1、 GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 190 ASPHALT MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION, ACCELERATED TESTING, AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE 2009 GEOHUNAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEAugust 36, 2009 Changsha, Hunan, China HOSTED BY Changsha University of Science and Technology, China CO-SPONSO
2、RED BY ASCE Geo-Institute, USA Asphalt Institute, USA Central South University, China Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering, Taiwan Chongqing Jiaotong University, China Deep Foundation Institute, USA Federal Highway Administration, USA Hunan University, China International Society for Asphalt Pave
3、ments, USA Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, China Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korea Korean Society of Road Engineers, Korea Texas Department of Transportation, USA Texas Transportation Institute, USA Transportation Research Board (TRB), USA EDITED BY Lubinda F. Walubita, Ph
4、.D. Louw du Plessis, Ph.D. Shin-Che Huang, Ph.D. Geoffrey S. Simate Zhaohui Liu, Ph.D. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Asphalt material characterization, accelerated testing, and construction management : selected papers from th
5、e 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, August 3-6, 2009, Changsha, Hunan, China / hosted by Changsha University of Science and Technology, China ; co-sponsored by ASCE Geo-Institute, USA et al. ; edited by Lubinda F. Walubita et al. p. cm. - (Geotechnical special publication ; no. 190) Includes b
6、ibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-0-7844-1042-4 1. Pavements, Asphalt-Testing-Congresses. 2. Pavements, Asphalt concrete-Testing-Congresses. 3. Pavements, Asphalt-Design and construction-Congresses. 4. Pavements, Asphalt concrete-Design and construction-Congresses. I. Walubita, Lubinda
7、 F. II. Changsha li gong da xue. III. American Society of Civil Engineers. Geo-Institute. IV. GeoHunan International Conference on Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation Geotechnics (2009 : Changsha, Hunan Sheng, China) TE270.A765 2009 625.85-dc22 2009022740 Ameri
8、can Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4400 www.pubs.asce.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No
9、reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in
10、purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in thi
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13、ons/requests/). Requests for 100 copies or more should be submitted to the Reprints Department, Publications Division, ASCE, (address above); email: permissionsasce.org. A reprint order form can be found at http:/pubs.asce.org/support/reprints/. Copyright 2009 by the American Society of Civil Engine
14、ers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-1042-4 Manufactured in the United States of America. Geotechnical Special Publications 1 Terzaghi Lectures 2 Geotechnical Aspects of Stiff and Hard Clays 3 Landslide Dams: Processes, Risk, and Mitigation 7 Timber Bulkheads 9 Foundations held from August 3rdt
15、o 6th, 2009 in Hunan, China. The book addresses a variety of issues in pavement engineering, along with the latest research advances in various areas including materials, design, testing, and, highway construction. Topics covered in the book proceedings include: (1) Asphalt Binder and Mixture Charac
16、terization, (2) Recycled Asphalt Materials and Pavements, (3) Accelerated Testing of Pavement Structures and Materials, (4) Economic and Management of Highway Construction, and (5) Embankment Stabilization and Tunnelling. In particular, the data/information contained in this GSP book will be found v
17、aluable to all those involved in the fields of Pavement and Geotechnical Engineering. Acknowledgments Bhaven Naik, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, NE, USA. Joeng Oh, PhD, Texas Transportation Institute , TX, USA. Joseph S. Mayunga, PhD, ARDHI University, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania Sheng Hu, PhD, Tex
18、as Transportation Institute, TX, USA Sihle Ndlovu, SiRaL Consulting Engineers Ltd, JHB, South Africa. Tao-ming Cheng, PhD, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan. Xiaodi Hu, PhD, Texas Transportation Institute, TX, USA. viiThis page intentionally left blank Contents Asphalt Binder and M
19、ixture Characterization Effects of Magnesium Hydroxide on Asphalt Pyrolytic Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis.1 Tao Xu and Xiaoming Huang Research on Rheological Performance of SBS Modified Asphalt at Low Temperature.9 Liping Cao, Zejiao Dong, and Yiqiu Tan Laboratory Performance Evaluation on Po
