1、 INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 Geographic information - Data quality measures (identical national adoption of ISO/TS 19138:2006) INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall n
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4、member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 9/29/2010 Published
5、 by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2010 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotec
6、hnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests per
7、taining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2010 All rights reserved INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 ITIC 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 1 Scope2 .1 Conformance3 1 Norm
8、ative references4 .1 Terms and definitions5 2 Relationships to other standards6 3 Register7 3 Components of a data quality measure7.1 .3 List of components7.2 4 Component details7.3 .6 Standardized data quality measuresAnnex A (normative) Abstract test suite.7 A.1 7 Test case identifier: Component t
9、estA.2 7 Test case identifier: Name testA.3 7 Test case identifier: Data quality element and subelement testA.4 8 Test case identifier: Data quality basic measure testA.5 8 Test case identifier: Definition testA.6 8 Test case identifier: Description testA.7 .8 Test case identifier: Parameter testA.8
10、 .8 Test case identifier: Data quality value type testA.9 .9 Test case identifier: Source reference testA.10 .9 Test case identifier: Example testAnnex B (normative) Structure of data quality measures.10 B.1 .10 Components defining a data quality measureB.2 11 Mapping of the components to ISO 19115
11、and ISO 19135B.3 .11 UML-diagram for data quality measureAnnex C (normative) Data quality basic measures14 C.1 .14 Purpose of data quality basic measuresC.2 14 Counting-related data quality basic measuresC.3 15 Uncertainty-related data quality basic measuresAnnex D (normative) List of data quality m
12、easures 19 D.1 19 CompletenessD.2 23 Logical consistencyD.3 .37 Positional accuracyD.4 58 Temporal accuracyD.5 61 Thematic accuracyBibliography68 INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 iv ITIC 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of na
13、tional standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Intern
14、ational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
15、rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by
16、at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) re presents an agree
17、ment between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accept
18、ed for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/T
19、S is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held re
20、sponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 19138 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 ITIC 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction Knowledge of the quality of geographic data is often crucial for the applicatio
21、n of the data, as different users and different applications often have different data quality requirements. A user of geographic data may have multiple datasets from which to choose. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the quality of the datasets to determine which best fulfils the requirements o
22、f the user. To facilitate such comparisons, it is essential that the results of the quality reports are expressed in a comparable way and that there is a common understanding of the data quality measures that have been used. These data quality measures provide descriptors of the quality of geographi
23、c data through comparison with the universe of discourse. The use of incompatible measures makes data quality comparisons impossible to perform. Data quality needs to be reported by the producer and evaluated by the user against his or her requirements for different criteria and data quality measure
24、s. It is essential that reported quality for a dataset contains the quality measurements that may be of interest to a potential user of the dataset, and that the metrics used to determine the quality are reported and available to the user. ISO 19113 establishes the principles for the description of
25、geographic data quality and specifies components for reporting quality information. Procedures for the evaluation of geographic data quality are described in ISO 19114. The objective of this Technical Specification is to guide the producer in choosing the right data quality measures for data quality
26、 reporting, and the user in the evaluation of the usefulness of a dataset by standardizing the components and structures of data quality measures and by defining commonly used data quality measures. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 ITIC 2010 All rights reserved 1Geographic informatio
27、n Data quality measures 1 Scope This Technical Specification defines a set of data quality measures. These can be used when reporting data quality for the data quality subelements identified in ISO 19113. Multiple measures are defined for each data quality subelement, and the choice of which to use
28、will depend on the type of data and its intended purpose. The data quality measures are structured so that they can be maintained in a register established in conformance with ISO 19135. This Technical Specification does not attempt to describe every possible data quality measure, only a set of comm
29、only used ones. 2 Conformance Any set of data quality measures claiming conformance with this Technical Specification shall pass all of the conditions specified in the abstract test suite (Annex A). 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of th
30、is document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19113:2002, Geographic information Quality principles
