category. 23C Bibliography 39iiForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI INCITS 415-2006.)This document establishes a map symbol standard
14、for emergency management.This standard provides the foundation for consistent communication through a readilyacceptable set of cartographic symbols relevant to homeland security objectives, in-cluding:- reducing loss of life and property by strengthening nationwide response readiness;- minimizing di
15、sruptions to governmental operations, critical cyber and physical infra-structures, and socioeconomic sectors;- improving communications;- strengthening national recovery plans and capabilities;- promoting E-Government modernization and interoperability initiatives;- strengthening nationwide prepare
16、dness and mitigation against acts of terrorism,natural disasters, or other emergencies; and- providing scalable and robust all-hazard response capability and recovery assis-tance.Federal, state, and local agencies worked together under the auspices of the FederalGeographic Data Committees (FGDC) Hom
17、eland Security Working Group, to devel-op the proposed symbology. Symbols and their definitions have been developed forIncidents, Natural Events, Operations, and Infrastructures to provide immediate andgeneral understanding of the situation. Development of the symbols involved the re-search, compila
18、tion, analysis, consolidation, adaptation, and creation of symbols.While these symbols do not include all emergency management features, they pro-vide an initial framework for emergency management and first responder mappingand communication. Detailed attribution for any feature can be included by t
19、he user.Both a category structure and a damage-operational status hierarchy were devel-oped using color and frame shapes with line patterns. The symbology was designedfor use in digital and paper map formats.This standard contains three annexes. Annexes A and B are normative and are con-sidered part
20、 of the standard. Annex C is informative and is not considered part of thestandard.Requests for interpretation, suggestions for improvement or addenda, or defect re-ports are welcome. They should be sent to InterNational Committee for InformationTechnology Standards (INCITS), ITI, 1250 Eye Street, N
21、W, Suite 200, Washington,DC 20005.This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by INCITS. Com-mittee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee mem-bers voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, INCITS had thefollowing members:Karen
22、 Higginbottom, ChairJennifer Garner, SecretaryOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeAIM Global Dan MullenCharles Biss (Alt.)Apple Computer, Inc. David MichaelElectronic Industries Alliance . Edward Mikoski, Jr.Henry Cuschieri (Alt.)iiiOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeEMC Corpo
23、ration Gary RobinsonFarance, Inc. .Frank FaranceGS1 US .Frank SharkeyJames Chronowski (Alt.)Mary Wilson (Alt.)Hewlett-Packard Company .Karen HigginbottomSteve Mills (Alt.)Scott Jameson (Alt.)IBM Corporation Ronald F. SillettiIEEE Judith GormanTerry DeCourcelle (Alt.)Jodi Haasz (Alt.)Bob Labelle (Alt
24、.)Robert Pritchard (Alt.)Intel .Philip WennblomDave Thewlis (Alt.)Jesse Walker (Alt.)Grace Wei (Alt.)Lexmark InternationalDon WrightDwight Lewis (Alt.)Paul Menard (Alt.)Microsoft CorporationIsabelle Valet-HarperDon Stanwyck (Alt.)Mike Ksar (Alt.)Jim Hughes (Alt.)National Institute of Standards inten
25、ded to convey information about the type or categorization of the feature. 3.8 Symbology A collection of symbols and their descriptions with direction for their use and application. 3.9 Theme Broad thematic groupings of features with a like purpose or function SDSFIE ANSI INCITS 353. ANSI INCITS 415
26、-2006 3 4 Abbreviated Terms ANSI American National Standards Institute GIS Geographic Information System INCITS InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards ISO International Organization for Standardization ISO TC211 ISO Technical Committee for Geographic Information/Geomatics NSDI
27、National Spatial Data Infrastructure 5 Use and Application 5.1 Guidance for Use 5.1.1 Point Symbols. Additional details can be stored as attributes and displayed in a way appropriate to the specific map or application in question. For example, “football stadium“ could be carried as an attribute of t
28、he “Open Facility“ feature within Infrastructure/Public Venue. The attribute could then be used as a label, metatag, or within the legend. Currently, the scope of this standard is limited to point symbols. However, the standard is expected to expand at a later date to include lines and polygons. 5.1
29、.2 Frame Shapes. To further distinguish between the four categories, frame shapes are used to visually classify the symbols into groups: diamonds (Incidents and Natural Events), circles (Operations), and rectangles (Infrastructure). 5.1.3 Color vs. Black combined definitions of “criminal” and “activ
30、ity”) B.1.6 Bomb Threat (Criminal Activity Feature) Bomb Threat (Incident: Criminal Activity) - A warning of the possible presence of a bomb or expression of intention to detonate a bomb. B.1.7 Bomb (Criminal Activity Feature) Bomb (Incident: Criminal Activity) - An explosive device fused to detonat
31、e under specific conditions. (Source: International military definition) B.1.8 Explosion (Criminal Activity Feature) Explosion (Incident: Criminal Activity) - A sudden release of mechanical, thermal, chemical, or nuclear energy. ANSI INCITS 415-2006 8 B.1.9 Looting (Criminal Activity Feature) Lootin
32、g (Incident: Criminal Activity) - Burglary committed within an area affected by an emergency. (Source: PeaceO Glossary) B.1.10 Poisoning (Criminal Activity Feature) Poisoning (Incident: Criminal Activity) Deliberate use of a toxic substance to injure or kill. (Source: Adapted from Merriam-Webster On
33、line Dictionary definition) B.1.11 Shooting (Criminal Activity Feature) Shooting (Incident: Criminal Activity) - To hit, wound, damage, or kill with a projectile fired from a weapon. (Source: D) B.1.12 Fire Incident (Theme) Fire Incident (Incident: Theme) - The destructive act of something burning.
