1、2013 ASHRAEHANDBOOKFUNDAMENTALSASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgInch-Pound Edition 2013 ASHRAE. All rights reserved.DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OFTHE PROFESSION AND ITS ALLIED INDUSTRIESNo part of this publication may be reproduced without permission in writing fromA
2、SHRAE, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations ina review with appropriate credit; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any meanselectronic, photocopying,recording, or otherwithout permission in
3、 writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permis-sion should be submitted at www.ashrae.org/permissions.Volunteer members of ASHRAE Technical Committees and others compiled the infor-mation in this handbook, and it is generally reviewed and updated every four years. Com-ments, criticisms, and suggestions r
4、egarding the subject matter are invited. Any errors oromissions in the data should be brought to the attention of the Editor. Additions and correc-tions to Handbook volumes in print will be published in the Handbook published the yearfollowing their verification and, as soon as verified, on the ASHR
5、AE Internet Web site.DISCLAIMERASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated,and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate, any product, service, process,procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. The appearance of any technicaldata or edi
6、torial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, orguaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like.ASHRAE does not warrant that the information in this publication is free of errors. Theentire risk of the use of any information in thi
7、s publication is assumed by the user.ISBN 978-1-936504-45-9ISSN 1523-7222The paper for this book is both acid- and elemental-chlorine-free and was manufactured with pulp obtained from sources using sustainable forestry practices.CONTENTSContributorsASHRAE Technical Committees, Task Groups, and Techn
8、ical Resource GroupsASHRAE Research: Improving the Quality of LifePrefacePRINCIPLESChapter 1. Psychrometrics (TC 1.1, Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics; TC 8.3, Absorption and Heat-Operated Machines)2. Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Cycles (TC 1.1)3. Fluid Flow (TC 1.3, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flo
9、w)4. Heat Transfer (TC 1.3)5. Two-Phase Flow (TC 1.3)6. Mass Transfer (TC 1.3)7. Fundamentals of Control (TC 1.4, Control Theory and Application)8. Sound and Vibration (TC 2.6, Sound and Vibration Control)INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYChapter 9. Thermal Comfort (TC 2.1, Physiology and Human Environmen
10、t)10. Indoor Environmental Health (Environmental Health Committee)11. Air Contaminants (TC 2.3, Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment)12. Odors (TC 2 .3)13. Indoor Environmental Modeling (TC 4.10, Indoor Environmental Modeling)LOAD AND ENERGY CALCULATIONSChapter 14. Climatic
11、 Design Information (TC 4.2, Climatic Information)15. Fenestration (TC 4.5, Fenestration)16. Ventilation and Infiltration (TC 4.3, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration )17. Residential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations (TC 4.1, Load Calculation Data and Procedures)18. Nonresidential Cooling
12、 and Heating Load Calculations (TC 4.1)19. Energy Estimating and Modeling Methods (TC 4.7, Energy Calculations)HVAC DESIGNChapter 20. Space Air Diffusion (TC 5.3, Room Air Distribution)21. Duct Design (TC 5.2, Duct Design)22. Pipe Sizing (TC 6.1, Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems)23. Insulati
13、on for Mechanical Systems (TC 1.8, Mechanical Systems Insulation)24. Airflow Around Buildings (TC 4.3)BUILDING ENVELOPEChapter 25. Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building AssembliesFundamentals(TC 4.4, Building Materials and Building Envelope Performance)26. Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Bu
14、ilding AssembliesMaterial Properties (TC 4.4)27. Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building AssembliesExamples (TC 4.4)MATERIALSChapter 28. Combustion and Fuels (TC 6.10, Fuels and Combustion)29. Refrigerants (TC 3.1, Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants)30. Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants
15、 (TC 3.1)31. Physical Properties of Secondary Coolants (Brines) (TC 3.1)32. Sorbents and Desiccants (TC 8.12, Dessicant Dehumidification Equipment and Components)33. Physical Properties of Materials (TC 1.3)GENERALChapter 34. Energy Resources (TC 2.8, Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainabilit
16、y)35. Sustainability (TC 2.8)36. Measurement and Instruments (TC 1.2, Instruments and Measurements)37. Abbreviations and Symbols (TC 1.6, Terminology)38. Units and Conversions (TC 1.6)39. Codes and StandardsADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONSINDEXComposite index to the 2010 Refrigeration, 2011 HVAC Applicatio
17、ns, 2012 HVAC Systems andEquipment, and 2013 Fundamentals volumesComment PagesCONTRIBUTORSIn addition to the Technical Committees, the following individuals contributed significantly to this volume. The appropriate chapter numbers follow each contributors name.James T. Schaefer, Jr. (1, 2)Heat Trans
18、fer Research, Inc.Yongfang Zhong (1, 2)Penn State ErieTimothy Wagner (2)United Technologies Research CenterUwe Rockenfeller (2)Rocky ResearchReinhard Radermacher (2)University of MarylandRick Couvillion (3, 4, 5, 6)University of ArkansasMichael M. Ohadi (4, 5, 6)University of MarylandKyosung Choo (4
