1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 1411 Transformers and Motor Transformers for Use in Audio-, Radio-, and Television-Type Appliances STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTR
2、IBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Transformers and Motor Transformers for Use in Audio-, Radio-, and Television-Type Appliances, UL 1411 Seventh Edition, Dated Januar
3、y 15, 2016 Summary of Topics This Seventh Edition of the Standard for Transformers and Motor Transformers for Use in Audio-, Radio-, and Television-Type Appliances, UL 1411, is being issued as an Editorial New Edition update only. No changes to the requirements have been made. All rights reserved. N
4、o part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,
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6、f or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic version
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8、chasers computer system. JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1411 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1411 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PER
9、MISSION FROM UL JANUARY 15, 2016 1 UL 1411 Standard for Transformers and Motor Transformers for Use in Audio-, Radio-, and Television-Type Appliances First Edition November, 1976 Second Edition February, 1978 Third Edition May, 1987 Fourth Edition February, 1993 Fifth Edition February, 1998 Sixth Ed
10、ition April, 1998 Seventh Edition January 15, 2016 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Seventh Edition. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 1411 as a Reaffirmed American National Standard (ANS) occurred on August 31, 2015. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page,
11、 Transmittal Pages and Title Page. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrig
12、hted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2016 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 1411-2011(
13、R2015)UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1411 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .5
14、2 Components 5 3 Units of Measurement .6 4 Undated References 6 5 Glossary .6 CONSTRUCTION 6 Enclosure 7 7 Leads .7 7.1 Insulation 7 7.2 Cords .8 7.3 Sleeving, tape, and tubing .8 7.4 Connections between leads 8 7.5 Strain relief 9 7.6 Openings for wires 9 7.7 Bushings 9 8 Interconnection of Winding
15、s 9 9 Protective Devices 9 10 Separate Current-Limiting Material 10 11 Live Part Insulating Material 10 12 Bobbin Material .11 13 Coil Insulation 11 14 Outer-Wrap and Crossover-Lead Insulation 14 15 Equivalent Generic Materials .14 16 Spacings 15 17 Double Protection .20 18 Transformers for Use with
16、 Hospital-Appliance Pendant Controls 20 PERFORMANCE 19 General 21 20 Power Input Test .22 21 Temperature Test .22 22 Open-Circuit Voltage Test .24 23 Power Output Test 24 24 Stalled Rotor Test 24 25 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .24 25.1 General .24 25.2 Insulation comparison .26 25.3 Induced po
17、tential .26 25.4 Production-line dielectric potential suitability test .27 26 Thermoplastic Bobbin Temperature Stability Test .27 27 Strain Relief Test .27 28 Insulation Resistance Test .27 29 Abnormal Operation Tests .28 29.1 General .28 29.2 7-hour abnormal operation test .30 JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1
18、411 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 29.3 15-day abnormal operation test 31 MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TEST 30 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .32 MARKINGS 31 Details .35 APPENDIX A Standards for ComponentsA1 JANUARY 15,
19、2016 UL 1411 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements apply to transformers, autotransformers, and motor-transformers intended to be used in audio-, radio-, and television-type appliances i
20、n which the primary winding is connected across the supply circuit. 1.2 The requirements in Sections 6 17, 25 28, 30, and 31 also apply to transformers intended for use in high-frequency, switching-type power supplies in which the transformer provides isolation from the supply circuit. 1.3 These req
21、uirements do not apply to transformers that are intended to transform only audio, video, and other signal waveforms. Those transformers are covered by the Standard for Isolating Signal and Feedback Transformers for Use in Electronic Equipment, UL 1876. 1.4 These requirements apply to a transformer o
22、r motor transformer that includes a separate current-limiting impedance such as a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) device complying with the requirements for thermistor-type devices, or a resistor complying with the Standard for Fusing Resistors and Temperature-Limited Resistors for Radio- and
23、 Television-Type Appliances, UL 1412. 2 Components 2.1 Except as indicated in 2.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components generally used in the products covered by this standa
24、rd. 2.2 A component is not required to comply with a specic requirement that: a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in the product covered by this standard, or b) Is superseded by a requirement in this standard. 2.3 A component shall be used in acco
25、rdance with its rating established for the intended conditions of use. 2.4 Specic components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not exceeding specied limit
26、s, and shall be used only under those specic conditions. JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1411 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3 Units of Measurement 3.1 When a value for measurement is followed by a valued in other units in parentheses,
27、 the rst stated valued is the requirement. 4 Undated References 4.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 5 Glossary 5.1 For the purpose of this standard the followi
28、ng denitions apply. 5.2 ENCAPSULATION COMPOUND A material, generally of the polymeric type, that is at least 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) thick (when solidied) and that covers the transformer windings. 5.3 HOUSING A partial or complete enclosure, generally of polymeric material or metal, that is around the ou
