1、*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 12 16 (August 2009)-Preparing Activity: USACE SupersedingUFGS-32 12 16 (August 2008)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated July 2009*SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTSDIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTSSECTION 32 12 16HOT-MIX
2、 ASPHALT (HMA) FOR ROADS08/09PART 1 GENERAL1.1 UNIT PRICES1.1.1 Method of Measurement1.1.2 Basis of Payment1.1.3 Percent Payment1.1.4 Laboratory Air Voids and Theoretical Maximum Density1.1.5 Mean Absolute Deviation1.1.6 In-place Density1.1.7 Mat and Joint Densities1.1.8 Pay Factor Based on In-place
3、 Density1.1.9 Pay Factor for Grade1.1.10 Payment Adjustment for Smoothness1.2 REFERENCES1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION1.3.1 Asphalt Mixing Plant1.3.2 Hauling Equipment1.3.3 Asphalt Pavers1.3.3.1 Receiving Hopper1.3.3.2 Automatic Grade Controls1.3.4 Rollers1.4 SUBMITTALS1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIRENMENTSPART 2
4、PRODUCTS2.1 AGGREGATES2.1.1 Coarse Aggregate2.1.2 Fine Aggregate2.1.3 Mineral Filler2.1.4 Aggregate Gradation2.2 ASPHALT CEMENT BINDER2.3 MIX DESIGN2.3.1 JMF Requirements2.3.2 Adjustments to Field JMF2.4 RECYCLED HOT MIX ASPHALTSECTION 32 12 16 Page 1Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or n
5、etworking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-2.4.1 RAP Aggregates and Asphalt Cement2.4.2 RAP MixPART 3 EXECUTION3.1 PREPARATION OF ASPHALT BINDER MATERIAL3.2 PREPARATION OF MINERAL AGGREGATE3.3 PREPARATION OF HOT-MIX ASPHALT MIXTURE3.4 PREPARATION OF THE UNDERLYING SURFACE3.5 TEST SECTION3.5.1
6、Sampling and Testing for Test Section3.5.2 Additional Test Sections3.6 TESTING LABORATORY3.7 TRANSPORTING AND PLACING3.7.1 Transporting3.7.2 Placing3.8 COMPACTION OF MIXTURE3.9 JOINTS3.9.1 Transverse Joints3.9.2 Longitudinal Joints3.10 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL3.10.1 General Quality Control Require
7、ments3.10.2 Testing Laboratory3.10.3 Quality Control Testing3.10.3.1 Asphalt Content3.10.3.2 Gradation3.10.3.3 Temperatures3.10.3.4 Aggregate Moisture3.10.3.5 Moisture Content of Mixture3.10.3.6 Laboratory Air Voids, Marshall Stability and Flow3.10.3.7 In-Place Density3.10.3.8 Grade and Smoothness3.