19、, 5)University of MarylandMirza M. Shah (5)Gary Cloe (7)Belimo AircontrolsChad Moore (7)Engineering Resource Group, Inc.Dave Kahn (7)RMH GroupJerry Lilly (8)JGL AcousticsRich Peppin (8)Engineers for Change, Inc.Kenneth Roy (8)Armstrong World IndustriesSteve Wise (8)Wise AssociatesHui Zhang (9)Univer
20、sity of CaliforniaBerkeleyDennis Loveday (9)Loughborough UniversityEric Adams (9)Carrier CorporationPawel Wargocki (10)DTU Civil EngineeringZuraimi Sultan (10)National Research Council CanadaHal Levin (10)Building Ecology ResearchJan Sundell (10)Tsinghua UniversityCarolyn (Gemma) Kerr (11)Chang-Seo
21、Lee (11)Concordia UniversityCharlene W. Bayer (11)Hygieia Sciences LLCAshish Mathus (11)UVDI, Inc.Robert Morris (14)Chris A. Gueymard (14)Solar Consulting ServicesDidier Thevenard (14)Numerical Logics, Inc.Mike Collins (15)University of WaterlooJohn Hogan (15)Seattle Department of Planning and Devel
22、opmentJohn Wright (15)University of WaterlooDavid P. Yuill (16, 36)Building Solutions, Inc.W. Stuart Dols (16)National Institute of Standards and TechnologyCharles S. Barnaby (17, 19)WrightsoftSteve Bruning (18)Newcomb tele-phone: 404-636-8400; www.ashrae.org.PrefaceThe 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundament
23、als covers basicprinciples and data used in the HVAC predictive techniques for saturated and subcooledboiling in tube bundles; subcooled boiling heat transfer; boiling,heat transfer, condensation, and pressure drop in mini- and micro-channels; boiling/evaporation with enhanced surfaces; and muchmore
24、.Chapter 9, Thermal Comfort, has new content on personal envi-ronmental control (PEC) systems; the effect of occupant and airmotion on clothing insulation; and multisegment thermal physi-ology models.Chapter 10, Indoor Environmental Health, has new content onmicrobiology; health effects of fine part
25、iculate matter and noise;pathogens with potential for airborne transmission; semivolatileorganic compounds (SVOCs); ozone; and dampness.Chapter 11, Air Contaminants, has updates for new ASHRAEresearch, plus added text and graphics on ultrafine particles,SVOCs, and health effects of various air conta
26、minants.Chapter 14, Climatic Design Information, includes a completereplacement of the data tables for 6443 locations worldwideanincrease of 879 locations from the 2009 edition of the chapter.Each locations information now also includes monthly precipi-tation.Chapter 16, Ventilation and Infiltration
27、, has added content fromASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 on how to address multiple-zonerecirculating systems.Chapter 18, Nonresidential Cooling and Heating Load Calcula-tions, includes new plug load data, an elevation correction exam-ple, an equation summary, and an entirely new master examplesection base
28、d on the renovated ASHRAE headquarters building.Chapter 19, Energy Estimating and Modeling Methods, has newcontent on the comprehensive room transfer function (CRTF)method; ground heat transfer; a variable-speed vapor compressionheat pump model; and validation, verification, and calibration.Chapter
29、21, Duct Design, includes new content on testing forHVAC system air leakage, a revised equation for resistance offlexible duct, and a revised table for duct roughness.Chapter 23, Insulation for Mechanical Systems, has new contenton condensation control, piping supports, thermal conductivity ofbelow-
30、ambient pipe insulation systems, and includes a newdesign example.Chapter 25, Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assem-bliesFundamentals, has new material from ASHRAE researchon environmental weather loads (RP-1325) and thermal bridgingdetails (RP-1365), plus modified airflow descriptions a
31、nd newcontent on phase change materials.Chapter 26, Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assem-bliesMaterial Properties, was extensively reorganized andupdated with new content on insulation thermal conductivity data;insulation types; capillary-active insulation materials (CAIMs);and thermal
32、resistance and air and water vapor permeability.Chapter 27, Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assem-bliesExamples, introduced explicit definitions with a newexample for thermal bridging, and revised introductions to mois-ture transport analysis examples.Chapter 29, Refrigerants, has added
33、data on HFO-1234yf andHFO-1234ze(E) and expanded content on environmental proper-ties and compatibility with construction materials.Chapter 30, Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants, hasadded tables and diagrams for HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze(E).Chapter 36, Measurement and Instruments, has added
34、resultsfrom recent ASHRAE research (RP-1245) on the effects of ductfittings on measuring airflow in ducts, as well as a new examplecalculation.This volume is published, as a bound print volume and in elec-tronic format on CD-ROM and online, in two editions: one usinginch-pound (I-P) units of measure
35、ment, the other using the Interna-tional System of Units (SI).Corrections to the 2010, 2011, and 2012 Handbook volumes canbe found on the ASHRAE web site at http:/www.ashrae.org and inthe Additions and Corrections section of this volume. Correctionsfor this volume will be listed in subsequent volume
36、s and on theASHRAE web site.Reader comments are enthusiastically invited. To suggest im-provements for a chapter, please comment using the form on theASHRAE web site or, using the cutout page(s) at the end of this vol-umes index, write to Handbook Editor, ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Cir-cle, Atlanta, GA 30329, or fax 678-539-2187, or e-mail mowenashrae.org.Mark S. OwenEditor
