1、 A Practical Guide to Noise and Vibration Control for HVAC SystemsFront.book Page i Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in e
2、ither print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.The first edition of this book was prepared under ASHRAE Research Project RP-526, sponsored by TC 2.6, Sound and Vibration. ABOUT THE AUTHORMark E. Schaffer, PE, Member ASHRAE, is president of Schaffer Acoustics In
3、c., a southern California acoustical consulting and testing firm. He has been an acous-tical consultant for 34 years and an HVAC subcontractor for 5 years. He is an active member of ASHRAE Technical Committee 2.6, Sound and Vibration, and a co-presenter of the ASHRAE Professional Development Seminar
4、 on HVAC noise and vibration control. He has participated in the development of ASHRAE Handbookchapters in that area.Updates/errata for this publication will be posted on the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/publicationupdates.Front.book Page ii Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society
5、of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
6、Conditioning Engineers, Inc.A Practical Guide to Noise and Vibration Control for HVAC SystemsS ECOND EDITIONMark E. SchafferRP-526Front.book Page iii Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use
7、 only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ISBN 978-1-936504-02-2 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 303
8、29www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.First edition 1991; Second edition 2011Printed in the United States of AmericaCover design by Tracy Becker.ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate, any product, service
9、, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. The appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. ASHRAE does not wa
10、rrant that the information in the publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with any statement or opinion in this publication. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user.No part of this publication may be reproduced without per
11、mission in writing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit, nor may any part of this publication be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any meanselectronic, photocopying, recor
12、ding, or otherwithout permission in writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permission should be submitted at www.ashrae.org/permissions.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataSchaffer, Mark E., 1949-A practical guide to noise and vibration control for HVAC systems / Mark E. Schaffer. - 2nd ed.
13、p. cm.Includes bibliographical references.Summary: “A guide that presents rules for controlling the noise and vibration of HVAC Systems“-Provided by publisher.ISBN 978-1-936504-02-2 (softcover)1. Heating-Equipment and supplies-Noise. 2. Ventilation-Equipment and supplies-Noise. 3. Air conditioning-E
14、quipment and supplies-Noise. 4. Noise control. I. American Society of Heating, Refriger-ating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. II. Title. TH7015.S33 2011697-dc222011002509ASHRAE STAFFSPECIAL PUBLICATIONSMark OwenEditor/Group Manager of Handbook and Special PublicationsCindy Sheffield MichaelsManaging
15、 EditorMatt WalkerAssociate EditorElisabeth ParrishAssistant EditorHeather MedlockAssistant EditorMichshell PhillipsEditorial CoordinatorPUBLISHING SERVICESDavid SoltisGroup Manager of Publishing Servicesand Electronic CommunicationsTracy BeckerGraphics SpecialistJayne JacksonPublication Traffic Adm
16、inistratorPUBLISHERW. Stephen ComstockFront.book Page iv Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form
17、 is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ContentsPreface xvAcknowledgments xviiIntroduction xixChapter 1General Design Guidelines 1Chapter 2Airside Equipment 25Chapter 3Water-Side Equipment 73Chapter 4Packaged and Unitary Equipment 89Chapter 5Vibration Isolation 101Chapter 6Specifi
18、cations 117Chapter 7Construction Phase Tasks 125Chapter 8Troubleshooting Noise and Vibration Complaints 143Appendix ASome Basics of HVAC Acoustics 167Appendix BAcoustical Rating Systems and Criteria 177Appendix CMeasuring HVAC System Noise 191Appendix DUsing Manufacturers Sound Data 197Appendix EDef
19、initions and Abbreviations 201Appendix FAddresses of Agencies and Associations 207Appendix GBibliography and Selected References 209Front.book Page v Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use
20、 only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Front.book Page vi Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.o
21、rg). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.IllustrationsFIGURESIntroductionA Example of an air-handling unit room with several acoustical problems. xxB Example of an air-
22、handling unit room with optimal acoustical features. xxiiChapter 11-1 Guideline for duct chase, shaft, and enclosure sizing. 41-2 Acoustical comparison of various building core area layouts. 51-3 Guidelines for the preliminary selection of mechanical room walls. 61-4 Sample mechanical penthouse equi
23、pment layout. 71-5 Labyrinth air path used for sound attenuation at an equipment room ventilation opening. 101-6 Upward noise control for mechanical rooms. 101-7 Downward noise control using an auxiliary ceiling. 111-8 Section views through two types of floating floor assemblies. 121-9 Sound transmi
24、ssion at perimeter mechanical rooms. 121-10 Electrical conduit routing into a mechanical room. 131-11 Pipe lagging for noise control. 141-12 Examples of rumbly and quieter parallel fan installations. 151-13 Guidelines for a basement built-up fan system. 161-14 Typical duct silencer arrangement at va
25、ne-axial fan. 17Front.book Page vii Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted wit
26、hout ASHRAEs prior written permission.Illustrations1-15 Reflected and refracted equipment sound at a building perimeter. 181-16 Structural support of rooftop equipment for vibration control. 191-17 Guidelines for mechanical room wall selection. 201-18 Duct and pipe penetrations through walls. 211-19