31、ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information Metadata ISO 19135:2005, Geographic information Procedures for item registration 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 correctness correspondence with the universe of discourse 4.2 data quality
32、 basic measure generic data quality measure used as a basis for the creation of specific data quality measures NOTE Data quality basic measures are abstract data types. They cannot be used directly when reporting data quality. INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 2 ITIC 2010 All rights reserved4.3 data quality
33、scope extent or characteristic(s) of the data for which quality information is reported ISO 19113 NOTE A data quality scope for a dataset can comprise a dataset series to which the dataset belongs, the dataset itself, or a smaller grouping of data located physically within the dataset sharing common
34、 characteristics. Common characteristics can be an identified feature type, feature attribute, or feature relationship; data collection criteria; original source; or a specified geographic or temporal extent. 4.4 error discrepancy with the universe of discourse 4.5 measurand particular quantity subj
35、ect to measurement International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM) 4.6 universe of discourse view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest ISO 19101 5 Relationships to other standards ISO 19113 describes relevant data quality elements and their co
36、rresponding data quality subelements and it indicates how quality should be reported. ISO 19114 describes procedures for the evaluation of quantitative quality. ISO 19115 contains elements and classes for data quality reporting within the UML models and data dictionaries. ISO 19113 specifies a set o
37、f descriptors for a data quality subelement, for use in recording data quality. One of these descriptors is the data quality measure. A data quality measure is described by the components listed in 7.1. Table 1 provides a list of data quality elements and data quality subelements as defined in ISO 1
38、9113. INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 ITIC 2010 All rights reserved 3Table 1 Data quality elements and data quality subelements with definitions (ISO 19113) Data quality element Data quality subelement Definition completeness commission excess data present in a dataset omission data absent from a dataset l
39、ogical consistency conceptual consistency adherence to rules of the conceptual schema domain consistency adherence of values to the value domains format consistency degree to which data is stored in accordance with the physical structure of the dataset topological consistency correctness of the expl
40、icitly encoded topological characteristics of a dataset positional accuracy absolute or external accuracy closeness of reported coordinate values to values accepted as or being true relative or internal accuracy closeness of the relative positions of features in a dataset to their respective relativ
41、e positions accepted as or being true gridded data position accuracy closeness of gridded data position values to values accepted as or being true temporal accuracy accuracy of a time measurement correctness of the temporal references of an item (reporting of error in time measurement) temporal cons
42、istency correctness of ordered events or sequences, if reported temporal validity validity of data with respect to time thematic accuracy classification correctness comparison of the classes assigned to features or their attributes to a universe of discourse (e.g. ground truth or reference dataset)
43、non-quantitative attribute correctness correctness of non-quantitative attribute quantitative attribute accuracy accuracy of quantitative attributes 6 Register A register of data quality measures shall contain a set of data quality measures, described using the components listed in 7.1. The registra
44、tion procedures shall be performed according to ISO 19135. Annex D of this Technical Specification contains the list of standardized data quality measures. A register shall contain these data quality measures and may also contain additional data quality measures submitted through the procedures defi
45、ned within ISO 19135. The registration process also allows retiring data quality measures. 7 Components of a data quality measure 7.1 List of components Each data quality measure shall be described using the following technical components: name (7.2.1) alias (7.2.2) INCITS/ISO TS 19138-2010 4 ITIC 2
46、010 All rights reserved data quality element (7.2.3) data quality subelement (7.2.4) data quality basic measure (7.2.5) definition (7.2.6) description (7.2.7) parameter (7.2.8) data quality value type (7.2.9) data quality value structure (7.2.10) source reference (7.2.11) example (7.2.12) identifier
47、 (7.2.13) 7.2 Component details 7.2.1 Name Name refers to the name of the data quality measure. If the data quality measure already has a commonly used name, this name should be used. If no name exists, a name shall be chosen that reflects the nature of the measure. NOTE The component name is specif
48、ied in the base standard for registers, ISO 19135. 7.2.2 Alias Alias refers to other recognized name for the same data quality measure. It may be a different commonly used name, or an abbreviation or a short name. More than one alias may be provided. 7.2.3 Data quality element Data quality element r
49、efers to the name of the data quality element to which this data quality measure applies. NOTE A list of data quality elements is provided in Table 1. 7.2.4 Data quality subelement Data quality subelement refers to the name of the data quality subelement to which this data quality measure applies. NOTE A list of data quality subelements is provided in Table 1. 7.2.5 Data quality basic measure Each data quality ba
