1、 Curtain Wall Systems A Primer Prepared by the Committee on Curtain Wall Systems of the Architectural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers Edited by Ali M. Memari , Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 126Library of Congress Cataloging-
2、in-Publication Data Curtain wall systems : a primer / prepared by the Committee on Curtain Wall Systems of the Architectural Engineering Institute of the the American Society of Civil Engineers ; edited by Ali M. Memari, Ph. D., P.E. pages cm ISBN 978-0-7844-1270-1 (print : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-78
3、44-7768-7 (e-book) ISBN 978-0-7844-7769-4 (e-book) 1. Curtain walls. I. Memari, Ali M. II. Architectural Engineering Institute. Committee on Curtain Wall Systems. TH2238.C87 2013 690.12dc23 2013020057 Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia 20191 w
4、ww.asce.org/pubs Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specifi c method, product, process, or servic
5、e constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifi cations, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal documen
6、t. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. This information should not be us
7、ed without fi rst securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specifi c application. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. ASCE and American Society of Civil
8、EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Offi ce. Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be obtained by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.org or by locating a title in ASCE s online database ( http:/cedb.asce.org ) and using t
9、he “Permission to Reuse” link. Bulk reprints. Information regarding reprints of 100 or more copies is available at http:/www.asce.org/reprints . Copyright 2013 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-1270-1 (paper) ISBN 978-0-7844-7768-7 (PDF) Manufactured in
10、 the United States of America. MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE (As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982) A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of facts on a particular subjec
11、t, supplemented by an analysis of limitations and applications of these facts. It contains information useful to the average engineer in his or her everyday work, rather than fi ndings that may be useful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “stan-dard,” however; nor is it so element
12、ary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule of thumb” for nonengineers. Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which expresses only one person s observations or opinions), is the work of a committee or group selected to assemble and express information on a specifi c topic
13、. As often as practicable the committee is under the direction of one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the product evolved has been subjected to review by the Executive Committee of the Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposed manuscripts are often b
14、rought before the members of the Technical Divi-sions and Councils for comment, which may serve as the basis for improve-ment. When published, each work shows the names of the committees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the several processes through which it has passed in review, so th
15、at its merit may be defi nitely understood. In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982), the Board of Direction voted to establish a series titled “Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice,” to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, future Manuals of Professional Practice, and Rep
16、orts on Engineering Practice. All such Manual or Report material of the Society would have been ref-ereed in a manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and would be bound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals. Numbering would be consecutive and would be a contin
17、uation of present Manual numbers. In some cases of joint committee reports, bypassing of Journal publications may be authorized. MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE No. Title28 Hydrology Handbook, Second Edition45 How to Select and Work Effectively with Consulting Enginee
18、rs: Getting the Best Project, 2012 Edition50 Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbors, Revised Edition54 Sedimentation Engineering, Classic Edition60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, Second Edition62 Existing Sewer Evaluation and Rehabilitation, Third Edition66 Structura
19、l Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings and Structures71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management, Second Edition73 Quality in the Constructed Project: A Guide for Owners, Designers, and Constructors, Third Edition74 Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structura
20、l Loading, Third Edition77 Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems81 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation, Second Edition85 Quality of Ground Water: Guidelines for Selection and Application of Frequently Used Models91 Design of Guyed Electrical Transmission St
21、ructures92 Manhole Inspection and Rehabilitation, Second Edition94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, and Channels96 Guide to Improved Earthquake Performance of Electric Power Systems97 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts and Practice98 Conveyance of Residuals from Water and Wastewater Treatment99 Environment
22、al Site Characterization and Remediation Design Guidance100 Groundwater Contamination by Organic Pollutants: Analysis and Remediation101 Underwater Investigation: Standard Practice ManualNo. Title102 Design Guide for FRP Composite Connections103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining Great Civil Engineers104
23、 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products for Overhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment in Lagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel Design and Operation, Revised Edition108 Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling109
24、Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants110 Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice111 Reliability-Based Design of Utility Pole Structures112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substation Structure Design Guide114 Performance-Based Design o
25、f Structural Steel for Fire Conditions: A Calculation Methodology115 Pipe Ramming Projects116 Navigation Engineering Practice and Ethical Standards117 Inspecting Pipeline Installation118 Belowground Pipeline Networks for Utility Cables119 Buried Flexible Steel Pipe: Design and Structural Analysis120
26、 Trenchless Renewal of Culverts and Storm Sewers121 Safe Operation and Maintenance of Dry Dock Facilities122 Sediment Dynamics upon Dam Removal123 Prestressed Concrete Transmission Pole Structures: Recommended Practice for Design and Installation124 Inland Navigation: Channel Training Works125 Pipel
27、ines for Water Conveyance and Drainage126 Curtain-Wall Systems: A PrimerBLUE RIBBON REVIEW PANEL Raphael A. Yunk, LEED AP, P.E., M.ASCE, Professor, Architectural Engi-neering and Construction Science, Kansas State University Adam W. Hapij, P.E., A.M.ASCE, Senior Associate, Weidlinger Associ-ates, In
28、c. Mark A. McAfee, P.E., Vice President and Principal, Dudley Williams and Associates COMMITTEE ON CURTAIN-WALL SYSTEMS Chair Ali M. Memari, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCEVice Chair Dudley G. McFarquhar, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCEMembers Gary W. Brown, P.E., M.ASCECharles D. Clift, P.E., F.ASCENicolangelo Cuoco, P.E.
