1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011)Safety ColorsANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) Reaffirmation of ANSI Z535.1-2006 American National Standard Safety Colors Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved
2、 February 16, 2006 Published January 31, 2007 Reaffirmed July 19, 2011 American National Standards Institute, Inc. DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was de
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17、of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyright 2011 by National Electrical Manufacturers As
18、sociation All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reprod
19、uced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) ii This page intentionally left blank.ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) iii Contents Page Foreword v 1 Introduction 1 2 Sc
20、ope . 1 3 Purpose 1 3.1 Intent . 1 3.2 Engineering or administrative controls 1 3.3 Existing American National Standards 2 4 Application 2 4.1 Colors specified . 2 4.2 Specifications for safety colors . 2 4.3 Illumination 2 4.4 Optimum visibility 2 5 Color specifications and test methods for ordinar
21、y surface colors 2 5.1 Color specifications . 2 5.1.1 Primary color specifications . 2 5.1.2 Color tolerance charts 2 5.1.3 Safety white 2 5.1.4 Maximum recognition . 3 5.2 Visual test method. 3 5.2.1 Visual reference standards 3 5.2.2 Visual test conditions . 3 5.3 Instrumental test method 3 5.3.1
22、Instrumental color specification for each color . 3 5.3.2 Use of spectrophotometers 3 6 Color specifications and test methods for retroreflective materials . 3 6.1 General . 3 6.2 Visual 4 6.3 Instrumental 4 7 Color specifications and instrumental test methods for fluorescent materials . 4 7.1 Gener
23、al . 4 7.2 Compliance tests . 4 7.3 Fundamental specifications of fluorescent safety colors 4 8 References . 4 ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) iv Figures 1 CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing the Areas Representing the ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors 13 2 Enlarged View of the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Show
24、ing the Areas Representing the ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors for White, Grey, and Black . 14 3 CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing the Areas Representing Fluorescent Safety Color Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65 and Measured Using 45/0 Geometry . 15 Tables 1 Specifications of the Safety C
25、olors for CIE Illuminant C (Representative of Overcast North Sky Daylight) and the CIE 1931, 2 Standard Observer . 7 2 Equations of the Boundary Lines for the Specified Chromaticity Regions of Fluorescent Safety Colors Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65, Measured Using 15/0 Geometry, and
26、Expressed in the CIE 1931 System 11 3 Chromaticity Coordinates of the Corners of the Recommended Regions of Fluorescent Safety Colors Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65, Measured Using 15/0 Geometry, and Expressed in the CIE 1931 System 11 4 Minimum Permissible Values of Luminance Factors
27、 and/or Spectral (Total) Radiance Factors, Within the Indicated Wavelength Range, of Fluorescent Safety Colors Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65 and Measured Using 45/0 Geometry . 12 Annexes A Understanding and Using the Color Specifications Set Forth in the ANSI Z535.1 Standard for Safe
28、ty Colors 16 ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) v Foreword In 1979, the ANSI Z53 Committee on Safety Colors was combined with the ANSI Z35 Committee on Safety Signs to form the ANSI Z535 Committee on Safety Signs and Colors. The Z535 Committee has the following scope: To develop standards for the design, appl
29、ication, and use of signs, colors, and symbols intended to identify and warn against specific hazards and for other accident prevention purposes. While the basic mission and fundamental purpose of the ANSI Z535 Committee is to develop, refine, and promote a single, uniform graphic system used for co
30、mmunicating safety and accident prevention information, the Z535 Committee recognizes that this information can also be effectively communicated using other graphic systems. The Z535 Committee created subcommittees to update the Z53 and Z35 standards and to write new standards. To date, the followin
31、g six standards comprise the ANSI Z535 series: ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors ANSI Z53.1-1979 was updated and combined into this standard in 1991 ANSI Z535.2 Environmental and Facility Safety Signs ANSI Z35.1-1972 and Z35.4-1972 were updated and combined into this standard in 1991 ANSI Z535.3 Criteria fo
32、r Safety Symbols new in 1991 ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels new in 1991 ANSI Z535.5 Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards) ANSI Z35.2-1974 was updated and combined into this standard in 1991 ANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Instructions, and Ot
33、her Collateral Materials new in 2006 Together, these six standards contain the information needed to specify formats, colors, and symbols for safety signs used in environmental and facility applications, product and product literature applications, and temporary safety tag and barricade tape applica
