1、Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 12/24/2003Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2003 by Information Technology Industry Council
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3、his publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaINTERNATIONALSTANDA
4、RDISO/IEC13250Second edition2003-05-15Reference numberISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003Information technology SGML applications Topic mapsTechnologies de linformation Applications SGML Plans relatifs des sujetsCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINo
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10、witzerlandCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and defi
11、nitions 14 Notation 65 Topic maps architecture 76 Conformance 24Annex A (normative) Topic maps meta-DTD 25Annex B (informative) Example of an architectural support declaration for the topic mapsarchitecture . 38Annex C (normative) XML DTD for web-oriented topic maps 39Copyright American National Sta
12、ndards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E)iv ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechni
13、calCommission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members ofISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees establishedby the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activit
14、y. ISO and IEC technicalcommittees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
15、 Part 2.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies forvoting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at
16、 least 75 % of the national bodiescasting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO/IEC 13250 was prepared by Joint Technical
17、Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,Subcommittee SC 34, Document description and processing languages.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 13250:2000), which has been technicallyrevised.Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under l
18、icense with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved vIntroductionThis International Standard provides a standardized notation for interchangeably representing informationabout the structure of infor
19、mation resources used to define topics, and the relationships between topics. A setof one or more interrelated documents that employs the notation defined by this International Standard is calleda topic map. In general, the structural information conveyed by topic maps includes: groupings of address
20、able information objects around topics (“occurrences”), and relationships between topics (“associations”).A topic map defines a multidimensional topic space a space in which the locations are topics, and in whichthe distances between topics are measurable in terms of the number of intervening topics
21、 which must be visitedin order to get from one topic to another, and the kinds of relationships that define the path from one topic toanother, if any, through the intervening topics, if any.NOTE 1 Two topics may be connected through an association, and they can also be connected by virtue of sharing
22、 anoccurrence.In addition, information objects can have properties, as well as values for those properties, assigned to themexternally. These properties are called facet types.NOTE 2 The word facet can mean one side of a many-sided, polished object, or one segment of a compound eye (e.g. aninsects).
23、 Its metaphorical use here captures the idea that a facet is a property of a set of information objects that can beused to create a view of them.Several topic maps can provide topical structure information about the same information resources. The topicmaps architecture is designed to facilitate mer
24、ging topic maps without requiring the merged topic maps to becopied or modified. Because of their extrinsic character, topic maps can be thought of as overlays on, orextensions to, sets of information objects.The base notation of topic maps is SGML; an interchangeable topic map always consists of at
25、 least one SGMLdocument, and it may include and/or refer to other kinds information resources. A set of information resourcesthat comprise a complete interchangeable topic map can be specified using the “bounded object set (BOS)”facility defined by the HyTime architecture in ISO/IEC 10744:1997.As th
26、e Extensible Markup Language (XML), a World Wide Web Consortium recommendation, is a subset ofSGML, as explained in Annex K of SGML (1997), also known as WebSGML, XML can be also used as a basenotation for Topic Maps.The topic map notation is defined as an SGML Architecture, and this International S
27、tandard takes the form of anarchitecture definition document expressed in conformance with Normative Annex A.3 of ISO/IEC 10744:1997,the SGML Architectural Form Definition Requirements (AFDR). The formal definition of the topic map notationis expressed as a meta-DTD.Copyright American National Stand
28、ards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-.viCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
29、m IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved 1Information technology SGML applications Topic maps1ScopeNOTE 1 This clause defines the scope of this International Standard. It should not be confused with the concept of “scope”defined in 3.16, which only appl
30、ies in the context of topic maps.Topic maps enable multiple, concurrent views of sets of information objects. The structural nature of these viewsis unconstrained; they may reflect an object oriented approach, or they may be relational, hierarchical, ordered,unordered, or any combination of the fore
31、going. Moreover, an unlimited number of topic maps may be overlaidon a given set of information resources.Topic maps can be used: to qualify the content and/or data contained in information objects as topics to enable navigational toolssuch as indexes, cross-references, citation systems, or glossari
32、es; to link topics together in such a way as to enable navigation between them. This capability can be used forvirtual document assembly, and for creating thesaurus-like interfaces to corpora, knowledge bases, etc.; to filter an information set to create views adapted to specific users or purposes.