29、, S.E., M.ASCERick De La Guardia, M.ASCEMohammed M. Ettouney, Ph.D., D.Sc., P.E., Dist.M.ASCEStephen L. Fisher, P.E., S.E., M.ASCEDavid E. Green, AIAFaron A. Morris, P.E., M.ASCEDemetrios G. Stathopoulos, P.E., M.ASCEWimal Suaris, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCEvThis page intentionally left blank viiCONTENTSPRE
30、FACE . ix1 INTRODUCTION 1Faron A. Morris2 DEFINITION AND TYPES OF CURTAIN WALLS . 3Faron A. Morris3 MATERIALS AND CONFIGURATIONS 8Dudley G. McFarquhar4 TESTING MOCKUPS AND FIELD INSPECTION . 33Dudley G. McFarquhar5 DESIGN OF CURTAIN WALLS FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE 56Faron A. Morris6 WATERPROOFING DESIG
31、N OF CURTAIN WALLS . 73Gary W. Brown7 DESIGN OF CURTAIN WALLS FOR WIND LOAD 87Charles D. Clift and Noah Bonnheim8 DESIGN OF CURTAIN WALLS FOR EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LOADS AND DRIFTS 105Ali M. Memari9 DESIGN OF CURTAIN WALLS TO RESIST IMPACT AND BLAST 129Mohammad M. Ettouney10 INNOVATIVE FAADE DESIGN AND
32、 PRODUCTS 154Wilfried Laufs and Erik Verboonviii CONTENTS11 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CURTAIN WALL AND GLAZING SYSTEMS . 194Ali M. Memari12 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 210Ali M. MemariINDEX 215ixPREFACE As the trend in building envelope system design moves toward signifi -cantly more transparent elements inst
33、ead of opaque systems, the role of architectural glass is becoming more important than it once was in tradi-tional window and curtain wall systems. Expectations of today s curtain walls that use architectural glass or other glazing products exceed the basic functions of providing natural lighting an
34、d protecting the interior from environmental effects such as wind and rain. Curtain wall systems are now expected to conserve energy, provide occupant comfort by con-trolling heat fl ow and solar radiation, and, in some cases, even convert solar energy to electricity. Last but not least, curtain wal
35、l systems are expected to perform acceptably when exposed to natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and man-made hazards such as explosions and blasts. As these functions imply, depending on the application, proper design, fabrication, construction, and maintenance of advanced and effi -
36、cient curtain wall systems demand involvement of professionals from several fi elds of engineering and building technology. Design of building envelope systems in general and curtain wall systems in particular is not part of the curricula in architecture, architec-tural engineering, and civil engine
37、ering programs. The professionals whose work involves design, fabrication, and construction of such systems likely receive their training on the job and learn the fundamentals and design principles through experience of working on various projects. Few books and guidelines specifi cally address most
38、 major aspects of interest in glass curtain wall systems. The main goal of this book is to provide one such reference for beginners with no prior knowledge of curtain wall systems. The book is considered a primer because it does not treat the various subjects discussed at great depth. This book s ch
39、apters provide an introduction to several topics related to curtain wall and glazing systems, including material properties; manufacture, fabrication, and con-struction methods; various loading types and testing methods; design x PREFACEmethodologies with respect to wind, seismic, and blast; buildin
40、g physics with respect to waterproofi ng and energy effi ciency; and some technologi-cal innovations and new developments in glazing systems and design, and construction of complex forms. This book can help design professionals to better understand not only many aspects of curtain wall systems but a
41、lso how such systems may affect other building systems they work with. The book can also help with more effi cient design of building structural and envelope systems. The book is deemed appropriate as a textbook for students in civil and archi-tectural engineering and architecture programs and also
42、as a reference for building owners, architects, engineers, fabricators, contractors, and build-ing code offi cials. 1CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Faron A. Morris The architectural appeal of glass comes from its most obvious proper-tieslight refl ectance and transmittance. In daylight, glass refl ects its
43、surroundings. On a high-rise tower blue sky is seen refl ected on a clear sunny day, clouds on an overcast day, and lit offi ces at night. Glass gets your attention. The dynamic, always-changing appearance of a glass-clad tower is not possible with any other building material. Light transmission all
44、ows natural indoor lighting and a view from inside the building, pro-viding a closer connection to the natural outdoor environment. Refl ec-tance and transmittanceproperties unique to glasshave increased its popularity and use in multistory construction. The wall of glass seen in high-rise construct
45、ion is a sophisticated manu-factured product called curtain wall. Separating and moderating the inte-rior building environment is its primary function. As an environmental separator it must keep out air and water; reduce heat loss in cold weather and reduce solar heat gain in warm weather; safely su
46、pport wind loads, which become signifi cant on high-rise buildings; accommodate thermal movement due to temperature fl uctuations throughout the day and changing seasons; and accommodate building interstory movements caused by wind, live, and seismic loads. In certain geographical locations, extreme
47、 events require special design consideration for impact forces from fl ying debris in hurricane winds or large interstory movements caused by seismic events. Other special design considerations include reducing fi re spread from fl oor to fl oor or across a fl oor at the structural slab edge and pre
48、venting injury to occupants from a blast event. This primer will highlight the materials used in the manufacture of curtain wall in high-rise construction and discuss specialized aspects of curtain wall design and analysis for extreme events such as earthquakes 2 CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMSand bomb blasts.
49、 This information is not readily available because the curtain wall industry is relatively young compared with other well stan-dardized construction industries such as structural steel, timber, and con-crete. Material-specifi c information is spread across the glazing, sealant, plastic, and aluminum extrusion industries and is not generally taught in college or university courses, though in recent years architectural engi-neering programs are focusing more on building science and c
