1、 NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE MIL-HDBK-773A 30 June 2005 _ SUPERSEDING MIL-HDBK-773 1 April 1988 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOK ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE PROTECTIVE PACKAGING This handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this document as a requirement. AMSC N/A AREA PACK Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo
2、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-773A FOREWORD 1. This handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense (DoD). 2. Military packaging has experienced many changes in the packaging of electrical devices. Many of the ne
3、w electronic parts and devices are highly susceptible to damage from static electricity, even at levels that can be neither seen nor felt. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) affects many components such as transistors, resistors, integrated circuits, and many types of semiconductor devices. Static charge
4、 can degrade or destroy electronic devices during shipping, handling, and installation. Often it takes only a small charge to cause this damage. In fact, nearly half of todays new semiconductors, with their denser geometries, have a static sensitivity of 100 volts or less. This means that almost any
5、 moving object can generate a dangerous charge in an unprotected environment. A spark discharge resulting from the accumulation of electrostatic charges does not necessarily destroy a device or cause a circuit in which it is used to become nonfunctional. The device can be permanently damaged, yet pe
6、rforms its intended function. Additional exposures to these spark discharges or using the device in a circuit can further damage and degrade it until failure occurs. This is known as a latent failure and can seriously affect a systems reliability. 3. It is essential that everyone involved in the acq
7、uisition, handling, transporting, and storing of Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESDS) items be concerned about ESD. All ESDS items should be packaged, shipped, and stored in ESD protective materials, including condition code F returns (economically reparable materiel which requires repair, recon
8、ditioning, or overhaul). 4. Reducing damage to ESDS items begins with understanding the problem. This handbook is intended to provide guidelines on precautionary measures for reducing failures as they relate specifically to packaging and handling of ESDS items. 5. Comments, suggestions, or questions
9、 on this document should be addressed to Chief, Logistics Support Activity, Packaging, Storage, and Containerization Center, ATTN: AMXLS-AT, Tobyhanna, PA 18466-5097 or emailed to logsaptlogsa.army.mil. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address informa
10、tion using the ASSIST Online database at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil. ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK 773A CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE FOREWORD ii 1. SCOPE 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Application 1 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 1 2.1 General 1
11、2.2 Government documents 1 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks 1 2.3 Non-Government publications 3 3. DEFINITIONS 4 4. GENERAL GUIDANCE 6 4.1 Generation of electrostatic charges 6 4.1.1 Dry and moist materials 6 4.1.2 Static charge 7 4.2 ESD damage 7 4.3 Description of an integrated circu
12、it 7 4.3.1 Damage by spark discharge 7 4.3.2 Microscope view 7 4.4 Identification/acquisition 7 4.4.1 Special protective devices 8 4.5 U.S. Air Force 8 5. DETAILED GUIDANCE 8 5.1 Identifying ESDS items 8 5.2 Packaging of ESDS items 9 5.3 Transporting before final unit pack 11 5.4 Condition code F ma
13、terial 11 5.5 ESD protective packaging materials 11 5.6 The ESD protective worksite 11 5.7 Precautions 12 5.8 Typical ESD-controlled workstation 13 iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK 773A CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 5.9 ESD work
14、station conductive material 13 5.10 ESD field service kit 13 6. NOTES 14 6.1 Intended use 14 6.2 Subject term (key word) listing 14 6.3 Changes from previous issue 14 TABLES I. Common materials that generate triboelectric effect 15 II. Typical electrostatic voltages 16 III. Sensitivity ranges 16 IV.
15、 Typical electrostatic charge sources 17 A-I. ESD field service kit and workstation equipment 27 B-I. ESD protective materials 31 FIGURE 1. Magnified views of ESD caused failure of high-performance 18 operational amplifier 2. ESDS item preservation 19 3. Electrostatic sensitive device labels 20 4. U
16、se of PPP-B-1672, Fast Pack 21 5. Example of ESD protective workstation 22 6. ESD protective worksite items 23 7. Typical ESD protective field service kit 24 A-1. ESD field service kit components 25 APPENDIXES A. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) field service kit and workstation equipment 25 B. Electro
17、static Discharge (ESD) protective materials 29 C. Training 36 CONCLUDING MATERIAL 38 iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-773A 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This handbook provides detailed guidance for DoD personnel who use, handle, pack
18、age, or store Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESDS) items. It is designed to promote the use of standardized packaging materials as well as promote an understanding of the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) threat through all levels of maintenance and supply. This handbook is for guidance only and can
19、not be cited as a requirement. 1.2 Application. This handbook is applicable to all DoD personnel involved in assembly, handling, packaging, and storing of ESDS items. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein, but are t
20、hose needed to understand the information provided by this handbook. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS PPP-B-1672 - Boxes
21、, Shipping, Reusable With Cushioning PPP-C-795 - Cushioning Material, Packaging (Flexible Closed Cell Plastic Film, for Long Distribution Cycles) PPP-C-1797 - Cushioning Material, Resilient, Low Density, Unicellular, Polypropylene Foam COMMERCIAL ITEM DESCRIPTIONS A-A-3129 - Cushioning Material, Fle
22、xible Open Cell Plastic Film (for Packaging Applications) A-A-59135 - Packaging Material, Sheet A-A-59136 - Cushioning Material, Packaging, Closed Cell Foam Plank 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-773A DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE S
23、PECIFICATIONS MIL-DTL-117 - Bags, Heat-Sealable MIL-PRF-55182 - Resistors, Fixed, Film, Nonestablished Reliability, Established Reliability, and Space Level, General Specification for MIL-PRF-55342 - Resistors, Chip, Fixed, Film, Nonestablished Reliability, Established Reliability, Space Level, Gene
