1、Reference numberISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E)ISO/IEC 2000INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC11581-3First edition2000-04-01Information technology User systeminterfaces and symbols Icon symbolsand functions Part 3:Pointer iconsTechnologies de linformation Interfaces pour systme utilisateur etsymboles Symboles et f
2、onctions dicnes Partie 3: Icnes de pointeursAdopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/25/01Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 b
3、y Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry C
4、ouncil(ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the Un
5、ited States of AmericaISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E)PDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall notbe edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer perform
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8、at at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2000All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the addre
9、ss below or ISOs member bodyin the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 Gb7 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 734 10 79E-mail copyrightiso.chWeb www.iso.chPrinted in Switzerlandii ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reservedISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights
10、 reserved iiiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IECparticipate in the development of International Standards thro
11、ugh technical committees established by therespective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committeescollaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO and IEC, also ta
12、ke part in the work.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical co
13、mmittee are circulated to national bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 11581 may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO
14、 and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO/IEC 11581-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informationtechnology, Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces.ISO/IEC 11581 consists of the following parts, under the gen
15、eral title Information technology User systeminterfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions: Part 1: Icons General Part 2: Object icons Part 3: Pointer icons Part 4: Control icons Part 5: Tool icons Part 6: Action iconsISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E)iv ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reservedIntroductionPointers
16、 are those icons that are used to indicate a focus within a system or application. Subsequent actions at thefocus may position, select or manipulate other screen objects. Users typically manipulate pointer icons bycontrolling a mouse or other input device, but keyboard input may also be used to cont
17、rol the pointer icon. Systemsalso use pointer icons to reflect a change in status. This part of ISO/IEC 11581 specifies the presentation andoperation of pointer icons for indicating, selecting, or manipulating objects on a screen.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights
18、 reserved 1Information technology User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions Part 3:Pointer icons1 ScopeISO/IEC 11581 applies to icons that are shown on a screen, that users can manipulate and interact with, and thatrepresent data or computer system functions. This part of ISO/IEC
19、 11581 addresses only pointer icons. Pointersare icons that are logically attached to a physical input device, and that the user manipulates to interact with otherscreen elements, see ISO/IEC 11581-1. This part describes user interaction with and appearance of pointer iconson the screen. It also spe
20、cifies how pointer icons on a screen change appearance to give users feedback. Othertypes of icons are covered in other parts of the standard that are listed in the Foreword.2 ConformanceA system, application, or set of one or more icons conforms to this part of ISO/IEC 11581 if all pointer iconsava
21、ilable to the user in the system or application conform to 6.1 and clause 7 of this part of ISO/IEC 11581, and toclause 5 and subclause 6.1 of ISO/IEC 11581-1:2000.3 Normative referenceThe following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions o
22、fthis part of ISO/IEC 11581. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of thesepublications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 11581 are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative do
23、cument indicated below. Forundated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IECmaintain registers of currently valid International Standards.ISO/IEC 11581-1:2000, Information technology User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols andfunctio
24、ns Part 1: Icons General.4 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 11581, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 11581-1 andISO/IEC 11581-2, and the following apply.4.1cursorspecial indicator used for text manipulation to mark the active positionNOTE 1 ISO/IEC 10741-1, Info
25、rmation technology User system interfaces Dialogue interaction Part 1: Cursorcontrol for text editing, deals with cursor control.NOTE 2 A cursor is not a pointer icon, and both a cursor and a pointer icon can be available and visible at the same time.ISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E)2 ISO/IEC 2000 All rights
26、reserved4.2gainratio of absolute motion of the pointer icon on the screen to absolute motion of the input device as applied by theuser4.3hot spotportion of a pointer icon, typically a single pixel, that identifies for both the system and the user where on the screenthe next action may occur, and tha
27、t allows interaction with other system objects4.4pointing deviceinput device that enables user control of the pointer iconNOTE It may be an indirect pointing device such as a mouse or a track ball, or a direct pointing device such as a stylus ora touch screen.5 Pointer icon functionsPointer icon fun
28、ctions include indicating, selecting, and manipulating. Mechanisms to differentiate among thesefunctions include clicking on a mouse button, and pressing a keyboard key. Cancellation of the selection may beimplemented by similar actions.5.1 Indicating functionThe indicating function provides the use