20、lymer Modified Porous Asphalt Concrete15 Xin Qiu, Winggun Wong, and Changbin Hu Laboratory Study of Porous Asphalt Mixture Made with Rubber Bitumen22 Jun Yang and Chaoen Yin Research on Permanent Deformation Property of Asphalt Mixture with Varying Temperature.32 Liping Cao, Lijun Sun, and Zejiao Do
21、ng Rutting in Asphalt Pavement under Heavy Load and High Temperature39 Qi-sen Zhang, Yu-liang Chen, and Xue-lian Li Recycled Asphalt Materials and Pavements Development of Asphalt Emulsion Cold In-Place Recycling Specifications .49 Jinhai Yan, Fujian Ni, Zhuohui Tao, and Jonathan Jia Accelerated Tes
22、ting of Pavement Structures and Materials Mechanical Properties of Concrete Pavement with Different Isolation Layers on Lean Concrete Base 56 Yu-liang Chen, Xue-lian Li, Qi-sen Zhang, and Zhi-gang Zhou Evaluation of the Compaction Characteristics of Unbound Material Using the Superpave Gyratory Comp
23、actor .65 Nicholas Lambert, Kyle Denny, Beena Sukumaran, and Yusuf Mehta Preliminary Design of Testing Segment for Accelerated Loading Facility Based on Finite Element Simulation Analysis .72 Zejiao Dong, Yiqiu Tan, and Fengchen Chen Backcalculation of Anisotropic Pavement Properties Using Time Hist
24、ory of Embedded Gauge Readings 79 Eyal Levenberg Provisional Results from Accelerated Testing of Ultra Thin-Layer Reinforced Concrete in South Africa86 L. du Plessis, P. J. Strauss, and A. Kilian ixEvaluation of the Effect of Tire Loads with Different Contact Stress Patterns on Asphalt Rutting .98 W
25、. J. vdM. Steyn Test Study on Abrasion of Skid-Resistant Textures on Concrete Pavements .107 Yu Chen and Qisen Zhang Economy and Management of Highway Engineering Theory and Application of Total Project Management.116 Jianbo Yuan and Qisen Zhang Decision-Making Model of Highway Route Plan Based on E
26、ntropy and Entropy Weight Theory127 Yingxue Zhang, Chunhua Han, and Qisen Zhang Application of GIS to Freeway Management System .133 Xiaoge Tian Highway Bridge Construction Process Simulation Base on 4D Visualization138 ChengHan Zhou and WeiDong Wang On the Construction Organization Design for the W
27、idening of Expressways146 Qingbo Li, Guanqun Lu, and Xiaohong Fu Application of the Agent Construction System Management Mode of Government Investment Highway Project 153 Yingxue Zhang and Qisen Zhang Economical Risk Analysis Model and Intelligent Optimization Methods Study of the Soil Slope Based o
28、n the Reliability.159 Shi-jiao Yang, Sheng Zeng, and Hai-fei Yang A Study of the Cost Analysis of the Porous Pavement on a Freeway 166Chien-Ta Chen, Ching-Tsung Hung, Ming-Chen Yeh, and Jyh-Dong Lin A Correlation Study of the Existing Bridges for Failure AnalysisCase Study of Taichung County173 Tung
29、-Tsan Chen, Yao T. Hsu, and Chun-Yuan Wang Embankment Stabilization and Tunnelling Application of Air Foam Stabilized Soil for Bridge-Embankment Transition Zone in Thailand 181 Pichit Jamnongpipatkul, Montri Dechasakulsom, and Jiraroth Sukolrat Simulation of NATM Tunneling Construction in Gravel For
30、mationLessons Learned from Pakuashan Highway Tunnel Project in Taiwan 19 4Chih-tsang Lin, Wen-ta Hsiao, Tao-ming Cheng, and Hsien-tang Wu Indexes Author Index.203 Subject Index205 xEffects of Magnesium Hydroxide on Asphalt Pyrolytic Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis Xu Tao1 and Huang Xiaoming21Gr
31、aduate Research Assistant, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China; 2Professor, PhD, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China; Abstract: Thermogravimetry experiments and thermal analysis kinetics are used to analyze the effects of magnesium hydroxide on asphalt pyrol
32、ysis characteristics. The pyrolysis models are developed based on experiments to evaluate the flame-retarded mechanism of magnesium hydroxide to asphalt. The results indicate that asphalt pyrolysis process in N2is a single stage, and presents unimodal character in DTG curves. Owing to endothermic de
33、composition and crystal water release of magnesium hydroxide, the temperature rise of asphalt is inhibited. Pyrolysis of SBS modified asphalt follows a one-dimensional pyrolysis mechanism model, but flame-retarded SBS modified asphalt follows a three-dimensional pyrolysis mechanism model. After addi
34、ng magnesium hydroxide, asphalt pyrolysis kinetics parameters are raised and become available to decrease reactive activity and rate. Based on this study, it is obvious that the thermal stability of asphalt is improved by magnesium hydroxide under high temperatures. Equally, the flame-retarded perfo