24、ral Specification for MIL-PRF-81705 - Barrier Materials, Flexible, Electrostatic Protective, Heat-Sealable MIL-DTL-81997 - Pouches, Cushioned, Flexible, Electrostatic-Protective, Transparent MIL-PRF-83401 - Resistor Networks, Fixed, Film, and Capacitor-Resistor Networks, Ceramic Capacitor and Fixed
25、Film Resistors, General Specification for MIL-PRF-87893 - Workstation, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARDS MIL-STD-129 - Standard Practice for Military Marking for Shipment and Storage MIL-STD-1686 - Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electric
26、al and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices) MIL-STD-2073-1 - Standard Practice for Military Packaging DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOKS MIL-HDBK-263 - Electrostatic Discharge Control Handbook for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts,
27、Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices) (Metric) (Copies of these documents are available online at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil or http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia
28、, PA 19111-5094.) 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-773A 2.3 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) ELECT
29、RONIC INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE (EIA) ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) ASSOCIATION ANSI/EIA 625 - Requirements for Handling Electrostatic-Discharge- Sensitive (ESDS) Devices ANSI/ESD S20.20 - Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assembli
30、es and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices) ANSI/ESD S541 - Packaging Materials for ESD Sensitive Items (Copies of ANSI documents are available online at www.ansi.org or from the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdStreet, New York, NY 10036, telephone (212)
31、642-4900, facsimile (212) 398-0023.) (Copies of EIA documents are available online at www.eia.org or from the Electronic Industries Alliance, 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201, telephone (703) 907-7500.) (Copies of ESD documents are available online at www.esda.org or from the Electrostatic
32、 Discharge Association, 7900 Turin Road, Building 3, Rome, NY 13440-2069, telephone (315) 339-6937, facsimile (315) 339-6793.) ASTM INTERNATIONAL ASTM D 996 - Standard Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments ASTM D 1974 - Standard Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, and Reinforc
33、ing Fiberboard Boxes ASTM D 5118/ - Standard Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard D 5118M Shipping Boxes ASTM D 5330/ - Standard Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Tape D 5330M for Packaging, Filament-Reinforced ASTM D 5445 - Standard Practice for Pictorial Markings for Handling of Goods 3 Provi
34、ded by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-773A ASTM INTERNATIONAL (Continued) ASTM D 5486/ - Standard Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Tape D 5486M for Packaging, Box Closure, and Sealing (Copies of ASTM International standards are avai
35、lable at www.astm.org or from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, telephone (610) 832-9585, facsimile (610) 832-9555.) 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Definitions. General definitions of terms unique to this standard are listed below. Definitions of other t
36、erms commonly used in the packaging community may be found in ASTM D 996. 3.2 Antistatic. Refers to the property of a material that inhibits triboelectric charge generation effects. 3.3 Antistatic fast pack. Reusable container with antistatic cushioning and the word “antistatic” printed on both ends
37、. 3.4 Antistatic tote tray. Conductive containers ideal for static-free storage, kitting, and in-process handling and transporting of static-sensitive assemblies or devices. 3.5 Conformal coatings. Liquid materials applied directly to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) and electronic components during fi
38、nal manufacture. Once hardened they will provide physical, electrical, and environmental protection. 3.6 Conductive. Materials defined as being either surface or volume conductive. Such materials may be either metal or impregnated with metal, carbon particles, or other conductive ingredients or whos
39、e surface has been treated with such materials through a process of lacquering, plating, metallizing, or printing. 3.7 Electrostatic discharge (ESD). A transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrostatic potential caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
40、4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-773A 3.8 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding point system. A designated connection, location, or assembly used on an ESD protective material or device that is intended to accommodate elect
41、rical connection from the device to an ESD ground. 3.9 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protective material. Packaging materials having the capabilities to limit the accumulation of electrostatic charges by safely dissipating electrostatic charges, or by shielding parts from the effects of external ele
42、ctrostatic charges. 3.10 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protective packaging. ESD damage occurs when an accumulation of static electricity generated by the relative motion or separation of materials is released to another object. Packaging items with ESD protective materials tends to minimize the cha
43、nce of triboelectric charge damage to sensitive items. 3.11 Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESDS) items. Electronic items which are susceptible to damage or degradation as a result of an electrostatic discharge event. 3.12 Electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS) labels. All unit packs, intermedi
44、ate and exterior containers of ESDS devices (or other electronic items that are alone or are part of assemblies) that are susceptible to damage from ESD should be marked with an approved ESDS device attention label. 3.13 Intermediate pack. A wrap, box, or bundle that contains two or more unit packs
45、of identical items. 3.14 Ionization. The process by which a neutral atom or molecule acquires a positive or negative charge. 3.15 Ionizer. A device which is designated to generate positive and/or negative ions. In an ESD workstation, it is designed to neutralize or eliminate an electrostatic field t
46、hat could be hazardous to the handling or packing of ESDS items. 3.16 Monitor (charge plate). An instrument used to measure the charge neutralization properties of ionization equipment. 3.17 Static dissipative. A material which will rapidly dissipate electrostatic charges over its surface or volume,
47、 having a resistivity range between conductive and insulative. 3.18 Static electricity. Electrical charge at rest. The electrical charge is due to the transfer of electrons within a body or from one body to another. 5 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-773A 3.19 Static safe area. Any area that is capable of
