1、MIGHDBK-114A 20 July 1990 SuPER3rnING MIGHDBK-114 16 January 1984 MILJTARY “DEOOK FUELS, MOBILJYY, USERHANDBOOK AMSC N/A FSC 91GP DISTRIEUCION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license f
2、rom IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-114A 71 77777700057201 1 9 MIL-HDBK-114A DEPARDE“ OF DEPENSE WASHINGIN, Dc 20301 MIGHDBK-114 Mbbiiity Fuels User Handbook For Use in Ground Equiprent Systems. 1. of the Department of Defense. This military handbook is approved for use by all Deparbnents and Agencies 2. the mili
3、tary standardization handbook series. This publication was approved on 20 July 1990 for printing and inclusion in 3. identification and selection of hydrccarbn fuels and alternative prducts, suitable for use in Army equipment systems. referenced in purchase cpecifications except for informational pu
4、rposes, nor shall it supersede any specification requirements. This handbook provides basic information design criteria for the This handbook is not intenled to be 4. military,/federal mobility fuel specification requirements, typicai property characteristics, additive ingredients, field emergency f
5、uels, engine technologies, and fuel property-performance relationships. Every effort has been made to reflect the latest information on 5. and engine developers in the utilization practices of mobility fuels. effort will be made to update this document as research and development programe on mobilit
6、y fuels generate the necessary technical data. 6. data which may be of use in improving this document should be address4 to: US Army Belvoir Research, Development and Engineering Center, Am: STRBE-TSE, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5606, by us* the self-addressed Standardization Dxumnt Improvement FYopsal
7、(DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. This handbook represents a new approach design4 to assist field personnel Every Beneficial commente (recarmnendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent ii Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted
8、without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDEX-114A The purpose of this handbook is to provide a campilation of hfonnation relating to the types and potential applications of hy-n fuels cammonly used in ground mobility equipment. systems, details on the three fuel categories (gasoline, turbine fuel, and die
9、sel), cleanliness and fuel handling/dicpenCing requirenents and a section on field emergency fuels. This handbook is intended to provide pertinent infomtion to field personnel such as fuel requirements, interchangeability, prduct iimitations, contamination, fuel-property correlations for use by engi
10、ne developem, and safety considerations in product mixtures. and planning guide for users of mobility fuels. Ecpipmentmuals should be consulted for additional infomiation regarding specific fue1 requirements and fuel substitutions. between equipment muals and this handbook, contact US Army Belvoir R
11、esearch, Developmt and Engineer- Center, ATIN: STRBE-VF, Fort Belvoir, Virginia The federal and military specifications, their associated Qualified Products Listing (QPL) , and Federal Test Methe mtioned in this handbook are available from: It includes a brief description of propulsion It is designe
12、d to seme as a textbook in the event of any conflict 22060-5606. Standardization Documente Order Deck Wiildhg 4D 700 Robbh Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Requests must identify each document or test procedure by symbol and title. The Society of Automtive n-igheers (SAE) publications mentioned in
13、 this handbook are part of the SAE Handbook which is published annually. The specific SAE Infomtion Reports are revised annually to refled new requirments, revisions, and other changes. Prauminometer Number of Jet Fuels Heat of Combustion of Jet Fuels Hydrogen Content of Jet Nels Density vs Tempratw
14、e of Turbine fuels Refinery process operations . 63 63 64 65 . Additive Requirements for Military and Federal gasoline Fuel Requirements for Army Mobility n-igines: Spark Additives in Diesel and Wer Fuels. Specificatio ns. 4 Ignition . 5 10 I mel RequirementC for Army Mobility mines: mes. 13 . 32 Co
15、mpression Ignition and Gas Turbines 11 I Fuel Requirements for Army Mobility Erqhes: Test Methods Required in Gasolines and Gasohol Wificatio ns. 30 Test Methcds Required in Diesel Fuel Specification and Burner Fuel. 34 Fuel RequirementS for Army Mobility Engmes 1 Engine, Gasoline nigine and Turbine
16、s. 48 Functional Properties of Diesel Fuels 56 Gasoline Fuels Additives. 67 Diesel Fuels Additiv es. 68 Turbine Fuels Additives 69 Tu& Test Method Required in Turbine Fuel. APPENDICES ?or Diesel Simplified Refinery Processhg. 103 Typical Value and Specification Requirementc for . 112 I Gasoline Fuel
17、. Typical Values and Specification Requirements for Diesel and Burner Fuel Typical Values and Specification Requirements for Turbine Fuel . 116 vi Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-I upon the 3ility fuels is dependent 1.1 General. Th
18、e proper utilization of ml adherence to prescribed exist- fuel policy directives. These directives provide specific instructions as to the priiil-ry fuel to be used in the operating of a particular weapons system and weapons support equipment and materiel. Therefore, this chapter is designed to prov
19、ide the basis for this handbook by providing a listing of ail existing fuel policy instructions and requirements intended for the users as well as developers of ground equipmient. For questions on quality surveillance of fuels, contact the responsible technical organization I of the service or DU. I
20、 For DLA contact the Product Quality Division: Defense Logistics Agency Defense Fuel Supply Center Directorate of Quality Assurance Cameron Station, VA 22304-6160 and Technical Services (DFSC-QE) I For the Army contact: Commander US Army General Materiel and petroleum Activity AT“: STSGFF New ccmibe
21、rland Anny Depot New Cumberland, PA 17070. For the Air Force contact: commander San Antonio Air Logistics center ATIN: SFT Kelly AFEK TX 78241 I I For the Navy contact: Cammand Officer US Navy Petroleum Office Am: Code40 Cameron Station, VA 22304-6180 1.2 DOD directives and requlations. 1.2.1 Depart
