1、30.1CHAPTER 30THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANTSHIS chapter presents data for thermodynamic and transportTproperties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional user.The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property chart on pressure-enthalpy coordinates with an abbreviated set of tabular data
2、for sat-urated liquid and vapor on the facing page. In addition, tabular datain the superheated vapor region are given for R-134a to assist stu-dents working on compression cycle examples.For each cryogenic fluid, a second table of properties is pro-vided for vapor at a pressure of one standard atmo
3、sphere; these dataare needed when such gases are used in heat transfer or purge gasapplications. For zeotropic blends, including R-729 (air), tables areincremented in pressure, with properties given for liquid on thebubble line and vapor on the dew line. This arrangement is usedbecause pressure is m
4、ore commonly measured in the field whileservicing equipment; it also highlights the difference between bub-ble and dew-point temperatures (the “temperature glide” experi-enced with blends).Most CFC refrigerants have been deleted. Tables for R-11, R-13,R-113, R-114, R-141b, R-142b, R-500, R-502, R-50
5、3, and R-720(neon) may be found in the 1997 ASHRAE HandbookFundamen-tals. R-12 has been retained to assist in making comparisons. Hy-drogen and parahydrogen (R0702 and R-702p) have been deletedfrom this edition; these may be found in the 2009 ASHRAE Hand-bookFundamentals. New tables and diagrams for
6、 R-1234yf andR-1234ze(E) have been added. The formulations conform to inter-national standards, where applicable: thermodynamic properties ofR-12, R-22, R-32, R-123, R-125, R-134a, R-143a, R-152a, R-717(ammonia), and R-744 (carbon dioxide) and refrigerant blendsR-404A, R-407C, R-410A, and R-507 conf
7、orm to ISO Standard17584, Refrigerant Properties.Reference states used for most refrigerants correspond to theAmerican convention of 0 Btu/lb for enthalpy and 0 Btu/lbF forentropy for saturated liquid at 40F. Exceptions are water andfluids with very low critical temperatures (e.g., ethylene, cryo-ge
8、ns).These data are intended to help engineers make preliminarycomparisons among unfamiliar fluids. For greater detail and a widerrange of data, see the sources in the References.Refrigerant Page Refrigerant PageHalocarbon Refrigerants Inorganic RefrigerantsMethane Series R-717 (ammonia) . . . . . .
9、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.38R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 R-718 (water/steam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.40R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 R-744 (carbon dioxi
10、de) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.42R-23 (trifluoromethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6R-32 (difluoromethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 Hydrocarbon RefrigerantsEthane Series R-50 (methane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.44R-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . 30.10 R-170 (ethane). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.46R-124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . 30.12 R-290 (propane) . . . . . . . . . . .
12、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.48R-125 (pentafluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.14 R-600 (n-butane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.50R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.16 R-600a (isobutane)
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.52R-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.20 R-1150 (ethylene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.54R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2
14、2 R-1270 (propylene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.56Propane SeriesR-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane). . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.24 Cryogenic FluidsPropylene Series R-704 (helium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.58R-1234yf (2,3,3
