1、 ?FOOT-POUND? ADS-63-SP 11 July 2001 CAGE Code 18876 AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD STANDARD PRACTICE RADAR SYSTEM AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION AND VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AMSC N/A DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reprod
2、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP iv Table of Conte
3、nts 1.0 SCOPE.1 2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS1 3.0 DEFINITIONS.3 4.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS3 4.1 System Safety.3 4.2 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) .3 4.3 Reliability, Availability, And Maintainability (RAM).3 4.4 Engineering Analyses3 5.0 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS.4 5.1 Radar System Performance .4 5.2 Electr
4、omagnetic Environment .5 5.3 Ground and Flight Testing .5 5.4 Other Testing and Verification 7 5.5 Demonstrations7 5.6 Instrumentation and Data Analysis .8 6.0 NOTES.8 Appendix A Radar Performance Parameters 9 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
5、IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP 1 RADAR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 1.0 SCOPE. This document establishes the verification methods and qualification requirements for radar systems installed on U.S. Army aircraft. A combination of analyses, component testing, ground testing, and
6、flight testing, will verify the design, installations and performance of the radar subsystem prior to the formal Airworthiness Qualification Release. The Airworthiness Qualification program encompasses: a. Design reviews. b. Engineering design substantiation analyses. c. Contractor development and a
7、irworthiness qualification tests, including component, subsystem and system testing. d. Government systems development and airworthiness qualification testing, including: (1) Preliminary Airworthiness Evaluation (PAE). (2) Airworthiness and Flight Characteristics Test (A these analyses shall be cond
8、ucted as described below. 4.4.3.1 Fatigue Analysis. A fatigue substantiation analysis shall demonstrate the impact of the radar subsystem on component fatigue lives. 4.4.3.2 Loads and Stress Analysis. This analysis shall be conducted on the radar system including crash conditions. 4.4.4 Reliability
9、and Maintainability (RAM) Analysis. A RAM analysis shall be conducted using test data, estimates, and all qualification testing. MIL-HDBK-781 shall be used for guidance. 4.4.5 Weight and Center-of-Gravity Analysis. Analysis of weight control shall be conducted in accordance with SAWE Recommended Pra
10、ctice 7 (RP7), Weight and Balance Control System (for Aircraft and Rotorcraft). This analysis shall demonstrate that the aircraft weight and center of gravity remain within acceptable limits with the radar system installed. 4.4.6 Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP). A HERP analy
11、sis shall be performed in accordance with ADS-37-PRF to determine the distance that personnel must remain from the radar while it is operating. 4.4.7 Jettison analysis. A jettison analysis shall be conducted to ensure that no radar components lie in the jettison path of any external stores. 5.0 DETA
12、ILED REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Radar System Performance. Ground tests, flight tests, surveys and demonstrations shall be used to verify radar system performance. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP 5 Required radar performance parameters
13、 shall be as listed in Appendix A of this specification. 5.2 Electromagnetic Environment. Analyses and tests shall be used to demonstrate that the radar is compatible with the electromagnetic environment as specified below. 5.2.1 Radar Specific Requirements. Analysis and test shall be used to demons
14、trate that the radar design complies with the special provisions in MIL-STD-469, the requirements in MIL-STD-461 and ADS-37-PRF, as tailored for the frequency band of the radar system. 5.2.2 EMC Control Plan. Analysis shall be used to demonstrate how EMI and EMC will be controlled, in accordance wit
15、h MIL-STD-461. 5.2.3 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Testing shall be used to demonstrate that the radar system meets all of the EMI requirements of MIL-STD-461 as modified by ADS-37-PRF. 5.2.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Testing shall be used to demonstrate that the radar system, when
16、installed in the aircraft, is electromagnetically compatible with the existing aircraft system equipment in accordance with ADS-37-PRF. 5.2.5 Electromagnetic Vulnerability (EMV). The radar system, when installed in the aircraft, shall survive and meet performance requirements while subjected to an e