29、r with the capability of indicating a location on the screen. The purpose ofthe indicating function is to identify for the user and the system where the next user interaction, such as selectingan icon or choosing an option from a menu, could occur.5.2 Selecting functionThe selecting function provide
30、s the user with the capability of explicitly identifying an object(s) that is intended as atarget(s) for subsequent action. Selecting functions include selecting a single object, selecting multiple objects, andselecting an area.NOTE When a mouse is used the selecting function is typically activated
31、by clicking once on a mouse button.5.3 Manipulating functionThe manipulating function provides the user with the capability to further control the objects selected, includingediting areas of text and graphics.NOTE When a mouse is used as the input device, the manipulating function is typically activ
32、ated by holding down a mousebutton while moving the pointer icon across the screen.6 Pointer requirements and recommendations6.1 RequirementsThe pointer shall be logically attached to one or more physical pointing devices available to the user for interactionwith other screen elements. Pointer icons
33、 can have many shapes. The shape of the pointer icon shall indicate tothe user the function available in the current state of the system. All pointers shall have at least one of the followingfunctions: indicating, selecting, and manipulating.ISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved 3
34、6.1.1 DisplayThe pointer icon, whether stationary or moving, shall always be clearly visible on the screen against the currentbackground. No other screen element shall overlay the pointer.Changes in colour, highlighting, shading, or outlining may be used to enhance pointer icon appearance when theba
35、ckground changes or to indicate a change in state or mode. However, a change in colour alone shall not be usedto indicate a change in state or mode.NOTE Changes in the state of a pointer icon without change in shape may be indicated by easily distinguishable changesin contrast, such as filling or ou
36、tlining.Only one pointer icon shall be available for use at any given time.NOTE This does not preclude a system where several pointer icons are displayed for cooperative working.6.1.2 FocusThe pointer icon shall indicate to the system the users focus, that is, where the next user action would occur
37、iftaken.NOTE There are two contemporary means of indicating the users focus to the system. Firstly by the user moving thepointer icon followed by an explicit user action, such as clicking a mouse button, and secondly by the user moving the pointericon without any further user action is sufficient to
38、 move the systems focus.6.1.3 Hot spotPointer icons shall have a hot spot. The hot spot is typically a single pixel that provides:Gbe a visible indication to the user of the point of focus, that is, the point at which the next user-selected action(interaction) will occur,Gbe a reference point so tha
39、t the system can track where the pointer icon is located on the display screen, andGbe interaction of the user and the system by superimposing the hot spot of the pointer icon onto the sensitive areaof a screen element.The location of the hot spot shall be distinguishable by the user through its log
40、ical placement within the shape ofthe pointer icon, but it does not need to be specifically identified. For example, for a cross-hair pointer icon the hotspot is at the intersection of the lines, while for the default pointer icon graphic, the hotspot is at the tip of the arrow(see Figure 1).Figure
41、1 Indication of hot spotsISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E)4 ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved6.1.4 Pointer icon movementPointer icon movement shall reflect user control accomplished through use of a pointing device. The gain maychange in response to a magnification of the screen image. The capability to change
42、 the default gain shall beprovided for the user.6.1.5 FeedbackThe system shall provide feedback to reflect a change in system state or to indicate a different function available tothe user.When the system or application is busy and therefore temporarily unavailable, the pointer icon shall change toi
43、ndicate that state.When the user selects an object, the pointer icon and/or object shall change to confirm the selection.NOTE For example, the default pointer icon may change to a pencil or a paintbrush.When the user invokes an action on an object, the pointer icon and/or the object shall change to
44、confirm the action.The pointer icon shape shall change consistently and should be implemented for the user in a predictable manner.6.2 Recommendations6.2.1 ColourThe pointer icon should be filled black (or filled white on a black background).6.2.2 FeedbackWhen the user moves the pointer icon over di
45、fferent areas of the screen, the pointer icon should change to reflectnew functions as they become available.NOTE For example, the default pointer icon may change to a border control pointer icon (see 8.2) when the hotspot issuperimposed on a window border.7 Default pointer icon specificationThe def
46、ault pointer icon shall be available at the first time start-up of the graphical user interface and at otherappropriate times.Functions:The following functions shall be available with the default pointer icon:Gbe indicating,Gbe selecting,Gbe opening, andGbe manipulating.Specific instance:An outlined
47、, single headed arrow.ISO/IEC 11581-3:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved 5Graphic:Specific variations:left, right, up or down orientated, andoutline, with an opaque fill colour, or solid. The outline should be continuous and contrast with its fill colour.8 Recommendations for other pointer ico
48、n graphicsThe system may use many variations in pointer icon graphic to provide feedback. The new state may be user-controllable or may indicate that the pointer icon is not currently available for user invoked functions. If the systemor application uses any graphic in this section it should be used
49、 for the function specified.If a system or application uses a pointer icon that serves a function specified in this clause it is highlyrecommended that it should have the appearance of the pointer icon graphic specified in this clause.8.1 Text pointer iconFunction:To indicate that the pointer icon is within an area where text can be typed, selected, or manipulated.Specific instance:An “I” barGraphic:Specific variation:Gbe The vertical shaft should change angle to support italic text.8.2 Border control pointer i
