1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 457 - 2017Sustainability LeadershipStandard for Photovoltaic Modules NSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based r
2、isk management solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Sustai
3、nability Leadership Standard for Photovoltaic Modules c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.orgii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on
4、Sustainability Leadership Standard for Photovoltaic Modules Recommended for Adoption by The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by NSF International October 2017 Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries
5、 with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 457 2017.” Copyright 2017 NSF International Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, wit
6、hout permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America.iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findin
7、gs of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of
8、, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental agencies or other national standards-setting organizations pr
9、ovide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examinatio
10、n or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not inc
11、lude all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. At the time of this publication, examples of programs and processes were provide
12、d for general guidance. This information is given for the convenience of users of this Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by NSF International. Equivalent programs and processes may be used. Unless otherwise referenced, the Annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. T
13、he Annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization. 1 The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As
14、such, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. This page is intentionally left blank.v Contents 1 General . 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 2 Refere
15、nces . 2 2.1 Normative references . 2 2.2 Informational references 5 3 Definitions and acronyms . 6 3.1 Definitions 6 3.2 Acronyms . 10 4 Conformance, evaluation and assessment 11 4.1 Criteria 11 4.2 Levels of conformance . 13 5 Management of substances . 13 5.1 List and assessment of substances . 1
16、3 5.2 Reduction of substances of concern 17 6 Preferable materials use . 20 6.1 Recycled content 20 7 Life cycle assessment 21 7.1 PV module life cycle assessment 21 7.2 Reduction in LCA impacts 23 8 Energy efficiency and any other mineral or its derivatives determined by the U.S. Secretary of State
17、 to be financing conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or an adjoining country. 3.1.3 Declaration: Information made publicly available: by the manufacturer on a publicly available registry; or on the manufacturers or certifying organizations website in the form of a certification report,
18、or equivalent, issued by the certifying organization; or on the manufacturers website, if the product is self-declared to conform to the Standard. 37 Public-Private Alliance for Responsible Minerals Trade 38 Solutions for Hope 39 OECD 2, rue Andre Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France 40 World Busines
19、s Council for Sustainable Development MAISON DE LA PAIX Chemin Eugne-Rigot, 2B Case Postale 2075CH-1211, Geneva 1 41 Aqueduct 10 G Street NE Suite 800, Washington, DC 20002 42 World Wildlife Federation Gland, Switzerland 43 U.S Securities and Exchange Commission 100 F Street, NE Washington, DC 20549
20、 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 457 2017 7 3.1.4 Disclosure: Information made available to the audience specified in criterion (e.g. purchasers, public, etc.). 3.1.5 Documentation: Information to be provided at time of verification or certification. 3.1.6 End-of-life (EOL): Life-cycle stage of a product when it
21、is no longer intended for use and are destined, or intended to be destined for, dismantling, material recovery, recycling or disposal. 3.1.7 Energy recovery: An operation where the material is used principally as a fuel or to generate energy. 3.1.8 Environmental management system (EMS)20 Part of the
22、 management system used to manage environmental aspects, fulfil compliance obligations, and address risks and opportunities. NOTE 1 Management system: set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and objectives and processes to achieve those objectives. A mana
23、gement system can address a single discipline or several disciplines (e.g. quality, environment, occupational health and safety, energy, financial management). The system elements include the organizations structure, roles and responsibilities, planning and operation, performance evaluation and impr
24、ovement. The scope of a management system can include the whole of the organization, specific and identified functions of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of organizations. NOTE 2 Environmental aspects: element of an orga
25、nizations activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the environment. 3.1.9 Feedstock: Raw material used in a manufacturing process. 3.1.10 Fiber-based: Cellulose material derived from trees and other plants. 3.1.11 Greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory: Identification and quant
26、ification of emissions and removals of greenhouse gases from manufacturing processes. 3.1.12 Impact assessment categories44: Classifications of human health and environmental effects caused by a product throughout its life cycle. 3.1.13 Initial service providers: Company that performs recycling and/
27、or refurbishment services for product/equipment/components; and that contracts directly with the manufacturer, or indirectly through a manufacturers agent, and is the first party to provide one or more initial take-back services. 3.1.14 Inventory data44: The identification and quantification of ener
28、gy, resource usage, and environmental emissions for a particular product, process, or activity. 3.1.15 Life cycle assessment (LCA): A framework for the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs, and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle, from the e
