1、 ANSI/ASA S3.46-2013 (Revision of ANSI S3.46-1997) (Editorially Corrected and Republished September 2014) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods of Measurement of Real-Ear Performance Characteristics of Hearing Aids Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society
2、 of America 1305 Walt Whitman Road, Suite 300 Melville, NY 11747ANSI/ASAS3.46-2013 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Ac
3、oustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S3.46-2013 (Revision of ANSI S3.46-1997) (Editorially Corrected and Republished September 2014) Ameri
4、can National Standard Methods of Measurement of Real-Ear Performance Characteristics of Hearing Aids Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved on August 12, 2013 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This Standard provides definitions for terms used in the measurement of
5、 real-ear performance characteristics of hearing aids, provides procedural and reporting guidelines, and identifies essential characteristics to be reported by the manufacturer of equipment used for this purpose. Acceptable tolerances for the control and measurement of sound pressure levels are indi
6、cated. Where possible, sources of error have been identified and suggestions provided for their management. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Sh
7、ock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the
8、Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumer
9、s, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organ
10、ization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication
11、 and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected intere
12、sts. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their exist
13、ence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time.
14、The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 1305 Walt Whitman Road, Suite 300 Melville, New York 11747 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 923-
15、2875 E-mail: asastdsacousticalsociety.org 2013 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior writt
16、en permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope, purpose, and applications . 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Applications 1 2 Normative refe
17、rences 1 3 Definition of terms 2 3.1 Definition of terms relating to the sound field . 2 3.2 Definition of terms relating to the subject . 4 3.3 Definition of terms relating to the stimulus . 4 3.4 Definition of terms relating to measurement and analysis . 6 4 Test equipment 7 4.1 Introduction . 7 4
18、.2 Test space 7 4.3 Sound-field source . 8 4.4 Equipment for the measurement of SPL or BSPL . 9 5 Test conditions . 10 5.1 Reporting of test parameters 10 5.2 Ambient conditions . 11 5.3 Choice of test point 11 5.4 Location of the operator . 11 5.5 Location of the subject . 11 5.6 Location of the he
19、aring aid . 11 5.7 Operating conditions for the hearing aid 11 6 Recommended measurement procedures 12 6.1 Calibration 12 6.2 Inspection of the ear canal . 12 6.3 Equalization 12 6.4 Choice of stimulus level . 13 6.5 Choice of measurement point 13 6.6 Real-ear unaided response (REUR) or real-ear una
20、ided gain (REUG) . 13 6.7 Real-ear occluded response (REOR) or real-ear occluded gain (REOG) . 14 6.8 Real-ear aided response (REAR) or real-ear aided gain (REAG) . 14 6.9 Real-ear insertion gain (REIG) . 15 6.10 Real-ear to coupler difference (RECD) 15 6.11 Real-ear to dial difference (REDD) 15 (In
21、formative) Characteristics of acoustic stimuli . 17 Annex AA.1 Introduction . 17 A.2 Narrow-band stimuli . 17 A.3 Pure tones 17 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iiA.4 Warble tones 17 A.5 Narrow-band noise . 17 A.6 Tone burst 18 A.7 Broad-band stimuli . 18 A.8 Pseudo-random nois
22、e 18 A.9 Chirp . 18 A.10 Click 19 A.11 Maximum length sequence 19 A.12 Random noise 19 A.13 Speech-like . 19 (Informative) Locating the probe microphone sound inlet at the measurement point 20 Annex BB.1 Introduction . 20 B.2 Visually assisted positioning 20 B.3 Acoustically assisted positioning 20
23、B.4 Acoustical positioning . 21 B.5 Geometrical positioning 21 (Informative) Issues in RECD measurement and application 22 Annex CC.1 Introduction . 22 C.2 Influence of the coupled sound source 22 C.3 Estimating ear canal SPL produced by a hearing aid 25 C.4 Adjusting an HL audiogram obtained with a
24、n insert earphone and a standard eartip . 27 C.5 Correcting an HL audiogram obtained with an insert earphone and a custom earmold 28 Bibliography . 30 Figures Figure 1 Subject and sound source references 3 Figure C.1 Computer-simulated ECLD for an average adult ear 24 Figure C.2 Computer-simulated E
25、CLD for an average 3-month-old childs ear 24 Figure C.3 Computer-simulated error in estimating SPL in an average adult ear 26 Figure C.4 Computer-simulated error in estimating SPL in average 3-month-old childs ear . 27 Figure C.5 Computer-simulated HL correction for average 3-month-old childs ear .