34、B.1.13 Hot Spot (Fire Incident Feature) Hot Spot (Incident: Fire Incident) - An area of intensified fire activity and increased heat or a particularly active part of a fire. B.1.14 Non-Residential Fire (Fire Incident Feature) Non-Residential Fire (Incident: Fire Incident) - A fire that originates at
35、 or affects a non-residential or commercial facility. B.1.15 Origin (Fire Incident Feature) Origin (Incident: Fire Incident) - Location where the fire started. (Source: Forest Service Department of Agriculture http:/www.fs.fed.us) B.1.16 Residential Fire (Fire Incident Feature) Residential Fire (Inc
36、ident: Fire Incident) - A fire affecting a home or housing complex. B.1.17 School Fire (Fire Incident Feature) School Fire (Incident: Fire Incident) - A fire that originates at or affects an educational facility B.1.18 Smoke (Fire Incident Feature) Smoke (Incident: Fire Incident) - Visible airborne
37、particles resulting from incomplete combustion. B.1.19 Special Needs Fire (Fire Incident Feature) Special Needs Fire (Incident: Fire Incident) - A fire that affects special needs facilities, such as nursing homes or assisted living centers. B.1.20 Wild Fire (Fire Incident Feature) Wild Fire (Inciden
38、t: Fire Incident) - An uncontrolled fire in an undeveloped area. (Source: ) ANSI INCITS 415-2006 9 B.1.21 Hazardous Material Incident (Theme) Hazardous Material Incident (Incident: Theme) - (Note: Definitions B.1.21 through B.1.36 are from the following source: Office of Hazardous Materials Safety,
39、Hazmat Regulations and Interpretations) - A release of toxic materials. B.1.22 Chemical Agents (Hazardous Incident Feature) Chemical Agents (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - A toxic chemical substance intended for use as a weapon. B.1.23 Corrosive Material (Hazardous Incident Feature) Corrosive Mater
40、ial (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time. B.1.24 Hazardous When Wet (Hazardous Incident Feature) Hazardous When Wet (Incident:
41、 Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of a material that, when contacting water, is liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 L per kilogram of the material, per hour. B.1.25 Explosive (Hazardous Incident F
42、eature) Explosive (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of any substance or article, including a device, which is designed to function by explosion (i.e., an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) or which, by chemical reaction by itself, is able to functi
43、on in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion. B.1.26 Flammable Gas (Hazardous Incident Feature) Flammable Gas (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of any material which is a gas at 20C (68F) or less and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) of press
44、ure (a material which has a boiling point of 20C (68F) or less at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) which Is ignitable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by volume with air; or has a flammable range at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) with air of at least 12 percent regardless of the lower li
45、mit. B.1.27 Flammable Liquid (Hazardous Incident Feature) Flammable Liquid (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60.5C (141F). ANSI INCITS 415-2006 10 B.1.28 Flammable Solid (Hazardous Incident Feature) Flamm
46、able Solid (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of desensitized explosives that when dry are Explosives of Class 1 which are wetted with sufficient water, alcohol, or plasticizer to suppress explosive properties. B.1.29 Non-Flammable Gas (Hazardous Incident
47、 Feature) Non-Flammable Gas (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of any material (or mixture) which exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) or greater at 20C (68F) and is not classified as a flammable gas. B.1.30 Organic Peroxide
48、s (Hazardous Incident Feature) Organic Peroxides (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Any organic compound having two oxygen atoms joined together. Can be severe fire and explosive hazard. (Source: www.ccos.ca) B.1.31 Oxidizers (Hazardous Incident Feature) Oxidizers (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Unco
49、ntrolled or potentially dangerous presence of a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials. B.1.32 Radioactive Material (Hazardous Incident Feature) Radioactive Material (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potentially dangerous presence of any material having a specific activity greater than 70 Bq per gram. B.1.33 Spontaneously Combustible (Hazardous Incident Feature) Spontaneously Combustible (Incident: Hazardous Incident) - Uncontrolled or potent