15、,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) . . . . . . . . . . . 30.26 R-728 (nitrogen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.60R-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene). . . . . . . 30.28 R-729 (air). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.62Zeotropi
16、c Blends (% by mass) R-732 (oxygen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.64R-404A R-125/143a/134a (44/52/4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.30 R-740 (argon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.66R-407C R-32/125/134a (23/25/52) . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . 30.32R-410A R-32/125 (50/50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.34 Absorption SolutionsAzeotropic Blends Ammonia/Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.68R-507A R-125/143a (50/50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.36 Water/Lithi
18、um Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.70The preparation of this chapter is assigned to TC 3.1, Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants.30.2 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentalsFig.1Pressure-EnthalpyDiagram for Refrigerant 12PressureThermophysical Properties of Refrigerants 30.3Refr
19、igerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated VaporTemp.,*FPres-sure, psiaDensity,lb/ft3LiquidVolume,ft3/lbVaporEnthalpy,Btu/lbEntropy,Btu/lbFSpecific Heat cp, Btu/lbFcp/cvVaporVel. of Sound,ft/sViscosity,lbm/fthThermal Cond.,Btu/hftFSurface Tension,dyne/cmTemp.,*
20、 FLiquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor150 0.155 105.01 176.84 22.133 60.979 0.06101 0.20738 0.1955 0.1069 1.1831 3412 387.7 2.493 0.0163 0.0678 0.00244 26.65 150140 0.258 104.10 109.67 20.175 62.044 0.05479 0.20241 0.1962 0.1090 1.1795 3329 393.0 2.212 0.0168
21、 0.0663 0.00257 25.77 140130 0.415 103.18 70.398 18.209 63.125 0.04873 0.19798 0.1970 0.1111 1.1764 3247 398.3 1.981 0.0174 0.0647 0.00270 24.90 130120 0.644 102.26 46.615 16.234 64.219 0.04284 0.19402 0.1979 0.1133 1.1736 3166 403.3 1.789 0.0179 0.0633 0.00283 24.03 120110 0.973 101.34 31.744 14.25
22、0 65.326 0.03708 0.19050 0.1989 0.1154 1.1711 3085 408.3 1.626 0.0184 0.0618 0.00296 23.17 110100 1.430 100.41 22.173 12.255 66.444 0.03146 0.18735 0.2000 0.1175 1.1691 3005 413.0 1.487 0.0190 0.0604 0.00310 22.32 10090 2.052 99.48 15.847 10.248 67.571 0.02596 0.18455 0.2013 0.1197 1.1675 2926 417.5
23、 1.366 0.0195 0.0590 0.00323 21.47 9080 2.880 98.54 11.565 8.228 68.705 0.02057 0.18206 0.2026 0.1218 1.1663 2848 421.8 1.261 0.0200 0.0577 0.00337 20.63 8075 3.387 98.06 9.9506 7.213 69.274 0.01791 0.18092 0.2033 0.1229 1.1659 2809 423.8 1.213 0.0203 0.0570 0.00344 20.22 7570 3.963 97.59 8.6006 6.1
24、94 69.844 0.01529 0.17985 0.2040 0.1240 1.1655 2770 425.8 1.167 0.0206 0.0563 0.00352 19.80 7065 4.616 97.11 7.4658 5.171 70.415 0.01268 0.17884 0.2047 0.1252 1.1653 2732 427.8 1.125 0.0208 0.0557 0.00359 19.39 6560 5.353 96.63 96.63 4.145 7 0.986 0.01010 0.17788 0.2055 0.1263 1.1653 2693 429.6 1.08
25、4 0.0211 0.0550 0.00366 18.98 6055 6.181 96.14 5.6943 3.115 71.558 0.00754 0.17699 0.2062 0.1274 1.1653 2655 431.4 1.046 0.0214 0.0544 0.00373 18.57 5550 7.108 95.66 5.0014 2.081 72.130 0.00501 0.17614 0.2070 0.1286 1.1654 2617 433.1 1.010 0.0216 0.0537 0.00381 18.16 5045 8.144 8.144 4.4085 1.043 72
26、.702 0.00249 0.17535 0.2078 0.1297 1.1657 2579 434.7 0.976 0.0219 0.0531 0.00388 17.75 4540 9.295 94.68 3.8992 0.000 73.273 0.00000 0.17460 0.2087 0.1309 1.1662 2541 436.3 0.943 0.0222 0.0525 0.00396 17.35 4035 10.571 94.18 3.4599 1.047 73.844 0.00247 0.17389 0.2095 0.1321 1.1667 2503 437.8 0.912 0.
27、0224 0.0518 0.00403 16.95 3530 11.982 93.68 3.0797 2.098 74.414 0.00493 0.17323 0.2104 0.1333 1.1674 2466 439.2 0.882 0.0227 0.0512 0.00411 16.55 3025 13.536 93.18 2.7494 3.154 74.982 0.00736 0.17261 0.2113 0.1346 1.1683 2428 440.5 0.854 0.0229 0.0506 0.00418 16.15 2521.55b14.696 92.83 2.5469 3.884
28、75.373 0.00903 0.17221 0.2119 0.1354 1.1690 2403 441.3 0.835 0.0231 0.0502 0.00424 15.88 21.5520 15.244 92.67 2.4615 4.214 75.549 0.00978 0.17203 0.2122 0.1358 1.1693 2391 441.7 0.827 0.0232 0.0500 0.00426 15.76 2015 17.115 92.16 2.2098 5.280 76.115 0.01218 0.17148 0.2131 0.1371 1.1705 2354 442.8 0.
