1、INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 (ISO 19141:2008, IDT) Geographic information Schema for moving features INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008(ISO 19141:2008, (IDT)Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
2、se from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ii ITIC 2008 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and i
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5、d, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 9/17/2008 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York,
6、New York 10036 Copyright 2008 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and
7、 Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, W
8、ashington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved iiiContent
9、s Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Conformance .1 2.1 Conformance classes .1 2.2 Requirements.2 3 Normative references2 4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms.3 4.1 Terms and definitions .3 4.2 Abbreviated terms.5 5 Package Moving Features .6 5.1 Semantics.6 5.2 Package structure .7 5
10、.3 Class hierarchy7 6 Package Geometry Types9 6.1 Package semantics .9 6.2 Type MF_OneParamGeometry9 6.3 Type MF_TemporalGeometry11 6.4 Type MF_Trajectory12 6.5 Type MF_TemporalTrajectory .14 6.6 Class MF_PositionExpression 20 6.7 Type MF_SecondaryOffset 20 6.8 Type MF_MeasureFunction .21 7 Package
11、Prism Geometry 22 7.1 Package structure .22 7.2 CodeList MF_GlobalAxisName .23 7.3 Type MF_LocalGeometry.25 7.4 Type MF_PrismGeometry 27 7.5 Type MF_RigidTemporalGeometry.28 7.6 Type MF_RotationMatrix29 7.7 Type MF_TemporalOrientation .30 8 Moving features in application schemas 30 8.1 Introduction3
12、0 8.2 Representing the spatial characteristics of moving features.31 8.3 Associations of moving features.31 8.4 Operations of moving features 31 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 32 A.1 Application schemas for data transfer32 A.2 Application schemas for data with operations 32 Annex B (informa
13、tive) UML Notation 34 B.1 Introduction34 B.2 Class .34 B.3 Stereotype 34 B.4 Attribute35 B.5 Operation35 B.6 Constraint.36 B.7 Note.36 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
14、S-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 iv ITIC 2008 - All rights reservedB.8 Association 36 B.9 Role name 36 B.10 Multiplicity . 37 B.11 Navigability 37 B.12 Aggregation. 37 B.13 Composition 38 B.14 Dependency. 38 B.15 Generalization . 38 B.16 Realization. 39 Annex C (informative) Interpolating between ori
15、entations 40 C.1 Introduction. 40 C.2 Euler rotations and gimbal lock 40 C.3 Interpolating between two orientation matrices 42 C.4 Interpolating between other orientation representations. 44 C.5 Sample interpolation 45 Bibliography. 49 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS
16、under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member b
17、odies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental a
18、nd non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives
19、, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies ca
20、sting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19141 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomat
21、ics. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 vi ITIC 2008 - All rights reservedIntroduction This International Standard specifies a conceptual
22、schema that addresses moving features, i.e., features whose locations change over time. This schema includes classes, attributes, associations and operations that provide a common conceptual framework that can be implemented to support various application areas that deal with moving features, includ
23、ing: Location Based Services, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Tracking and navigation (land-based, marine, or space), and Modeling and simulation. The schema specifies mechanisms to describe motion consisting of translation and/or rotation of the feature, but not including deformation of the fea
24、ture. The schema is based on the concept of a one parameter set of geometries that may be viewed as a set of leaves or a set of trajectories, where a leaf represents the geometry of the moving feature at a particular value of the parameter (e.g., a point in time) and a trajectory is a curve that rep
25、resents the path of a point in the geometry of the moving feature as it moves with respect to the parameter. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN NATIONAL ST
26、ANDARD INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved 1Geographic information Schema for moving features 1 Scope This International Standard defines a method to describe the geometry of a feature that moves as a rigid body. Such movement has the following characteristics. a) The feature m
27、oves within any domain composed of spatial objects as specified in ISO 19107. b) The feature may move along a planned route, but it may deviate from the planned route. c) Motion may be influenced by physical forces, such as orbital, gravitational, or inertial forces. d) Motion of a feature may influ
28、ence or be influenced by other features, for example: 1) The moving feature might follow a predefined route (e.g. road), perhaps part of a network, and might change routes at known points (e.g. bus stops, waypoints). 2) Two or more moving features may be “pulled” together or pushed apart (e.g. an ai
29、rplane will be refuelled during flight, a predator detects and tracks a prey, refugee groups join forces). 3) Two or more moving features may be constrained to maintain a given spatial relationship for some period (e.g. tractor and trailer, convoy). This International Standard does not address other