26、29 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iiiForeword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S3.46-2013 American National Standard Methods of Measurement of Real-Ear Performance Characteristics of Hearing Aids. This Standard
27、 was developed under the jurisdiction of Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, which has the following scope: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics whic
28、h pertain to biological safety, tolerance and comfort. This standard is a revision of ANSI S3.46-1997, which has been technically revised. Changes in this edition include an expansion of the scope to include measurement of certain acoustic properties of the ear which are related to hearing aid fitti
29、ng. Major non-editorial changes in this edition include: Scope. This standard covers the terminology, procedures and essential equipment characteristics for the measurement of the acoustic output and acoustic gain of hearing aids, coupled to human ears, in a variety of acoustic environments and for
30、the measurement of certain acoustic properties of the ear related to the application of hearing aids. 3.1.4 coupled sound source. An earphone or hearing aid receiver and any tubing used to couple its acoustic output, without leakage, to the ear canal or the cavity in a coupler. 3.3.6 long-term avera
31、ge speech spectrum. The sound pressure level in contiguous 1/3 octave bands measured over the duration of a speech sample. Abbreviation, LTASS. 3.4.6 real-ear aided response. The following note was added to the definition: “NOTE The term Real-Ear Saturation Response (RESR) has sometimes been used fo
32、r the REAR with a stimulus SPL of 85 or 90 dB. The use of this term is deprecated in favor of REAR85 or REAR90.” 3.4.10 real-ear to coupler difference. Difference in decibels, as a function of frequency, between the SPL produced near the tympanic membrane in an occluded ear canal by a coupled sound
33、source having a high acoustic impedance and that produced in the HA-1 configuration of the 2 cm3 earphone coupler by the same coupled sound source. Abbreviation, RECD. 3.4.11 real-ear to dial difference. Difference in decibels, as a function of frequency, between the SPL produced near the tympanic m
34、embrane by an audiometric sound source and the hearing level indicated by the audiometer driving the sound source. Abbreviation, REDD. 4.3.2 For a speech-like stimulus, report the SPL and the bandwidth over which it is determined, the LTASS and, if digitized, the sampling rate and number of bits. If
35、 standardized or commercially available, report the source and identifying information. If the speech has been modified by other than linear filtering, provide a description of the processing or a reference where it can be found. 6.10 Real-ear to coupler difference method 6.11 Real-ear to dial diffe
36、rence method 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iv Annex A: Descriptions added for Tone burst and Speech-like stimuli. International Speech Test Signal recommended as speech-like test stimulus. Annex C Issues in RECD measurement and application added. This standard was editoriall
37、y corrected and republished in September 2014 after discovery of a typographical error in the explanation following Equation (C.1) in Clause C.2 The definitions for Zscand Zsehad been inadvertently transposed and are corrected in this edition. The 1997 edition of ANSI S3.46 was the basis for IEC sta
38、ndard 61669-2001: Equipment for the measurement of real-ear acoustical characteristics of hearing aids and ISO 12124-2001: Procedures for the measurement of real-ear acoustical characteristics of hearing aids. Taken together, these standards are comparable to ANSI/ASA S3.46. These standards are curr
39、ently being combined and revised and are expected to remain comparable to this revision of ANSI/ASA S3.46. At the time this standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, for approval, the membership was as follows: C.J. Struck, Chair G.J. Frye, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, S
40、ecretary Acoustical Society of America . C.J. Struck . M.D. Burkhard (Alt.) American Academy of Audiology . .D. Ostergren S. Gordon-Salant (Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inc. .R.A. Dobie L.A. Michael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association T.K. Madison D. Dr
41、iscoll (Alt.) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) . L.A. Wilber S. Travers (Alt.) Beltone/GN Resound . S. Petrovic Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) . L.D. Hager ETS Lindgren Acoustic Systems . S. Dunlap D. Winker (Alt.) Etymotic Research, Inc. .
42、M.C. Killion . J.K. Stewart (Alt.) Food and Drug Administration . S-C Peng Frye Electronics, Inc. G.J. Frye . K.E. Frye (Alt.) 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved vG.R.A.S. Sound FAX: 631-923-2875; E-mail: asastdsacousticalsociety.org. 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights
43、 reserved viiIntroduction The performance characteristics of hearing aids in real ears can differ significantly from those determined in accordance with standards such as ANSI/ASA S3.22-2009 and ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 because of differing acoustic input and loading conditions presented by individual re
44、al ears. Measuring methods that take into account the acoustic coupling and the influence of the individual wearer on the acoustic signal and the performance of hearing aids are therefore important in the fitting of these devices. Such measurement methods have come to be known as “real-ear measureme
45、nts“ and are sometimes performed clinically in less-than-ideal acoustic environments. The accuracy and repeatability of measurements made under such conditions are complex functions of sound-field uniformity, the nature of the stimulus and background noise, the hearing aid under evaluation, the meth
46、od of stimulus control, the location of the sound source, the nature of the data acquisition, analysis and presentation, and the degree of subject movement permitted. This standard addresses these issues by providing terminology for procedures and equipment, by recommending measurement methods and r
47、eporting requirements, and by identifying key equipment parameters and acceptable tolerances. NOTE Throughout this standard, the term “real ear“ is used to emphasize the fact that these measurements are made in the ear canal of a human subject. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S3.46-2013 2013 Aco
48、ustical Society of America All rights reserved 1American National Standard Methods of Measurement of Real-Ear Performance Characteristics of Hearing Aids 1 Scope, purpose, and applications 1.1 Scope This standard covers the terminology, procedures and essential equipment characteristics for the meas
49、urement of the acoustic output and acoustic gain of hearing aids, coupled to human ears, in a variety of acoustic environments and for the measurement of certain acoustic properties of the ear related to the application of hearing aids. These measurements can be divided into two classes: a) direct measures of sound pressure level (SPL), and b) insertion measurements. Direct measures (previously called in situ measurements) report SPL developed in an ear canal, with or without a hearing aid in place and are expressed as dB
