1、 TIA/EIA STANDARD ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-224-2002 Approved: May 16, 2002 TIA/EIA-455-224 FOTP-224 IEC 61744 Calibration of Fibre Optic Chromatic Dispersion Test Sets TIA/EIA-455-224 MAY 2002 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electr
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8、ted under the cognizance of the TIA FO-6.1 Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Test, Measurement, and Inspection Instrumentation.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2002 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of
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18、REIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHER
19、WISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. 61744 IEC:2001 TIA/EIA-455-224) iCONTENTS Page 1 Scope.1 2 Normative refe
20、rences1 3 Terms and definitions2 4 Calibration 8 4.1 Rationale for calibration of CD test sets .8 4.1.1 (Full) calibration.8 4.1.2 Calibration checking.9 4.2 Preparation for calibration10 4.2.1 General advice and organization 10 4.2.2 Test environmental requirements .10 4.2.3 Measurement equipment r
21、equirements.11 4.2.4 Traceability11 4.3 Calibration procedure.11 4.4 Calibration checking procedure 12 5 Wavelength calibration procedure .12 5.1 General .12 5.2 Discrete sources12 5.3 Tunable sources 13 5.3.1 Method A .13 5.3.2 Method B .14 5.3.3 Method C.15 5.4 Uncertainties and reporting 15 6 Del
22、ay dispersion calibration procedure 15 6.1 General .15 6.2 Equipment and preparation 16 6.2.1 Pulse delay CD test sets 17 6.2.2 Phase shift CD test sets.17 6.2.3 Interferometric CD test sets .17 6.2.4 Differential phase shift CD test sets .17 6.3 Calibration procedure.18 6.4 Uncertainties and report
23、ing 19 7 Calibration checking procedure .19 7.1 General .19 7.2 Equipment and preparation 19 7.3 Procedure20 7.4 Uncertainties and reporting 20 7.5 Generation of infant reference fibre21 8 Documentation22 8.1 Specifications, measurement data and uncertainties 22 61744 IEC:2001 TIA/EIA-455-224 ii8.2
24、Traceability information23 Annex A (normative) Mathematical basis 24 A.1 Deviations .24 A.2 Uncertainties type A.24 A.3 Uncertainties type B.25 A.4 Accumulation of uncertainties 26 A.5 Reporting.28 Annex B (normative) Assessment of operational uncertainties 29 B.1 Wavelength calibration uncertaintie
25、s 29 B.1.1 Wavelength offsets 29 B.1.2 Source spectral width and shape30 B.2 Fibre length uncertainty .30 B.3 Optical delay variation30 B.3.1 Axial fibre strain.31 B.3.2 Fibre temperature 31 B.4 Instrumentation uncertainties .31 B.4.1 Pulse delay determination 31 B.4.2 Phase shift determination.32 B
26、.4.3 Differential phase shift determination .32 B.4.4 Interference fringe position determination.33 B.4.5 Electronic scale factor uncertainty33 B.4.6 Time delay and phase shift range uncertainty.33 B.4.7 Computational uncertainties .34 B.5 Effect of dispersion modelling 34 B.6 Fibre related uncertai
27、nties .34 B.6.1 Second order modes34 B.6.2 OHabsorption35 B.6.3 Total fibre loss .35 B.6.4 Optical reflections 35 B.7 System dispersion uncertainties.35 Annex C (informative) Chromatic dispersion .36 C.1 Chromatic dispersion in fibres36 C.2 Description of chromatic dispersion test sets36 C.3 Measure
28、ment techniques .37 C.3.1 Pulse delay method37 C.3.2 Phase shift method 38 C.3.3 Differential phase shift method.38 C.3.4 Interferometric method.38 C.4 Fibre chromatic dispersion specifications .38 Annex D (informative) CD test set calibration compensation .40 D.1 Calibration compensation.40 D.2 Cal
29、ibrated reference fibres.41 D.3 Calibration compensation procedure 41 61744 IEC:2001 TIA/EIA-455-224) iii61744 IEC:2001 TIA/EIA-455-224 ivINTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ CALIBRATION OF FIBRE OPTIC CHROMATIC DISPERSION TEST SETS FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commissi
30、on) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in ad
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33、s express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees. 3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form o
34、f standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. 4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in
35、their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared
36、 to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61744
37、 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 86/170/FDIS 86/173/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above tab
38、le. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Annexes A and B form an integral part of this standard. Annexes C and D are for information only. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2002. At this date, t
39、he publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; 61744 IEC:2001 TIA/EIA-455-224) v replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 61744 IEC:2001 TIA/EIA-455-224 viINTRODUCTION Chromatic dispersion in optical fibres Chromatic dispersion is the variation with optical light wavelength of the light propagatio
40、n delay time in a length of fibre. This variation can cause bandwidth limitation in the fibre when used to transmit communication signals. For a more detailed explanation, refer to annex C and IEC 60793-1-1. Chromatic dispersion (CD) test sets CD test sets are used to measure the chromatic dispersio
41、n properties of optical fibres and typically comprise an optical source of known wavelength(s), a fibre light input coupling and output coupling means, optical detection means, and electronic or optical means of determining the optical delay or dispersion at the source wavelength. There are several
42、variants each requiring slightly different calibration techniques. Refer to annex C for further details. In general, all CD test sets produce an output of fibre delay or dispersion versus the light wavelength, typically in graphical form. Thus, wavelength constitutes the x-axis and delay or dispersi
43、on the y-axis. Overview of calibration procedures described in this standard The requirement to calibrate the CD test set, traceable to known standards, is essential for quality control in fibre optic production, fibre research and similar activities. This standard describes the detailed procedures
44、used to establish calibration of a CD test set. Calibration of a CD test set is established by applying known artefacts or standards (themselves calibrated to reference standards) to the CD test set, measuring its response and adjusting (correcting) the CD test set to achieve results that match the
45、standards used. In this way the CD test set results will be brought to close agreement with other CD test sets also calibrated in the manner described in this standard. Primarily the artefacts or standards used are as follows: a) wavelength artefact(s) used to calibrate the light source wavelength(s
46、) used by the CD test set. This is to establish the correct excitation wavelength for the system (the x-axis) in order that the correct delay or dispersion (the y-axis) be determined subsequently; b) delay or dispersion artefact(s) used to calibrate the delay or dispersion response of the CD test se
47、t (the y-axis). Calibration can only be carried out using these artefacts. After a calibration has been completed, a calibration period is defined over which the CD test set is deemed to remain calibrated. At the end of this period, it would be necessary to establish if the CD test set calibration r
48、equires updating (changing); this can be performed using the artefact described above, or by use of a known standard fibre (reference fibre) whose chromatic dispersion is known. This is referred to as calibration checking. The fibre forms a stable source of known dispersion and may be used as a simp
49、le dispersion artefact. If it is found that the calibration has not changed within the required uncertainty limits, then it is possible to simply extend the calibration period again by a defined amount. 61744 IEC:2001 TIA/EIA-455-224) viiIf, however, it is found that the CD test set measurement results have changed significantly compared to the user requirements (i.e. the test set has drifted), then calibration using the artefacts (if not already carried out at this time) should be carried out and the calibration renewed. The above ration
