1、 TIA/EIASTANDARDFOTP-194Measurement of Fiber Pushback inOptical ConnectorsTIA/EIA-455-194JANUARY 2000TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONRepresenting the telecommunications industry inassociation with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-194-1999Approved: December 8, 1999TIA/EIA-45
2、5-194Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICETIA/EIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interestthrough eliminating misunderst
3、andings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitatinginterchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting andobtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of suchStandards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude
4、 any member or nonmember ofTIA/EIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards andPublications, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntaryuse by those other than TIA/EIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestical
5、lyor internationally.Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA/EIA in accordance with the American NationalStandards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA/EIA does not assume any liabilityto any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standa
6、rdor Publication.This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or allapplicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatoryl
7、imitations before its use.(From Standards Proposal No. 3882, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-6.3Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices.)Published byTELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2000Standards and Technology Department2500 Wilson BoulevardArlington, VA 22201PRICE:
8、 Please refer to current Catalog ofEIA ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE STANDARDS and ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada(1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956)All rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided
9、 by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PLEASE!DONT VIOLATETHELAW!This document is copyrighted by the TIA and may not be reproduced withoutpermission.Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copiesth
10、rough entering into a license agreement. For information, contact:Global Engineering Documents15 Inverness Way EastEnglewood, CO 80112-5704 or callU.S.A. and Canada 1-800-854-7179, International (303) 397-7956Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot
11、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-194iFOTP-194Measurement of fiber push
12、back in optical connectorsContentsForeword.iii1 Introduction. 12 Normative references 23 Apparatus 34 Sampling and specimens 55 Procedures 66 Calculations or interpretation of results. 77 Documentation. 78 Specification information. 8Annex A Informative references. 9Annex B - Comparison between this
13、 FOTP and IEC or ITU-T requirements 10Figure 1 - Radiused zirconia blank loading a connector endface . 4Figure 2 - Connector mounting fixture for load application 5Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm
14、itted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-194iiThis page left blank.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-194iiiFOTP-194Measurement of fiber pushback
15、in optical connectorsForeword(This Foreword is informative only and is not part of this Standard.)This document comes from TIA Standards Proposal No. 3882, formulated under thecognizance of FO-6, Committee on Fiber Optics and FO-6.3, Subcommittee on FiberOptic Interconnecting Devices.This Specificat
16、ion forms a part of the series of test procedures included withinRecommended Standard EIA/TIA-455.There are two annexes, which are informative.Key words: optical connector reliability, fiber pushback, adhesive, adhesive reliability,epoxy, connector endface geometry.Copyright Telecommunications Indus
17、try Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-194ivThis page left blank.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or netw
18、orking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-1941FOTP-194Measurement of fiber pushback in optical connectors1 Introduction1.1 IntentThe intent of this test is to determine the ability of an adhesive to adequately lock theoptical fiber into a stable, fixed position in an optical connecto
19、r when the connector ismated under load. The test may be used to measure fiber pushback under simulatedloading conditions, or to compare the performance of different adhesive formulationsand/or connector assembly procedures.1.2 ScopeThis test measures fiber pushback, defined as permanent or semiperm
20、anent fiber motionunder load. It does not include temporary fiber movement relative to the ferrule due totemperature variations, or permanent fiber withdrawal that occurs when no load is present.The test applies to any type of optical connector in which a fiber is affixed into a ferrule bymeans of a
21、n adhesive.This test is limited to cylindrical radiused ferrules with non-angled endfaces.To perform this test procedure, the user must have the capability of measuring the fiberposition relative to the ferrule to within the accuracy required by the Detail Specification.Contacting or non-contacting
22、interferometers are the typical types of measurementequipment used.1.3 BackgroundThis test was developed because excessive, permanent fiber pushback can result in lossof physical contact at the connector endfaces, particularly if connectors are disconnectedand remated in a different configuration. I
23、n certain applications, the resulting increased lossand reflectance due to a gap at the fiber-fiber interface can cause unacceptable systemperformance degradation.Typical causes of fiber pushback may include, but are not limited to, the following:- inappropriate choice of adhesive for the applicatio
24、n/environment,Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-1942-improper connector assembly procedures (dirt or grease contamination, adhesiveshelf life out of da
25、te, pot life exceeded, etc.),-incomplete or improper adhesive cure,-incomplete epoxy fill between the fiber and ferrule.1.4 HazardsThis method may involve the use of adhesives for sample preparation, which may behazardous, and users of this FOTP should consult the Materials Safety Data Sheets for th