22、mnt of Defense Directive 4140.43, dated 11 March 1988, Subject: I Dei3artment of Defense Fuel standardization. I goal of minimizing the nmhr and cumplexity of petroleum fuels required, and (2) increasing the potential availability of usable fuels outside of the continentai united states near coat io
23、cations. 1.2.1.1 This directive prescribec policy for (1) fuel standardization with a 1 Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-1.2 Fuel 1.2 I and1 MIGHDBK-114A kparhnent of Army Proposed Regulation hbricant Standardization Policv for Fn ,
24、 . - lubri cant AR 70-XX, ruinmnk n 1.2.2.1 This proposed regulation will impiement the Department if n=fancn Directive 4140.43 mentioned above. for seven typet of fuel concuming equipment. As in the above, specific 1acc These are as follows: fuels (Le., unleaded gasolines, middle distillate fuels,
25、etc , _ c- - - a. Turbine powered aircraft. b. Spark-ignition engine powered aircraft. c. d. e. f. Conventional shipboard per plants. Ground equipment powered by spark-ignition engines. Mobile and stationary ground equipment powered by campression-ignition and turbine engines. Stationary boiler, pow
26、er plants, and inductrial and residential heat- equipment. 1.2.2.2 This regulation establishes basic Army policies, assigns recponcibi- litis, and prescribes procedures for the magement, planning, and coordination of ail activities within the petroieum supply, support, and utilization systems. Under
27、 paragraph 4 entitled Policies, it provides petroleum logistics dcctrine and conceptc for user and developer activities. 1.2.2.3 Under paragraph 5 entitled Liquid Fuels and Prduct Definitions, definitions are provided for Primary, Alternate, and Emergency Fuels. six fuels specified for use in Army m
28、ateriel are listed. Also, the Aviation Gasoline (AVGAS), AS?M D 910, Standard for Aviation Gasoline. Automotive Spark-Ignition wine Fuel, ASTM D 4814. Gasoline, Autamotive, combat, MI-3056 (cambat MOGAS). Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Miid-83133, Grade JP-8. Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Miid-5624, Grade -4. Th
29、ese are as follows: a. b. c. d. e. Fuel Oil Diesel, W-F-800. f. 1.2.3 Deprhent of Air Force Technical Manual T.O. 42B1-1-1, dated 15 May 1981, subject: Fuels for USAF Piston and Turbine Support Equipment and Aministrative Vehicles. 1.2.3.1 This manual designates the grades of fuel to be uced in all
30、USAF piston and turbine engine-powered support equipment and administrative vehicles. in the event of conflict between the USAF technical orders and this handbook, the technical orders takes precendent over this handbook. Kelly AFB, TX 78241. Contact SA-ALC/SFTT, 1.2.4 Department of the Air Force Te
31、chnical Manual T.O. 42B1-1-14, subject: Fuels,. for USAF Aircraft. 1.2.4.1 aircraft. takes precendence over this handbook. This manual designates the grades of fuel to be used in al1 USAF In the event of conflict between AF T.O. and this handbook, the mua1 Point of contact as in 1.2.3.1. 2 Provided
32、by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MBI FuEa1s - G7SW AND GASOHOL 2.1 General. Gasoline is a multicomponent blend of petroleum4erivd hydmcarbons with appropriate additives. Several grades of gasoline are formulated with varying antiknock values
33、. of gasoline is seasonally adjusted to cmpnsate for anticipated ambient temperature and the intended area of use. of hydrqen and carbon atoms which are the basic elementc that make up ail petroleum products. to provide or &ance specific perfomiance features. is a blend of a gasoline with 10 percent
34、 ethyl alcohol. specifications not covered by this handbook but mentioned in Army regulations are ASJM D 910 and ASTM D 4814. military and the above mentioned AS934 specifications requirements are provided in appendix B. The boiling range (i.e., volatility) Hydrocarbons are chemical combinations The
35、 additives are chemical compounds added to the gasoline Gasohol on the other hand, Two commercial Typical properties of gasoline as well as the 2.2 Gasoline and qasohol specifications. 2.2.1 MILro46015 - Gasoline, automotive, combat referee qrade. 2.2.1.1 Scow. Referee grade gasoline is a gasoline r
36、epresenting the minhl or marginal quality level which can be procured under the parent specification MIL&-3056 while meet- all its requirements. to the quality of ocyINu gasoline production or that available for production in thas of a national emergency. testhg to assure that equipmentwill perfonn
37、adequately with all gasolhes procured under MILro3056. for use in research, development and proof-test- or qualification of spark-ignition and gmund-based turbine engines, components, vehicle heaters, etc. The use of referee fuel in conjunction with Development Testing (M! I through UT III) is neces
38、sary to uncover potential operational problems with respct to equipment performance, development of suitable RAM-D data, and to pennit data correlation of all testing sites regmess of their geographical location. It is designed to be equivalent It is used for research, development and proof 2.2.1.2
39、Intended use. Gasolines coverec by this specification are intended The gasolines are of the following grades: a. Grade I - Enshe endurance gasoline. in all engine and vehicle qualification, proof, engineering or pilot model testing in conjunction with appropriate reference engine oils to assure comp
40、atibility with military standard supply items. Grade II - Cold start qasoline. law temperature testingto permit evaluation of cold sta+ing and warm-up operational characteristics for temperatures belaw O “C (32 OF). This gasoline is intended for use b. This gasoline is intended for use in 2.2.1.3 Li
41、mitations. Referee fuels are not to be used in engines or other equipment in the field as a substitute for MIM-3056 gasoline without appraval of the engine manufacturer or of the US Army Belvoir Research, Developmt and Ehgineerhg Center, ATI“: STRBE-VF, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5606. 3 Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