33、For example, such filteringcan aid in the management of multilingual documents, management of access modes depending onsecurity criteria, delivery of partial views depending on user profiles and/or knowledge domains, etc.; to structure unstructured information objects, or to facilitate the creation
34、of topic-oriented user interfacesthat provide the effect of merging unstructured information bases with structured ones. The overlaymechanism of topic maps can be considered as a kind of external markup mechanism, in the sense that anarbitrary structure is imposed on the information without altering
35、 its original form.This International Standard does not require or disallow the use of any scheme for addressing informationobjects. Except for the requirement that topic map documents themselves be expressed using SGML (orWebSGML) and HyTime, using the syntax described herein, neither does it requi
36、re or disallow the use of anynotation used to express information.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documen
37、t(including any amendments) applies.ISO 8879:1986, Information processing Text and office systems Standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML)ISO/IEC 10744:1997, Information technology Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the term
38、s and definitions given in ISO 8879:1986, ISO/IEC 10744:1997 andthe following apply.Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E)2 ISO/IEC 2003 All rights
39、 reserved3.1 added themestopics added to the sets of themes comprising the scopes within which topics have their topic characteristics;added themes can be specified in two ways:a) within the topic map document whose scopes are affected, by means of the added themes (addthems)attribute of the documen
40、t element. The specified themes are added to the scopes of all of the topiccharacteristics which are assigned to topics via the topic links and association links contained in thedocument;b) inside or outside the topic map document whose scopes are affected, by means of elements conforming tothe them
41、es to be added (addthms) architectural form. The specified themes are added to the topiccharacteristics assigned to topics via: entire topic map documents (specified via the tmdocs attribute), topic links (that is, the name characteristics and occurrence characteristics assigned to topics via topicl
42、inks) (specified via the cassign attribute), association links (that is, the roles played in associations by topics, as assigned to topics via associationlinks) (specified via the cassign attribute), or any combination of the foregoing3.2 associationSEE topic association (3.22)3.3 association linkhy
43、perlink element conforming to the association link architectural form defined by this International StandardNOTE See 5.4.3.4 association roleone of the roles that topics play in a given topic association3.5 association typesubject which is a class of topic associationsone of the classes of topic ass
44、ociations of which a particular association link is an instance; the associationtypes of which a given association link is an instance can be specified by its optional types attribute3.6 base namesubelement (basename) of a topname subelement of a topic linkname characteristic of a topic that is spec
45、ified in the content of a basename element3.7 bounded object setBOSset of one or more documents and other information objects, all of which are known to the processingapplication and which are processed collectively, see ISO/IEC 10744:1997 for details; see also the definition of“hub document”3.8 dis
46、play namesubelement (dispname) of a topname subelement of a topic link, containing the identifying information intendedto be displayed by the application to represent the subject of the topic linkname characteristic of a topic that is specified in the content of a dispname elementCopyright American
47、National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved 33.9 facetsubset of information objects that share an externally-applied propertyvalues given
48、to a particular property externally applied to a set of information objects3.10 facet linkhyperlink that applies values for a given property (as well as the property itself) to one or more informationobjects3.11 facet typeproperty applied by one or more facet links to one or more objects3.12 facet v
49、aluemember of the set of all values of a particular facet type3.13 hub documentHyTime document used to define the set of information resources (the bounded object set (BOS) that comprisea HyTime hyperdocument; applications may regard the HyTime document used as the entry point for abrowsing session within a hyperdocument as the hub document; see ISO/IEC 10