29、tside of all or part of the transformer (such as end bells) but is not in contact with current-carrying parts. 5.4 IMPREGNATION COMPOUND A coating material less than 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) thick, generally of the polymeric type and commonly in the form of varnish, that is absorbed by insulating material
30、s such as electrical grade paper. 5.5 LAYER-WOUND TRANSFORMER A transformer in which all of the turns in each layer of each winding are in a single plane. Turns in each layer are wound tightly next to each other with no gaps between them and the turns do not cross over other turns in that layer or t
31、he adjacent layers. 5.6 POTTING COMPOUND A material intended to ll all the air spaces inside the housing of a transformer. 5.7 TRANSFORMER A collective term used to designate a transformer, a motor transformer, or an autotransformer. 5.8 WINDING A coil of wire including the start, nish, and crossove
32、r leads up to the point where insulated leads or terminals are connected. JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1411 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONSTRUCTION 6 Enclosure 6.1 A material used as all or part of the enclosure (end bells) of a
33、 transformer shall be classied V-0 or less ammable in accordance with the Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94. Exception: This requirement does not apply to a bushing through which a lead passes. 6.2 A complete, individual enclosure (en
34、d bells) is not required when: a) Live parts are not accessible; or b) The transformer is used in an appliance having an enclosure that renders the live parts inaccessible. An individual enclosure may be required in the end product if the transformer has not been tested as described in Abnormal Oper
35、ation Tests, Section 29. 6.3 A potting compound employed in a transformer shall be classied HB or less ammable in accordance with the Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94. A potting compound classied HB or less ammable using 1/16-inch (1
36、.6-mm) thick at-stock samples may be used in lesser thicknesses in the transformer when determined acceptable. 6.4 An encapsulation compound that covers the exterior surface of a transformer shall be classied HB or less ammable in accordance with the Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Ma
37、terials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94. An encapsulation compound classied HB or less ammable using 1/16-inch (1.6-mm) thick at-stock samples may be used in lesser thicknesses in the transformer when determined acceptable. 7 Leads 7.1 Insulation 7.1.1 The insulation on lead wires shall b
38、e rated for the voltage involved and the highest temperature reached under any condition of actual use, and shall be rated VW-1. JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1411 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 7.2 Cords 7.2.1 A exible cord of a tra
39、nsformer shall comply with the requirements in the standard for the end-use product in which the transformer is intended to be used and shall be rated VW-1. 7.2.2 A power-supply cord or wiring harness shall be provided with a polarized (two-blade polarized or three-wire grounding) type attachment pl
40、ug that conforms with one of the congurations covered in the Standard for Wiring Devices Dimensional Requirements, NEMA WD-6, and in the Standard for Attachment Plugs and Receptacles, UL 498. The attachment plug shall comply with the requirements in the Standard for Cord Sets and Power-Supply Cords,
41、 UL 817. Exception: When the product is intended to be connected to supply circuits not dened in the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, or for connection to supply-circuit receptacles that are not dened in the Standard for Wiring Devices Dimensional Requirements, NEMA WD-6, the conguration of t
42、he attachment plug is to conform to the applicable Standards of the country into which the product is intended to be shipped. This exception applies only when the product is set for use on the foreign supply circuit when leaving the factory. 7.2.3 The conductors of a parallel exible cord of a transf
43、ormer shall not be split external to the transformer enclosure (end-bells). 7.3 Sleeving, tape, and tubing 7.3.1 Sleeving and tubing used on lead wires shall be rated VW-1. Tape used on lead wires shall be ame-retardant. 7.4 Connections between leads 7.4.1 The connection between a lead, including a
44、exible cord, and a winding or other part of the transformer shall be soldered, welded, or otherwise securely connected. A solder joint shall be mechanically secure before soldering. 7.4.2 When a lead is rigidly held in place without the use of solder, or when it is retained in place by an acceptable
45、 means so as not to be subjected to any motion, additional mechanical security is not required. Mechanical securement of a lead is not required when separation of the connection does not result in a risk of re or electric shock. JANUARY 15, 2016 UL 1411 8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FU
46、RTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 7.5 Strain relief 7.5.1 Strain relief shall be provided so that stress on each individual lead, including a exible cord, is not transmitted to the connection inside the transformer. See 27.1. 7.5.2 A strain-relief means shall not depend s
47、olely on adhesion between the lead and a potting compound, unless an investigation shows it to be acceptable. 7.6 Openings for wires 7.6.1 An edge of an opening for a cord or wire connected in the primary circuit shall be free of burrs and ns that may damage the conductor insulation. Unless a bushin
48、g is provided, the edges of an opening in a sheet-metal enclosure shall be rolled or formed. 7.7 Bushings 7.7.1 A bushing shall be secured in place. 8 Interconnection of Windings 8.1 A discrete component that provides a conductive connection between the primary and secondary winding of a transformer
49、 shall have a resistance that limits the leakage current in the end use to an acceptable value that does not exceed 12-megohms. The wattage rating of the component shall be at least 1/2 watt. 8.2 The resistance mentioned in 8.1 shall not be exceeded considering the maximum tolerance of the resistor used. For example, a resistor rated 10 megohms with a 20-percent tolerance is acceptable for the 12-megohms maximum resistance application. 8.3 A capacitor with or witho