29、xtraction of resources and the production of raw materials, to product manufacturing, transportation/distribution, use and re-use, maintenance, and recycling and/or disposal. 3.1.16 Manufacturer: The legal entity that is the owner or the licensee of the brand or trademark under which the product in
30、the scope of this Standard is placed on the market, and: manufactures a product; and, or has a product designed or manufactured; and, or acquires a product for sale under their brand or trademark. 3.1.17 Packaging: All materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, del
31、ivery and presentation of products from the manufacturer to the user or the customer. 44 U.S. EPA, Life Cycle Assessment: Editor 2006, U.S. EPA: Cincinnati, OH 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 457 2017 8 NOTE for the purposes of this Standard, unless otherwise noted, the term “packaging” only applies to sales pack
32、aging or primary packaging, i.e. packaging that contains and protects and is designed to deliver a product unit to the final user or customer, and does not include pallets. 3.1.18 Packaging component22: Any individual assembled part of packaging such as, but not limited to, any interior or exterior
33、blocking, bracing, cushioning, weatherproofing, exterior strapping, coatings, closures, inks, and labels. 3.1.19 Photovoltaic module: A photovoltaic module for installation on, or integral with buildings, or to be primarily used as components of free-standing power-generation systems, including but
34、not necessarily limited to: photovoltaic cells that generate electric power using solar energy interconnects (materials that conduct electricity between cells) encapsulant (insulating material enclosing the cells and cell interconnects) superstrate (material forming primary light-facing outer surfac
35、e) and substrate (material forming back outer surface) (e.g., glass, plastic films) wires used to interconnect photovoltaic modules and connect junction boxes to the balance of system equipment frame or integrated mounting mechanism, if present The following are not included: balance of system equip
36、ment, such as cabling and mounting structures, equipment intended to accept the electrical output from the array, such as power conditioning units (inverters) and batteries, unless they are contained in the photovoltaic module a photovoltaic cell that is a part of another device for which it produce
37、s the electricity, such as consumer or industrial electronic products (e.g. calculators, lights, textile) where the photovoltaic cell primarily provides the energy needed to make the electronic product function mobile photovoltaic cell where the inverter is so integrated with the photovoltaic cell t
38、hat the solar cell requires disassembly before recovery 3.1.20 Postconsumer recycled material22: Material generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as end-users which can no longer be used for its intended purpose. This includes returns of materi
39、al from the distribution chain. NOTE This definition applies to materials such as plastic, fiber, metal, etc. 3.1.21 Pre-consumer material22: Material diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing process. Excluded is reutilization of materials such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a
40、 process and capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it. 3.1.22 Prepared for reuse: Equipment and components that have been checked, tested, cleaned, repaired, and determined to be safe and fully functional, to be placed back on the market in their original use or in their
41、upgraded state, without further processing. 3.1.24 Processed chlorine free (PCF): Packaging material produced with pulp from virgin and/or recycled content that has been bleached without any type of chlorine, or that has not been bleached at all. Recycled content may have originally been bleached wi
42、th chlorine or chlorine derivatives. 3.1.25 Product: A marketing model of a photovoltaic module. 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 457 2017 9 NOTE See definition for photovoltaic module. 3.1.26 Publicly available: Obtainable to the public without restriction of access; for example, cannot require member only access
43、. A requirement to provide a name and, or organization to obtain access is not considered a “restriction of access”. 3.1.27 Recovery: Operations that are part of a process to recapture elements, compounds, or materials and transform them into commodities. 3.1.28 Recycled content20: Proportion, by ma
44、ss, of recycled material in a product or packaging. Only pre-consumer and post-consumer materials shall be considered as recycled content. NOTE Recycled materials derived from any source, including but not limited to, pre-consumer and post-consumer photovoltaic products, qualify as recycled content.
45、 3.1.29 Recycling: Operations by which products, components, materials, or waste are processed and converted into raw materials for use in the production of new products or in processes, not including energy recovery or disposal. 3.1.30 Refurbishment: Functional or aesthetic maintenance or repair of
46、 a product to restore to original or upgraded state. 3.1.31 Reporting boundary: The area of operations and impact upon which the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) disclosure is based. The boundary may be “within the organization” or it may include some part of the organizations supply chain. 3.1.32
47、Reuse: Using again, equipment or components for the originally intended purpose, a similar purpose, or in an upgraded state, possibly after refurbishment, repair or hardware upgrading. 3.1.33 Semiconductor material16: Substance, the conductivity of which, due to charge carriers of both signs, is nor
48、mally in the range between that of conductors and insulating media, and in which the density of its charge carriers can be changed by external means. NOTE 1 The term “semiconductor” generally applies where the charge carriers are electrons or holes. NOTE 2 In order to increase the conductivity, the
49、energy supplied must be greater than the band gap energy. See also “band gap energy“, 3.1.6. NOTE 3 Certain semiconductors, such as silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride and copper indium diselenide compounds, to name a number of materials currently available, are well suited to the PV conversion process. 3.1.34 Substance45: Matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of. Physical properties such as density, refractive index, electric
