1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC TR 19122:2004 (ISO/TR 19122:2004, IDT) Geographic information / Geomatics - Qualification and certification of personnel (Technical Report) INCITS/ISO/IEC TR 19122:2004 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file
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8、2004-11-15Geographic information/Geomatics Qualification and certification of personnel Information gographique Qualification et accrditation du personnelISO/TR 19122:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be pri
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13、mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Abbreviated terms. 3 4 Review of existing qualifications and certifica
14、tion systems 3 4.1 Introduction . 3 4.2 Questionnaire results . 4 4.3 General comments 5 5 National case studies . 5 5.1 Introduction . 5 5.2 Australia. 5 5.3 Austria 5 5.4 Canada . 5 5.5 China 5 5.6 Finland 6 5.7 Germany. 6 5.8 Japan 6 5.9 Korea 6 5.10 Portugal 6 5.11 Saudi Arabia 6 5.12 South Afri
15、ca. 6 5.13 United Kingdom 6 5.14 United States . 7 5.15 International case studies 7 6 Discussion . 7 6.1 Introduction . 7 6.2 Definitions 8 6.3 National professional organizations. 8 6.4 Current qualifications and certification initiatives 8 6.5 Future directions. 9 7 Recommendations 10 Annex A (in
16、formative) National case studies Australia . 11 Annex B (informative) National case studies Austria 20 Annex C (informative) National case studies Canada 26 Annex D (informative) National case studies Finland 33 Annex E (informative) National case studies Germany . 34 Annex F (informative) National
17、case studies Japan. 44 Annex G (informative) National case studies Korea 47 Annex H (informative) National case studies Portugal 48 Annex I (informative) National case studies Saudi Arabia 51 Annex J (informative) National case studies South Africa 60 Annex K (informative) National case studies Unit
18、ed Kingdom. 66 ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedAnnex L (informative) National case studies USA78 Annex M (informative) International Case Study .86 Bibliography98 ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization)
19、is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be repres
20、ented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are
21、drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
22、 Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a s
23、imple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
24、ents of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 19122 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics in collaboration with the following ISO/TC 211 Class A liaison org
25、anizations: International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) International Cartographic Association (ICA) International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Open GIS Consortium, Incorporated (OGC) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ISO/T
26、R 19122:2004(E) vi ISO 2004 All rights reservedIntroduction In 1998, the Canadian delegation made a proposal that the domain of interest for ISO/TC 211 should extend beyond data standards and encompass issues of certification and qualification of personnel. This proved to be a radical shift. From th
27、e beginning, the work encountered some difficulty. The voting on the original work item reflected ambiguity on the perceived value of the work. The initial reaction centred on whether there was a need for a single system of certification and whether it should be implemented through a central body. A
28、fter several years of discussion, a questionnaire was developed to obtain some of the background on different initiatives across the ISO/TC 211 membership. In August 2001, a small working group met to review the first eight case studies, analyse their content and develop recommendations to ISO/TC 21
29、1 through this Technical Report. Subsequently, five more case studies were added to this Technical Report. To make further progress on the original Project Team 19122 agenda, there existed a continued need to expand the membership to represent better the different domains and approaches to certifica
30、tion and qualification of personnel. Nationally, this means the involvement of experts beyond the data standards arena; internationally, it means representation of the full range of professions and disciplines embraced by the broad geographic information/geomatics domain. Certification in a technica
31、l subject domain raises issues for individual practitioners, education and training institutions, government agencies, professional organizations and the private sector. There remains the need for a mechanism that permits fair comparisons across jurisdictional boundaries; however the measures of ski
32、ll and competency must be flexible and be cognizant of the social and cultural context. The universal nature of geographic information/geomatics and the recent and ongoing publication of ISO/TC 211 data standards dictate a common international requirement for a deeper understanding of different educ
33、ation and training systems, and the available processes for the recognition of professional qualifications across a broad subject domain. In addition, this domain is changing rapidly as the result of the changes in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry and the integration of
34、GI Technologies into an ever-expanding range of applications. This rapid rate of change has significant implications for educational institutions, professional associations as well as standard setting organizations. All of these must take care to build change management into any standards establishe
35、d. The Project Team hopes this report will initiate a broad dialog towards greater understanding of national and disciplinary differences. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Geographic information/Geomatics Qualification and certification of personnel 1 Scope This Te
36、chnical Report describes and defines the following objectives of the field of Geographic Information/Geomatics. To develop a Type 3 report, which describes a system for the qualification and certification, by a central independent body, of personnel in the field of Geographic Information/Geomatics.
37、To define the boundaries between Geographic Information/ Geomatics and other related disciplines and professions. To specify technologies and tasks pertaining to Geographic Information/Geomatics. To establish skill sets and competency levels for technologists, professional staff and management in th
38、e field. To research the relationship between this initiative and other similar certification processes performed by existing professional associations. To develop a plan for the accreditation of candidate institutions and programs, for the certification of individuals in the workforce, and for coll
39、aboration with other professional bodies. While the background research leading to this Technical Report has remained true to the framework provided by these objectives, the focus has shifted to a more comprehensive, descriptive study of the current situation in some member countries and the ongoing
40、 activities of some of those international professional associations which cover the subject domain. This is in contrast to a prescriptive study, where the solution would be dictated by ISO/TC 211. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
41、2.1 qualification knowledge, skills, training and experience required to perform properly GIS/Geomatics tasks, normally achieved through formal education 2.2 certification procedure leading to a written testimony of the qualification of an individuals professional competence provided by a range of p
42、ublic, private and professional institutions ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved2.3 subject domain disciplines included in the following subdivisions: Geographic information (ref: ISO/TC211/WG1 N119) knowledge obtained as the result of the synthesis, analysis or integration of geogra
43、phic data; information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth. Geographic Information Services (ref: ISO/TC211/WG1 40.6) services that transform, manage or present geographic information to users. Geomatics (ref: ISO/TC211/WG1 N119) discipline
44、concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information Geographic Information Science (ref: Mark. 2000) Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and
45、 their use in the context of geographic information systems. GIScience also examines the impacts of GIS on individuals and society, and the influences of society on GIS. GIScience re-examines some of the most fundamental themes in traditional spatially oriented fields such as geography, cartography,
46、 and geodesy, while incorporating more recent developments in cognitive and information science. NOTE 1 When defining the subject domains, it is important to recognize the suite of tools which most professionals accept as directly applicable to geographic information/geomatics. These tools include G
47、IS, Remote Sensing, Global Navigation Satellite Systems and others, all of which are information and communication technologies (ICT). NOTE 2 Each country has its own terms and their definitions for the subject domains encompassed under ISO/TC 211. The wide variance in definition and their acceptanc
48、e, especially within the academic community, is indicative of the challenge for standardization in the human resources (personnel) arena. Later in this report the range of definitions used is outlined. However for clarity, we provide here the definitions that have been previously specified by ISO/TC
49、 211. The fourth term is added since that domain has not been previously defined within the ISO/TC 211 context. 2.4 Education systems academic and technical instruction and training at the post-secondary level NOTE 1 The education system within a country is influenced by historical and cultural factors that impact the relationship between government and society. In Europe, education systems can t