8、10.3.9 Additional Testing3.10.3.10 QC Monitoring3.10.4 Sampling3.10.5 Control Charts3.11 MATERIAL ACCEPTANCE3.11.1 Sublot Sampling3.11.2 Additional Sampling and Testing3.11.3 Grade3.11.4 Surface Smoothness3.11.4.1 Smoothness Requirements3.11.4.2 Testing Method- End of Section Table of Contents -SECT
9、ION 32 12 16 Page 2Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 12 16 (August 2009)-Preparing Activity: USACE SupersedingUFGS-32 12 16 (August 2008)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in ag
10、reement with UMRL dated July 2009*SECTION 32 12 16HOT-MIX ASPHALT (HMA) FOR ROADS08/09*NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) courses (central-plant hot-mix) for roads.Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or re
11、vising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information.Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present.Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should be directed to the te
12、chnical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet.Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).*PART 1 GENERAL*NOTE: Modifications must be made to this g
13、uide specification during conversion to a project specification in accordance with the NOTES which are located throughout the document. These NOTES are instructions to the designer, and will not appear in the project specification.This guide specification only pertains to the hot-mix asphalt aspects
14、 of the project and not to any surface preparation requirements dealing with aggregate base courses, milling, or tack and prime coats. Surface preparation requirements should be covered by either including them in this guide specification or by adding pertinent sections to the SECTION 32 12 16 Page
15、3Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-project documents.This specification utilizes a Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) construction management philosophy. Quality Assurance refers to the actions performed by the Government or
16、designated representative to assure the final product meets the job requirements. This specification has been developed for QC testing to be used as a basis of pay. The Governments QA testing should include as a minimum 10% of the QC tests. The specification can be edited to utilize QA testing resul
17、ts (similar to Section 32 12 15 HOT-MIX ASPHALT (HMA) FOR AIRFIELDS) in determining the basis for pay. Quality Control refers to the actions of the Contractor to monitor the Contractors construction and production processes and to correct these processes when out of control. Results of QC testing ar
18、e reported daily on the process control charts maintained by the Contractor. Quality Control is covered in paragraph CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL. Quality Control also includes the testing for pay and is covered in paragraphs MATERIAL ACCEPTANCE and PERCENT PAYMENT.For projects less than 500 tons, Sta
19、te DOT materials requirements may be specified. Only material requirements may be substituted as an option. The designer should select which DOT mix design is appropriate for the project. Construction procedures and acceptability of work requirements must stay the same. The lot size should be the en
20、tire paving portion of the project. Designer has the option to eliminate submittal requirement for material samples for this size project.For projects requiring 500 tons to 1000 tons this guide may be used “as is“. The lot size should contain the entire paving limits.For projects over 1000 tons use
21、this guide as is. Lot size should be specified appropriately.*1.1 UNIT PRICES1.1.1 Method of Measurement*NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted if the projects paving portion of the work is in one lump-sum contract price. Lump-sum contracts should not be used when the job exceeds 1000 metric tons (ton
22、s).*The amount paid for will be the number of metric short tons of hot-mix asphalt mixture used in the accepted work. Weigh hot-mix asphalt mixture after mixing, and no separate payment will be made for weight of asphalt SECTION 32 12 16 Page 4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networki
23、ng permitted without license from IHS-,-,-cement material incorporated herein.1.1.2 Basis of Payment*NOTE: Delete the first paragraph if the asphalt paving will be bid as part of a lump-sum procurement. For lump-sum payment, include prescriptive unit price based on the Government estimate. Delete th
24、e second paragraph if the asphalt paving will be bid as unit price item. Lump-sum contracts should not be used when the job exceeds 1000 metric tons (tons).*Quantities of hot-mix asphalt mixtures, determined as specified above, will be paid for at respective contract unit prices or at reduced prices
25、 adjusted in accordance with paragraphs MATERIAL ACCEPTANCE and PERCENT PAYMENT. Payment will constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment, plant, and tools; and for all labor and other incidentals necessary to complete work required by this section of the specification.The m
26、easured quantity of hot-mix asphalt will be paid for and included in the lump-sum contract price. Payment will constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment, plant, and tools; and for all labor and other incidentals necessary to complete work required by this section of the sp