30、 types of change to the feature. Examples of changes that are not adressed include the following: The deformation of features. The succession of either features or their associations. The change of non-spatial attributes of features. The features geometric representation cannot be embedded in a geom
31、etric complex that contains the geometric representations of other features, since this would require the other features representations to be updated as the feature moves. Because this International Standard is concerned with the geometric description of feature movement, it does not specify a mech
32、anism for describing feature motion in terms of geographic identifiers. This is done, in part, in ISO 19133. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance classes 2.1.1 Introduction This International Standard specifies four conformance classes (Table 1). They are differentiated on the basis of two criteria: purpos
33、e and level of complexity. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 2 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved2.1.2 Purpose This International Standard m
34、ay be used in support of data transfer. Operations defined for objects are irrelevant to data transfer, which requires only descriptions of the state of the objects at the time of transfer. Thus, two conformance classes require only the implementation of attributes and associations of the classes sp
35、ecified in the schema. The other two conformance classes support the object-oriented implementation of systems or interfaces; they require implementation of operations as well as implementation of attributes and associations. 2.1.3 Complexity Many applications do not need a complete description of t
36、he geometry of a feature and its orientation at any point in time. Their requirements are satisfied by describing the movement of a single reference point on the feature using its trajectory as specified in Clause 6. One pair of conformance classes supports these simple applications. Other applicati
37、ons need knowledge of the positions at each time of all points or a significant subset of the points on a moving feature. They require the full description provided by the prism geometry specified in Clause 7. Table 1 Conformance classes Purpose Complexity Data Transfer Data with operations Trajecto
38、ry A.1.1 A.2.1 Prism Geometry A.1.2 A.2.2 2.2 Requirements To conform to this International Standard, an application schema shall satisfy the requirements of the Abstract Test Suite in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this do
39、cument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107, Geographic information Spatial schema ISO 19108, Geograph
40、ic information Temporal schema ISO 19109, Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 19133, Geographic information Location-based services Tracking and navigation Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or net
41、working permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved 34 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms 4.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1.1 base representation moving features repr
42、esentation, using a local origin and local ordinate vectors, of a geometric object at a given reference time NOTE 1 A rigid geometric object may undergo translation or rotation, but remains congruent with its base representation. NOTE 2 The local origin and ordinate vectors establish an engineering
43、coordinate reference system (ISO 19111), also called a local frame or a local Euclidean coordinate system. 4.1.2 curve 1-dimensional geometric primitive, representing the continuous image of a line ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.23 NOTE The boundary of a curve is the set of points at either end of the
44、 curve. If the curve is a cycle, the two ends are identical, and the curve (if topologically closed) is considered to not have a boundary. The first point is called the start point, and the last is the end point. Connectivity of the curve is guaranteed by the “continuous image of a line“ clause. A t
45、opological theorem states that a continuous image of a connected set is connected. 4.1.3 design coordinate reference system engineering coordinate reference system in which the base representation of a moving object is specified 4.1.4 feature abstraction of real world phenomena ISO 19101:2002, defin
46、ition 4.11 NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance shall be used when only one is meant. 4.1.5 feature association relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type ISO 19110:2004, definition 4.2 N
47、OTE Feature associations include aggregation of features. 4.1.6 feature attribute characteristic of a feature ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.12 4.1.7 feature operation operation that every instance of a feature type may perform ISO 19110:2004, definition 4.5 Copyright American National Standards Insti
48、tute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 4 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved4.1.8 foliation one parameter set of geometries such that each point in the prism of the set is in one and only one trajectory and in one and only one leaf 4.1.9 geometric object spatial object representing a geometric set ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.47 4.1.10 geometric primitive geometric object representing a single, conne