17、lectromagnetic environment composed of field levels per MIL-STD-464, and field modulations per ADS-37-PRF. 5.3 Ground and Flight Testing. Analyses, tests, and demonstrations shall be conducted using AMCP 706-203 for guidance to substantiate safe and satisfactory radar subsystem operation (in accorda
18、nce with Appendix A of this document) over the range of flight and environmental conditions. 5.3.1 Ground Tests. Ground tests shall be conducted using AMCP 706-203 for guidance. These tests shall include all items required to verify flight safety. Required tests include, but are not limited to, the
19、following: 5.3.1.1 Environmental Conditions. Component level testing in accordance with MIL-STD-810 shall be performed to verify correct operation throughout the range of conditions specified in the aircraft system specification. 5.3.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Component level EMI testin
20、g shall be conducted in accordance with MIL-STD-461, as modified by ADS-37-PRF. RS103 testing shall be conducted using field levels from MIL-STD-464 and field modulations from ADS-37-PRF. 5.3.1.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Ground EMC testing shall be conducted in accordance with ADS-37-PRF
21、 to ensure that the radar system Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP 6 is electromagnetically compatible with other aircraft subsystems, prior to flight tests. Testing shall include, but is not limited to, the following: a. Elec
22、trical bonding measurements. b. Compatibility testing in accordance with a test matrix. Radar system shall be tested as a source and victim against aircraft navigation and communication systems, flight test instrumentation, electro-explosive devices, and all other flight critical systems. 5.3.1.4 Ai
23、rframe Vibration Testing. Vibration testing shall be performed in accordance with MIL-STD-810 with the radar system installed on the aircraft to verify that the radar is compatible with the resonant frequencies of the aircraft, both structurally and operationally. 5.3.1.5 Radar Operations. Analysis
24、and test shall be used to verify cockpit procedures utilizing the installed radar control system. Radar to aircraft control logic interface shall be demonstrated. Functional checkout of target acquisition/designation subsystem modes (including symbology) shall be conducted. 5.3.1.6 Radar Boresightin
25、g. Analysis and test shall be used to demonstrate boresighting procedures and boresight retention. Particular attention should be paid to the elements of the target acquisition/designation subsystem and boresight accuracy. 5.3.1.7 Aircraft Integration. Analysis and test shall be used to evaluate the
26、 joint functioning of installed subsystem such as fire control computer/weapons processor, target acquisition/designation subsystem, etc. Validate computer software functionality (accuracy, correctness). 5.3.1.8 Radar Performance. When possible, elements of radar performance, as given in Appendix A,
27、 shall be tested on the ground before being tested in flight. 5.3.2 Flight Tests. Flight tests shall be conducted within the design operational flight envelope, as defined by the aircraft Operators Manual, or other appropriate reference. These tests shall include hover (IGE/OGE), cruise and VH condi
28、tions. The testing shall encompass those items requiring design verification prior to the formal demonstrations. The testing shall include formal demonstration of radar performance as defined in the system specification. The items examined should include, but are not limited to, the following. 5.3.2
29、.1 Aircraft Flight Performance. Analysis and test shall be used to determine the effects of the radar subsystem installation on aircraft performance, stability and control throughout the flight envelope of the aircraft, including hover, low speed translation flight, take off and Provided by IHSNot f
30、or ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP 7 landing, climb, level flight, maneuvering flight, jettisoning, and autorotation. 5.3.2.2 Radar to Aircraft Interface. Analysis and test shall be used to verify the following elements of the radar to aircraft in
31、terface: a. Boresight retention. b. Ability to handover a target from the radar to the aircraft, for all target types. c. Weapons firing. Determine effects of weapons firing on radar system performance, including effects from vibration, smoke, and debris. 5.3.2.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC).