27、ecification. If less than 100 percent payment is due based on the pay factors stipulated in paragraphs MATERIAL ACCEPTANCE and PERCENT PAYMENT, use a unit price of _ per metric short ton for purposes of calculating the payment reduction.1.1.3 Percent Payment*NOTE: and pay. On critical projects, it i
28、s recommended that testing for pay be changed to a QA responsibility and an independent material testing company be hired by the Government to provide the testing for pay.The basis of pay testing program includes material tests to determine laboratory air voids and in-place density, which are needed
29、 to determine percent payment.*When a lot of material fails to meet the specification requirements for 100 percent pay as outlined in the following paragraphs, that lot shall be removed and replaced, or accepted at a reduced price which will be computed by multiplying the unit price by the lots pay
30、factor. The lot pay factor is determined by taking the lowest computed pay factor based on either laboratory air voids, in-place density, grade or smoothness (each discussed below). At the end of the project, an average of all lot pay factors will be calculated. If this average lot pay factor equals
31、 or exceeds 95.0 percent, and no individual lot has a pay factor less than 75.1 percent, then the percent payment for the entire project will be 100 percent of the unit bid price. If the average lot pay factor is less than 95.0 percent, then each lot will be paid for at the unit price multiplied by
32、the lots pay factor. For any lots which are less than 2000 metric 2000 short tons, a weighted lot pay factor will be used to calculate the average lot pay SECTION 32 12 16 Page 5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-factor.1.1.4 Laboratory
33、Air Voids and Theoretical Maximum DensityLaboratory air voids will be calculated by determining the Marshall or Superpave density of each lab compacted specimen using the laboratory-prepared, thoroughly dry method of ASTM D 2726 and determining the theoretical maximum density of every other sublot s
34、ample using ASTM D 2041. Laboratory air void calculations for each sublot will use the latest theoretical maximum density values obtained, either for that sublot or the previous sublot. The mean absolute deviation of the four laboratory air void contents (one from each sublot) from the JMF air void
35、content will be evaluated and a pay factor determined from Table 1. All laboratory air void tests will be completed and reported within 24 hours after completion of construction of each lot.1.1.5 Mean Absolute DeviationAn example of the computation of mean absolute deviation for laboratory air voids
36、 is as follows: Assume that the laboratory air voids are determined from 4 random samples of a lot (where 3 specimens were compacted from each sample). The average laboratory air voids for each sublot sample are determined to be 3.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 3.7. Assume that the target air voids from the JMF i
37、s 4.0. The mean absolute deviation is then:Mean Absolute Deviation = (|3.5 - 4.0| + |3.0 - 4.0| + |4.0 - 4.0| + |3.7 - 4.0|/4= (0.5 + 1.0 + 0.0 + 0.3)/4 = (1.8)/4 = 0.45The mean absolute deviation for laboratory air voids is determined to be 0.45. It can be seen from Table 1 that the lots pay factor
38、 based on laboratory air voids, is 100 percent.Table 1. Pay Factor Based on Laboratory Air VoidsMean Absolute Deviation of Lab Air Voids from JMF Pay Factor, %O.60 or less 1000.61 - 0.80 980.81 - 1.00 951.01 - 1.20 90Above 1.20 reject (0)1.1.6 In-place Density*NOTE: Designer should edit paragraph be
39、low if asphalt layers are required to be one inch or less.*For determining in-place density, one random core (100 mm 4 inches or 150 mm6 inches in diameter) will be taken by the Government from the mat (interior of the lane) of each sublot, and one random core will be taken from the joint (immediate
40、ly over joint) of each sublot. Each random core will be full thickness of the layer being placed. When the random core is less than 25 mm 1 inch thick, it will not be included in the analysis. In this case, another random core will be taken. After air drying to a constant weight, cores obtained from
41、 the mat and from the joints will be used for in-place density determination.SECTION 32 12 16 Page 6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1.1.7 Mat and Joint DensitiesThe average in-place mat and joint densities are expressed as a percentag
42、e of the average TMD for the lot. The TMD for each lot will be determined as the average TMD of the two random samples per lot. The average in-place mat density and joint density for a lot are determined and compared with Table 2 to calculate a single pay factor per lot based on in-place density, as
43、 described below. First, a pay factor for both mat density and joint density are determined from Table 2. The area associated with the joint is then determined and will be considered to be 1.5 m 5 feet wide times the length of completed longitudinal construction joint in the lot. This area will not
44、exceed the total lot size. The length of joint to be considered will be that length where a new lane has been placed against an adjacent lane of hot-mix asphalt pavement, either an adjacent freshly paved lane or one paved at any time previously. The area associated with the joint is expressed as a percentage of the total lot area. A weighted pay factor for the joint is determined based on this percentage (see example below). The pay factor for mat density and the weighted pay factor for joint d