27、 Plan view of return air shaft with supply duct takeoffs obstructing return airflow. 221-20 Acoustical comparison of several duct chase, shaft, and enclosure constructions. 231-21 Two typical duct laggings. 241-22 Noise control duct enclosure. 24Chapter 22-1 Inlet and discharge octave band LWvalues
28、for a 925 mm plenum fan. 272-2 Sound power level comparison for three types of centrifugal fans. 282-3 Guidelines for centrifugal fan installations. 292-4 Inline fan airflow patterns. 302-5 Cutaway view into a mixed flow fan. 312-6 Inline fan sound power level comparison. 312-7 Guidelines for ducted
29、 axial flow fan installations. 322-8 Guidelines for unducted axial flow fan installations. 332-9 Inlet side of a direct-drive plenum fan. 342-10 Discharge side of a belt-drive plenum fan. 342-11 Power roof ventilators (mushroom fans) mounted on intake duct silencers and roof curbs. 352-12 Mushroom t
30、ype exhaust fan on vibration-isolated roof curb. 362-13 Inlet octave band LWcomparison for three propeller fans. 372-14 Propeller fan with a 12-socket aluminum hub and plastic blades. 372-15 Ultra-low-noise propeller fan with backswept airfoil blades. 382-16 Lined hood for propeller fan noise contro
31、l. 382-17 Vibration isolation suspension for propeller fans. 392-18 Noisy and quiet installations of ceiling-mounted exhaust fans. 392-19 Minimum clearance at AHU and cabinet fan inlet. 412-20 Plenum AHU with supply ducts attached to the top of discharge plenum. 422-21 Cutaway sketch of a plenum fan
32、 air-handling unit. 42Front.book Page viii Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permit
33、ted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.A Practical Guide to Noise and Vibration Control for HVAC Systems2-22 Guidelines for VAV unit installation. 432-23 Laboratory air valve and its “noise flow” directions. 452-24 Good inlet duct connection to a supply air ceiling diffuser. 472-25 Poor inlet
34、duct connection to a supply air ceiling diffuser. 472-26 The effect of installing a damper behind a grille. 482-27 Attenuation for lined and unlined sheet metal ductwork. 492-28 Breakout transmission loss for three types of sheet metal ductwork. 502-29 Guidelines for minimizing regenerated noise in
35、elbows. 522-30 Guidelines for minimizing regenerated noise in takeoffs. 522-31 Guidelines for minimizing regenerated noise in transitions and offsets. 532-32 Guidelines for minimizing regenerated noise in duct tees. 532-33 In-duct attenuation for various duct liner thicknesses. 542-34 The speaking t
36、ube (cross-talk) problem. 552-35 Attenuation of rectangular elbows with and without turning vanes (lined and unlined). 572-36 Attenuation of rectangular and radius elbows (lined and unlined). 572-37 Flexible duct with spunbond nylon inner liner. 582-38 Cutaway view into a dissipative duct silencer.
37、592-39 Cutaway view of a duct silencer with film-lined baffles. 592-40 Cutaway view of a reactive (“packless,” “no-fill,” or “no-media”) duct silencer. 612-41 Cutaway view of an elbow duct silencer. 612-42 In-duct attenuation of duct silencers and lined ductwork. 622-43 Comparative insertion loss of
38、 dissipative, film-lined, and reactive duct silencers. 622-44 Guidelines for duct silencer placement near fans and duct fittings. 632-45 Duct silencer placement near a mechanical room wall. 642-46 General guidelines for sound-attenuating plenum design. 662-47 Acoustical louver cutaway. 662-48 Sound
39、transmission loss of acoustical and weatherproof louvers. 672-49 Acoustical louver in a parking garage ventilation shaft. 672-50 Basis for fan selection in a VAV system. 682-51 Nested inlet vanes obstruct airflow. 702-52 Variable-frequency drive. 70Front.book Page ix Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2
40、011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.IllustrationsChapter 33-1 Wate
41、r-cooled screw chiller with several noise and vibration control treatments. 743-2 ARI-370 LWvalues for a 875 kW air-cooled chiller with and without factory noise reduction options. 753-3 ATC-128 octave band LPvalues at 15 m from the air inlet side of three types of 2800 kW cooling towers. 763-4 ATC-
42、128 octave band LPvalues for cooling towers of the same fabrication series but with fans of different diameters. 773-5 View of “standard” cooling tower induced-draft fan. 783-6 View of an induced-draft fan with wide-chord blades. This fan type can be as much as 12 dBA quieter than a “standard” fan o
43、f the same diameter. 783-7 ATC-128 octave band LPvalues for cooling towers with “standard” and wide-chord fan blades. 793-8 Cooling tower basin with free-falling condenser water. 803-9 Honeycomb water basin silencers installed several centimeters above the water surface. 803-10 Outdoor noise control
44、 barrier installation. 813-11 Close-up view of a sample of a sound-absorbing, outdoor noise barrier panel. 813-12 Low-noise control sequence for a two-cell cooling tower. 823-13 Pump impeller sizing guideline for minimizing the strength of the blade passage frequency tone. 833-14 Proper installation
45、 of an end-suction pump. 843-15 Proper installation of an inline pump. 853-16 Vibration isolation for piping riser. 873-17 Duct and pipe penetrations through walls. 873-18 Sealing pipe penetrations for sound isolation. 88Chapter 44-1 Very noisy rooftop unit installation. 904-2 Moderately noisy rooft
46、op unit installation. 904-3 Moderately quiet rooftop unit installation. 914-4 Quietest rooftop unit installation. 914-5 Guidelines for suspended heat pump units. 944-6 Guidelines for floor-mounted heat pumps. 94Front.book Page x Monday, June 13, 2011 11:25 AM 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrig
47、erating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.A Practical Guide to Noise and Vibration Control for HVAC Systems4-7
48、Small condensing unit noise control. 964-8 Guidelines for fan coil unit installations. 974-9 Guidelines for vibration isolation of split systems. 984-10 Indoor fan coil section of a ductless split system. 984-11 Outdoor condensing unit typically used with ductless split systems; it can also be used with ducted fan coil units. 994-12 Remote radiator for engine-generator sets can be quiet with an oversized, variable-speed cooling fan. 100Chapter 55-1 Elastomeric pads. 1065-2 Elastomeric or compressed fiberglass isolatio