29、801 0.0235 0.0494 0.00434 15.36 1510 19.159 91.65 1.9889 6.350 76.678 0.01457 0.17097 0.2141 0.1384 1.1718 2317 443.9 0.776 0.0237 0.0488 0.00442 14.97 105 21.388 91.13 1.7945 7.425 77.239 0.01693 0.17048 0.2151 0.1397 1.1733 2279 444.8 0.752 0.0240 0.0482 0.00450 14.58 50 23.812 90.61 1.6230 8.505
30、77.797 0.01929 0.17003 0.2161 0.1411 1.1750 2243 445.6 0.729 0.0243 0.0476 0.00458 14.19 05 26.442 90.08 1.4711 9.591 78.352 0.02162 0.16960 0.2171 0.1424 1.1769 2206 446.4 0.707 0.0245 0.0470 0.00466 13.81 510 29.290 89.55 1.3364 10.682 78.904 0.02395 0.16920 0.2182 0.1439 1.1790 2169 447.0 0.686 0
31、.0248 0.0464 0.00474 13.43 1015 32.365 89.02 1.2165 11.778 79.453 0.02625 0.16883 0.2193 0.1453 1.1813 2132 447.5 0.666 0.0251 0.0458 0.00482 13.05 1520 35.682 88.48 1.1095 12.880 79.998 0.02855 0.16847 0.2204 0.1468 1.1838 2095 447.9 0.646 0.0253 0.0452 0.00491 12.67 2025 39.250 87.93 1.0138 13.988
32、 80.539 0.03083 0.16814 0.2216 0.1483 1.1866 2059 448.2 0.627 0.0256 0.0447 0.00499 12.29 2530 43.083 87.38 0.9281 15.102 81.075 0.03310 0.16783 0.2228 0.1499 1.1896 2022 448.4 0.609 0.0259 0.0441 0.00508 11.92 3035 47.192 86.82 0.8510 16.222 81.606 0.03536 0.16754 0.2240 0.1515 1.1929 1986 448.5 0.
33、591 0.0261 0.0435 0.00516 11.55 3540 51.590 86.25 0.7816 17.348 82.133 0.03761 0.16726 0.2253 0.1532 1.1965 1949 448.4 0.574 0.0264 0.0429 0.00525 11.18 4045 56.289 85.68 0.7190 18.481 82.654 0.03984 0.16700 0.2266 0.1549 1.2004 1913 448.3 0.557 0.0267 0.0424 0.00534 10.82 4550 61.303 85.10 0.6624 1
34、9.621 83.169 0.04207 0.16675 0.2279 0.1567 1.2047 1876 448.0 0.541 0.0270 0.0418 0.00543 10.45 5055 66.643 84.52 0.6110 20.767 83.678 0.04428 0.16652 0.2294 0.1585 1.2093 1840 447.5 0.526 0.0272 0.0413 0.00552 10.09 5560 72.323 83.92 0.5645 21.921 84.180 0.04649 0.16630 0.2308 0.1604 1.2143 1803 447
35、.0 0.511 0.0275 0.0407 0.00562 9.74 6065 78.357 83.32 0.5221 23.082 84.675 0.04869 0.16608 0.2323 0.1624 1.2197 1766 446.3 0.496 0.0278 0.0401 0.00571 9.38 6570 84.757 82.71 0.4835 24.251 85.163 0.05088 0.16588 0.2339 0.1645 1.2256 1730 445.4 0.482 0.0281 0.0396 0.00581 9.03 7075 91.536 82.10 0.4482
36、 25.427 85.642 0.05306 0.16568 0.2356 0.1666 1.2319 1693 444.5 0.468 0.0284 0.0390 0.00591 8.68 7580 98.710 81.47 0.4159 26.612 86.113 0.05524 0.16549 0.2373 0.1689 1.2389 1656 443.3 0.454 0.0287 0.0385 0.00601 8.33 8085 106.29 80.83 0.3864 27.805 86.576 0.05740 0.16531 0.2391 0.1712 1.2464 1619 442
37、.0 0.441 0.0290 0.0379 0.00612 7.99 8590 114.29 80.18 0.3593 29.007 87.028 0.05957 0.16512 0.2410 0.1737 1.2546 1582 440.6 0.428 0.0293 0.0374 0.00623 7.65 9095 122.73 79.52 0.3344 30.218 87.470 0.06173 0.16494 0.2430 0.1763 1.2635 1545 439.0 0.415 0.0296 0.0369 0.00634 7.31 95100 131.62 78.85 0.311
38、4 31.439 87.902 0.06388 0.16477 0.2452 0.1791 1.2733 1508 437.3 0.403 0.0299 0.0363 0.00645 6.98 100105 140.97 78.16 0.2903 32.669 88.322 0.06603 0.16459 0.2474 0.1820 1.2839 1470 435.4 0.391 0.0302 0.0358 0.00657 6.65 105110 150.81 77.46 0.2707 33.911 88.729 0.06818 0.16440 0.2498 0.1851 1.2956 143
39、3 433.3 0.379 0.0306 0.0352 0.00670 6.32 110115 161.13 76.75 0.2527 35.163 89.123 0.07032 0.16422 0.2523 0.1884 1.3085 1395 431.0 0.367 0.0309 0.0347 0.00682 6.00 115120 171.97 76.02 0.2359 36.427 89.503 0.07247 0.16403 0.2551 0.1920 1.3226 1357 428.5 0.356 0.0313 0.0341 0.00696 5.68 120125 183.33 7