32、 Flight EMC testing shall be performed in accordance with ADS-37-PRF to ensure that the radar system is electromagnetically compatible with other aircraft subsystems, prior to flight tests. 5.3.2.4 Radar Performance. Analysis and test shall be used to verify radar performance parameters defined by t
33、he system specification. Testing should be conducted with both ground and flight tests, with parameters being tested on the ground first, where possible. 5.4 Other Testing and Verification. 5.4.1 Radar Spectrum Verification. The radar system shall be tested in accordance with MIL-STD-469 to verify t
34、hat the radar system spectrum requirements are met. 5.4.2 Electromagnetic Vulnerability (EMV). The radar system, while installed in the aircraft, shall be tested to demonstrate that it can survive and meet performance requirements while subjected to the electromagnetic environment composed of field
35、levels per MIL-STD-464 and field modulations per ADS-37-PRF. 5.5 Demonstrations 5.5.1 General. In addition to the tests and analysis called out above, demonstration tests can be used to show compliance with system specifications. Demonstrations shall include, but are not limited to, those listed bel
36、ow. 5.5.2 Electrical Demonstration. An electrical demonstration shall be conducted to evaluate the effect of the radar system on the aircraft electrical system. Ripple voltage, transients, harmonics, and power shall be measured on the affected busses. 5.5.3 Flight Vibration Demonstration. If deemed
37、necessary based on the results of airframe vibration testing, or analysis of the resonant modes of the radar system, a flight demonstration should be performed to Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP 8 verify that flight vibratio
38、n levels do not adversely affect the performance of the radar system. 5.6 Instrumentation and Data Analysis. Test instrumentation shall be used to record appropriate radar, fire control, weapons processor, and aircraft data to establish qualification test compliance. 6.0 NOTES Not applicable to this
39、 document. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP 9 Appendix A Radar Performance Parameters A.1 General. This Appendix is intended as a general guide for persons developing and/or reviewing detailed radar system specifications. Lis
40、ted here are generic (although biased towards airborne radar) requirements that should be defined in the detailed item specification, and tested as part of the System Qualification process. Not all parameters will be applicable to all radar designs, and this list should be tailored to the particular
41、 operational requirements of the radar system. Conversely, it would not be possible to list every possible detailed requirement, so this list is meant only as a guide, and not a comprehensive reference. Due to the ever evolving and wide variety of radar technologies, it would be a nearly impossible
42、task to define performance parameters for each type of design and each application of that design. Instead, this Appendix defines general radar performance parameters, independent of system implementation. To accomplish this, several generalizations are made: a. No distinction is made between scanni
43、ng and tracking modes, since the modes designed in to the radar depend on the radar operational requirements. b. No distinction is made between measured parameters and calculated parameters. Calculated parameters will still have accuracies associated with measurement noise, etc., and so are lumped t
44、ogether with measured parameters for simplicity. Also, the set of calculated and measured parameters will vary between radar designs, depending on cost, size, and complexity of design. c. Mechanical details such as slew rates are not included. Rather, event timelines are defined. Parameters such as
45、slew rate would likely be included in the detailed specification, but only to the extent required to meet timeline requirements. Note that each of these parameters may be dependent on the operating mode of the radar. In this case, the system specifications and test plans should contain matrices of t
46、hose parameters versus operating mode. A.2 Radar Performance Parameters. 1. Maximum radial range, maximum azimuth sweep and maximum elevation sweep. 2. Radial range, azimuth and elevation accuracy. 3. Radial, cross range and elevation velocity accuracy. Although cross range and elevation velocities
47、are calculated, they are included here since they depend on measured values, as well as the quality of the Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-63-SP 10 scan-to-scan correlation, measurement noise, etc. Having a single accuracy specifi
48、cation makes this item less implementation specific. 4. Minimum detectable target size. 5. Probability of detection (Pd). Measured over the set of all detectable targets. 5a. Probability of reacquisition. This is the probability of reacquiring a previously detected target. This is a special case of
49、item 5, applicable only for radars that optimize for reacquisition (for example, when tracking high priority targets). 6. Probability of False Detection (Pfd). This is the probability of falsely detecting a target when none is present. 7. Probability of correct classification (Pcc). Only applicable if the