26、ematerials they are using and follow appropriate safety procedures. This test method doesnot purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of the method to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of
27、 regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 SummaryThe test method consists of a measurement of the fiber position relative to the ferrule,followed by aging while the connector endface is under load, to simulate the spring-loadingforces in a mated optical connector. The aging occurs under exposure to e
28、nvironmentalconditions and for a length of time, which are specified in the Detail Specification. Afteraging, the load is removed from the connector and the fiber position relative to the ferrule isremeasured. The change in fiber position must be less than that specified in the DetailSpecification.2
29、 Normative referencesTest or inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the followingreferences:EIA/TIA-455-B, Standard test procedures for fiber optic fibers, cables, transducers,sensors, connecting and terminating devices, and other fiber optic components.Copyright Telecommunicat
30、ions Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-19433 Apparatus3.1 Measurement of fiber position relative to ferrule endfaceThe measurement of the fiber position relative to the ferrule end
31、face is to be completedbefore and after the fiber pushback test. The measurements shall be made undercontrolled ambient conditions to ensure that the measured change is due to pushback andnot temperature or humidity effects.3.2 Fiber loading piece partsThe load to the connector piece parts shall be
32、applied by means of solid zirconia blanks ofnominally the same ferrule O.D. as the ceramic ferrule connector (2.499 mm). Ceramicalignment tubes shall be used to align the solid zirconia blanks to the fiber/ferrule of theoptical connector. The alignment tube I.D. shall be large enough so that frictio
33、n of theloading zirconia blank inside the tube is negligible, but small enough so that the zirconiablank is well-centered (to within 5 m) on the test specimen. Typical values would be aferrule O.D. of 2.499 mm. and a tube I.D. of 2.502 mm (+4 m,-0 m).Figure 1 shows the design for a zirconia blank, w
34、hich has a radiused tip. A radius of 30mm shall be used unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification. The apex offsetshould be less than or equal to 5 m. The load should be applied along the vertical axis.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with
35、EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-1944Figure 1. Radiused zirconia blank loading a connector endface.3.3 Loading fixtureThe fixture to apply the load may be of any design, which will enable a known, controlledload to be applied to the zi
36、rconia blank. One such design is shown inFigure 2.RADIUSEDZIRCONIA BLANKCONNECTORFERRULEOPTICAL FIBERADHESIVEALIGNMENT TUBELOADCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TI
37、A/EIA/455-1945Figure 2. Connector mounting fixture for load application.4 Sampling and specimensA test sample shall consist of optical connectors or connector subassemblies. The criticalpart of the connector required for the test is the fiber/ferrule subassembly. The initialendface geometry of the s
38、amples, including the fiber position relative to the ferrule, theferrule radius of curvature, and the apex offset shall be specified in the Detail Specification.If this test is used for product acceptance, the ferrule samples shall be selected randomlyso that the results are representative of the pr
39、oduct population. If the test is used todetermine the effect of a particular ferrule parameter (for example, endface radius), thatparameter shall be measured and controlled at several nominal values within stated limitsBASEPLATEHINGEWEIGHTFIBER PIGTAILCONNECTORMOUNTING PLATEPROTECTIVE CAPLEVER ARMSU
40、PPORT POSTALIGNMENTTUBEZIRCONIABLANKCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-1946(or recorded and analyzed as a co-variate) while all others are allowed to va
41、ry randomlywithin production limits.5 Procedures5.1 PreconditioningUnless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification, precondition the test specimens fora minimum period of 24 hours under the controlled atmospheric condition of EIA/TIA-455-B.5.2 Measurement of fiber position relative to the fer
42、ruleMeasure the fiber position relative to the ferrule before undergoing the test.5.3 Fiber pushback testThe fiber pushback test includes the following steps:5.3.1 Specimen mountingMount the connector or connector subassembly in the mounting fixture, with the ferruleinserted in the alignment tube. M
43、ate the zirconia blank against the connector test specimenand apply the load. Typical loads applied range from 0.7 kg to 1.5 kg.5.3.2 Test exposureExpose the connector or connector subassembly, mounted in the fixture, to theenvironmental test condition and for the length of time described in the Det
44、ail Specification.The test temperature is usually the maximum operating temperature expected for theferrule assembly (typically 65 C for outside plant conditions). Most of the fiber pushbackwill occur over the first few hours; the typical exposure time is 24 hours.5.3.3 Specimen removalRemove the te
45、st fixture from the environmental test condition and allow it to equilibrate toroom temperature before removing the load.5.4 Measurement of fiber position relative to the ferruleRemeasure the fiber position relative to the ferrule after undergoing the test. Themeasurement shall be made within one-ha
46、lf hour after removal of the applied load.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA/455-19476 Calculations or interpretation of resultsThe results of the fiber pus
47、hback test can be used for two purposes. In one case, the testcan be used to compare the performance of different adhesives, assembly procedures, orresistance to different environmental conditions, etc., by comparing the amount of fiberpushback for different circumstances. In the other case, the tes
48、t can be used to assess theability of the adhesive to adequately lock the fiber into position relative to the ferrule underconditions simulating actual connector usage. The precision and bias for themeasurements are determined by the test method used to measure the sample endfacegeometry, in particular the fiber height. A test procedure to make this measurement isunder development, but is not yet published.6.1 Comparison testingSufficient number of samples should be tested to take into account the variability inspec