40、5.28 0.2204 37.703 89.868 0.07461 0.16383 0.2580 0.1958 1.3383 1318 425.9 0.345 0.0316 0.0336 0.00710 5.36 125130 195.24 74.51 0.2060 38.992 90.216 0.07676 0.16362 0.2611 0.2000 1.3556 1279 423.0 0.334 0.0320 0.0331 0.00724 5.05 130135 207.70 73.73 0.1926 40.295 90.546 0.07890 0.16341 0.2645 0.2045
41、1.3750 1240 420.0 0.323 0.0324 0.0325 0.00740 4.74 135140 220.74 72.93 0.1801 41.613 90.857 0.08106 0.16317 0.2683 0.2094 1.3966 1201 416.7 0.312 0.0328 0.0320 0.00756 4.44 140145 234.37 72.10 0.1684 42.947 91.148 0.08321 0.16293 0.2724 0.2149 1.4210 1161 413.3 0.302 0.0333 0.0315 0.00773 4.14 14515
42、0 248.61 71.24 0.1575 44.298 91.415 0.08538 0.16266 0.2769 0.2209 1.4486 1120 409.6 0.291 0.0337 0.0309 0.00792 3.85 150155 263.47 70.36 0.1472 45.667 91.657 0.08755 0.16237 0.2819 0.2277 1.4800 1079 405.6 0.281 0.0342 0.0304 0.00811 3.56 155160 278.99 69.45 0.1377 47.056 91.872 0.08973 0.16206 0.28
43、75 0.2353 1.5161 1037 401.4 0.271 0.0347 0.0298 0.00833 3.27 160165 295.17 68.50 0.1286 48.467 92.056 0.09193 0.16171 0.2938 0.2440 1.5578 995 397.0 0.261 0.0352 0.0293 0.00855 2.99 165170 312.04 67.51 0.1202 49.903 92.206 0.09415 0.16133 0.3011 0.2540 1.6065 952 392.3 0.251 0.0358 0.0288 0.00880 2.
44、72 170175 329.62 66.47 0.1122 51.366 92.318 0.09638 0.16091 0.3094 0.2657 1.6642 908 387.3 0.240 0.0364 0.0283 0.00908 2.45 175180 347.93 65.39 0.1046 52.859 92.385 0.09865 0.16044 0.3192 0.2795 1.7333 864 382.0 0.230 0.0371 0.0278 0.00938 2.19 180185 367.00 64.24 0.0974 54.386 92.403 0.10094 0.1599
45、1 0.3309 0.2962 1.8175 818 376.4 0.220 0.0379 0.0273 0.00973 1.93 185190 386.85 63.03 0.0906 55.954 92.361 0.10327 0.15931 0.3450 0.3168 1.9220 772 370.5 0.210 0.0387 0.0268 0.01012 1.68 190195 407.52 61.73 0.0840 57.568 92.250 0.10565 0.15863 0.3625 0.3427 2.0549 724 364.2 0.200 0.0396 0.0264 0.010
46、57 1.44 195200 429.04 60.34 0.0778 59.237 92.054 0.10810 0.15784 0.3848 0.3766 2.2291 676 357.7 0.189 0.0407 0.0261 0.01109 1.21 200210 474.80 57.15 0.0658 62.795 91.317 0.11323 0.15582 0.4555 0.4887 2.8082 575 343.4 0.167 0.0434 0.0262 0.01250 0.77 210220 524.53 53.07 0.0540 66.829 89.806 0.11896 0
47、.15277 0.6261 0.7725 4.2679 468 327.4 0.143 0.0475 0.0291 0.01489 0.38 220230 579.05 46.36 0.0404 72.258 86.082 0.12659 0.14664 1.866 2.734 14.143 345 308.3 0.112 0.0568 0.0657 0.02282 0.07 230233.55c599.89 35.27 0.0284 79.118 79.118 0.13637 0.13637 0 0.0 0.00 233.55*Temperatures on ITS-90 scalebNor
48、mal boiling point cCritical point30.4 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentalsFig.2Pressure-EnthalpyDiagram for Refrigerant 22PressureThermophysical Properties of Refrigerants 30.5Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated VaporTemp.,*FPres-sure, psiaDensity,lb/ft3Li
49、quidVolume,ft3/lbVaporEnthalpy,Btu/lbEntropy,Btu/lbFSpecific Heat cp,Btu/lbFcp/cvVaporVel. of Sound,ft/sViscosity,lbm/fthThermal Cond.,Btu/hftFSurface Tension,dyne/cmTemp.,* FLiquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor150 0.263 98.28 146.06 28.119 87.566 0.07757 0.29600 0.2536 0.1185 1.2437 3716 469.7 2.093 0.0174 0.0831 0.00255 28.31 150140 0.436 97.36 90.759 25.583 88.729 0.06951 0.28808 0.2536 0.1204 1.2404 3630 476