34、tions. Published separately is the ANSI Z535 Safety Color Chart. This chart gives the user a sample of each of the safety colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, grey, white, and black. It also describes each colors ink formulation and closest PANTONE color. This ANSI Z535.1 standard
35、 was prepared by the Z535.1 Subcommittee on Safety Colors. The foreword and all annexes are considered to be informative; the body is considered normative. In the vocabulary of writing standards, the word “informative” is meant to convey that the content presented is for informational purposes only
36、and is not considered to be mandatory in nature. The word “normative“ is meant to convey that the content is considered to be mandatory or prescriptive. The 2011 edition of this standard is the eighth revision of the American War Standard, developed at the request of the War Department and approved
37、by the American Standards Association (ASA) on July 16, 1945. The ASA was reconstituted as the USA Standards Institute (USASI) in August 1966, and as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in October 1969. Peacetime work on revising the American War Standard containing the Safety Color Cod
38、e began in 1946 under committee procedures of the ASA, with the National Safety Council serving as sponsor of the project. The Sectional Committee on the Safety Color Code, Z53, reviewed the War Standard and enlarged its application to include the colors orange, blue, and purple. The committee also
39、approved standard definitions and limits for the colors. The revised standard was approved by the ASA on September 11, 1953. In the 1971 revision, the Z53 committee deleted the color blue and modified the application of the color yellow, due to conflicts with other American National Standards. In th
40、e fourth revision, a significant step forward was made toward increased safety through uniformity in safety color coding. The safety colors formerly used in this standard were combined and adjusted to give the best feasible discrimination for observers with either normal or color-deficient (colorbli
41、nd) vision. For ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) vi the first time, safety color tolerance charts were available for use with this standard (see Section 8, Reference 17). Each color tolerance chart shows the standard color and six color tolerances illustrating acceptable ranges in hue, value (lightness), an
42、d chroma (saturation). Each color tolerance chart also lists the Munsell notation and equivalent CIE specifications (x, y, Y) for each standard color and tolerance sample. The colors brown, blue, and gray were added, and Table 1 was expanded to include the same information on most of the levels of t
43、he Universal Color Language (UCL) for the tolerance samples as for the standard or central sample of each Safety Color. Sections 1 to 6 of the present standard contain material similar to the fourth revision (Z53.1, 1979). The intent of the fifth revision (1991) of the safety color standard was to p
44、rovide a series of visually distinguishable safety colors, each with specific uses. The sixth revision in 1998 incorporated corrections and additions that helped to clarify the use of the standard in conjunction with the other Z535 standards. Annex A was also added at this time to explain how to rel
45、ate the CIE safety color specifications contained in Table 1 with the CIE chromaticity diagrams illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The seventh revision of the ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color Code, in 2002, had two major changes. The first is the deletion of information concerning the application of the sa
46、fety colors. The intention in making this change was to maintain Z535.1 as the standard that defines the safety colors in terms of their color tolerances. The application of the colors (i.e., how they are to be used) properly belongs to the other standards in the ANSI Z535 series as well as to other
47、 standards that include uses for safety colors. The second change was to include the “closest PANTONE color” number for all of the safety colors on the Safety Color Chart that did not have a PANTONE color reference. This was a practical addition that makes it easier for those needing to specify a sa
48、fety color using the PANTONE color matching system. It is important to note that the color-rendering characteristics of several types of modern, high-efficiency light sources differ markedly from those of the average daylight source (CIE Source C) specified in Table 1. It is therefore essential that
49、 candidate safety colors be examined under the actual light sources to be used in order to ensure that they can be suitably differentiated and individually identified with their assigned color names. The limited color gamut and aging characteristics of fluorescent colorants combine to restrict the number and chromaticities of fluorescent safety colors. For this reason, categories of unrestricted red-orange and unrestricted yellow fluorescent colors were added in 1998 to supplement the restricted specifications that are equivalent to CIE international standards. The