35、rmance of asphalt is also enhanced by using magnesium hydroxide. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of highway construction in China, more and more road tunnels are being built. Compared with concrete pavements, asphalt pavement has some advantages. The asphalt pavement is getting applied incre
36、asingly in large scale road tunnels. However, due to asphalt pyrolysis and combustion under tunnel fires, massive poisons and smoke are released that result in serious secondary disasters. All these bring great difficulties for personnel escape and fire rescue. So, studies on flame-retarded asphalt
37、pavements in tunnels is increasingly becoming an issue of great concern (1). Because of the asphalt flammability, the usage of flame retardants in asphalt pavement has potentials to decrease fire accidents in tunnels (2). Currently, the method is to add various flame retardants into asphalt, such as
38、 organic bromides, antimony trioxide, zinc borate, and so on. However, this leads to the formation of poisons and smoke during tunnel fires (3). In addition, different flame retardants have generally different flame-retardation mechanisms (4). The above flame-retarded asphalt research mainly focused
39、 on asphalt flammability (5). However, the actual asphalt flame-retardation mechanism is seldom regarded. 1Magnesium hydroxide (abbr.MH), as a kind of environmental protection type flame retardant, has some advantages of flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and no pollution. In this work, thermograv
40、imetry (abbr.TG) experiments and thermal analysis kinetics were used to discuss the influence of MH on asphalt pyrolysis characteristics. But also, pyrolysis kinetics parameters are calculated to quantitatively evaluate the flame-retardation effects of MH. Based on the above research, pyrolysis reac
41、tion mechanism of flame-retarded asphalt is developed, and this is helpful to fully understand the flame-retardation mechanism of metal hydroxide in asphalt. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Raw materials SBS modified asphalt is produced by Shell Corporation. The flame retardant, namely MH, is made by Guangzhou
42、Yaxin Chemical Limited Company in China. The flame retardant has some physical properties such as white powder, average particle size of 2.2 to 3.0 m, density of around 2.36g/cm3, non-toxic, competitive price, crystal water content of 31.0%, and flame retardancy characteristics. Sample preparation S
43、BS modified asphalt is put in a stainless steel cup to heat on an electric furnace. When the asphalt is heated up to (170 5) oC, flame retardant powder is added into the hot asphalt in weight percent amounts of 15%, 20% and 25%, respectively. First, stir for 15 minutes at that temperature, then the
44、turbine stirrer (as shown in FIG. 2) is used to stir at the high speed of 5000(rpm) for 30 minutes, and then to stir at a low speed of 500(rpm) for 15 minutes to expel air bubbles from the asphalt. Finally, flame-retarded asphalt is placed in clean vessels. During the asphalt cooling process, hand s
45、tirring is done to prevent segregation. Experimental instrumentations The experiment was on a ThermoGravimetry-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA) made by SETARAM Company of France. The instrumentation has some technology parameters such as a thermo-balance precision of 0.1g, sample weight range
46、of 0 to around 200mg, experimental temperature range of room temperature to around 1600oC, heating rate of 0.01 to 99.99oC /min and experimental temperature precision of 2oC. Temperature control and data acquisition are accomplished automatically by computer on line. Thermogravimetry experiments The
47、 TG experiments are on the TGA-92 type thermal analyzer system. The samples are heated from room temperature to around 700C at 5C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Non-isothermal kinetic experiments are carried out using approximately 10mg of GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 1902flame-retarded SB
48、S modified asphalt (6). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Influence of MH on pyrolysis characteristics of asphalt The depolymerization reaction, the end chain scission, and the random chain breaking, are the main manifestations of asphalt pyrolysis in N2. TG and DTG curves under different flame retardant (MH)
49、doses are shown respectively in FIG.1. 7HPSHUDWXUHR E activation energy, kJmol1; R universal gas constant, kJmol1K1; t time of pyrolysis process, s; T pyrolysis temperature at time t, K; . residue matter mass, kg; f( . ) function related to reaction rate and When constant heating rate is assumed as =dT/dt, equation (1) beco
