1、Volume 4, Number 4, October 1998 International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-conditioning and Refrigerating Research Editor Raymond Cohen, Ph.D., P.E., Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Herrick Professor of Engineering, Purdue University, U.S.A. Associate Editors Arthur E. Bergles, Ph.D
2、., P.E., John A. Clark and Edward T. Crossan Professor of Engineering Emeritus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, U.S.A. Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standar
3、ds and Technology, U.S.A. Arthur L. Dexter, D.Phil., C.Eng., Reader in Engineering Science, Department of Engineering David A. Didion, D.Eng., P.E., Leader, Thermal Machinery Group, Building and Ralph Goldman, Ph.D., Senior Consultant, Arthur D. Little, Inc., U.S.A. Hugo Hens, Dr.Ir., Professor, Dep
4、artment of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Building Physics, Katholieke Universiteit, Belgium Ken-Ichi Kimura, Dr. Eng., Professor, Department of Architecture, Waseda University and President, Society of Heating, Air-conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan, Japan Universitt Hannover, Germany U
5、niversit de Lige, Belgium University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A. University of California, Santa Barbara, U.S.A. Horst Kruse, Dr.-Ing., Professor, Institut fr Kltetechnik und Angewandte Wrmetechnik, Jean J. Lebrun, Ph.D., Professor, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, John W. Mitchell, Ph.D., P.E., Pro
6、fessor, Mechanical Engineering, Dale E. Seborg, Ph.D., Professor, Chemical Engineering, I Policy Committee Lynn G. Bellenger, chair Hans O. Spauschus John W. Michel1 Mario Costantino Frank M. Coda W. Stephen Comstock Publisher ASHRAE Staff W. Stephen Comstock Robert A. Parsons, Handbook Editor Scott
7、 A. Zeh, Publishing Services Manager Nancy F. Thysell, Typographer Jenny Otlet-Jakovljevic Editorial Assistant 01998 by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Con- ditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta. Georgia 30329. All rights reserved. Periodicals postage paid at
8、Atlanta, Georgia, and additional mailing offices. HVAC nor may any pari of this book be reproduced, stored in a reuievd system. or transmitted in any form or by any means-electronic, photocopying, recording, or other-without permission in writing from ASHRAE. Abstracts-Abstracted and indexed by Engi
9、neering Information, Inc. Available electronically on Cornpendex Plus and in print in Engineer- ing Index. Information on the contents are also presented in the foliow- ing IS1 products. SciSearch. Research Alert, and Cument Contents1 Engineering, Computing, and Technology. Disclaimer-ASHRAE has com
10、piled this publicauon with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate. any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like which may be described herein. The appearance of any techni- cal data or editorial matenal in this publication does
11、not constitute endorsement, warranty. or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, ser- vice, process, procedure. design, or the like. ASHRAE does not wmanf that the information in this publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with any statement or opinion in this publica- tion.
12、 The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user. Postmaster-Send tom 3579 to: HVACBrR Research, ASHRAE. 1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta, GA 30329. STD.ASHRCIE SRf.4 IJHV?AC q-4-ENGL 199B m 0759650 05401Bq 150 m VOL. 4, NO. 4 HVAC I should like to thank them publ
13、icly here. The Home Office The ASHRAE/Purdue agreement specified that the editorial office at Purdue should be respon- sible for producing fully-reviewed and copy-edited manuscripts, ready for production. This meant that I had to find an editorial assistant who could also work as a copy editor in ad
14、dition to all the multiple tasks required for running the editorial office. I was lucky to find Jennifer Jakovljevic, stranded here in the Mid West, she says, as a “faculty hostage” from Belgium and the UK. I could not expect to find anyone better skilled at copy editing, with a genuine interest in
15、the authors, and in presenting their work in the best possible way. Her international experience and tact was par- ticularly useful in dealing with all of the special situations that arose from the individual manu- scripts. Thank you, Jenny. Together with the associate editors, and reviewers, we hav
16、e been a real editorial team. Reviewers From the beginning reviewers were instructed to look for ways to help the authors improve their manuscripts, in addition to the customary task of providing me with a recommendation for acccp- tance or not. It became usual to receive one or two typewritten page
17、s of recommendations, and in some cases reviewers have sent as many as four or five “tutorial pages,” often along with a marked-up manuscript. All published manuscripts were returned to the authors at least once with suggestions for modifications. For a reviewer to operate in this mode takes more th
18、an expertise: it takes a lot of time and effort. Most have “made” the time because they are personally committed to helping cstablish the profession. We have worked with over 400 reviewers: I would like to thank all of them for their participation. Unfortunately, our policy of anonymity does not all
19、ow me to identify them. For now, all I can do is to convey my personal thanks and sincere appreciation to them all, as a group. ASHRAE SSCH IJHVAC 4-4-ENGL 1998 0759650 0540386 T23 VOLUME 4, NUMBER 4, OCTOBER 1998 32 I Authors and their Manuscripts We count over 500 different authors who have contri
20、buted to manuscripts from 30 different countries. Indeed, international submissions have been steadily increasing, especially this past year-suggesting that word is getting around. Of course, without them we would not have a jour- nal. I should first like to congratulate those authors whose manuscri
21、pt made it through our very rigorous review process, but also I have appreciated the hard work that went into ALL manu- scripts submitted. Many of the manuscripts that were redirected elsewhere contained some very good work indeed, even if it was not precisely what we were looking for. The quality a
22、nd breadth of submissions are evidence of the growing interest in HVAC (2) energy, building envelopes, loads, and building equipment; and (3) fundamentals and applications of heat transfer and fluid flow. In addition, about 15% of the manuscripts were in the controls area, and about 15% in the healt
23、h and comfort area. When one considers how the manuscripts currently under review seem to be more uniformly prepared to meet the criteria of a fully referenced, archival, research journal, one can conclude that we do seem to be receiving an increasing number of good submissions. For now, the number
24、of papers we publish is limited by the costs of publication, but as the manuscript flow increases I hopc that, ASHRAE will be able to publish more papers in HVACR Research to a new level of success. I have confidence that this new team will do well. When we started, I asked our associate editors wha
25、t they thought were the “hot research topics” for HVAC namely, Arthur Bergles in his editorial on fourth generation heat transfer in Volume 4, Number 2 (April 1998) and Horst Kruse in his editorial on EWI in Volume 3, Number 4 (Octo- ber 1997. If you missed reading those editorials, I recommend that
26、 you do so. *, : ASHRAE SRCY IJYVAC 4-4-ENGL 1998 0757650 0540187 9bT 322 HVAC e.g., user-friendly simulation models, experimental versus simulation, etc. Sev- eral of our associate editors gave us editorials related to these topics, namely, Jean Lebruns dis- cussion of research pitfalls in Volume 2
27、, Number 2 (April 1996), or John Mitchells discussion of simulation or experimentation in Volume 3, Number 1 (January 1997), or Ken-Ichi Kimuras dis- cussion of malfunctions and improvements in Volume 3, Number 3 (October 1997). A pair of editorials that did not easily fit in any of those four areas
28、 of research are the pair that were authored by David Didion on thinking small that appeared in Volume 3, Number 2 (April 1997), and Volume 4, Number 1 (January 1998). For years I have not been alone in preaching that small size is an important criteria to be considered right alongside performance,
29、efficiency, reli- ability, noise and vibration, etc. Davids first editorial is related to the conventional things that can be done to make our equipment smaller. His second editorial takes these arguments one step fur- ther using the new microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). David always challenges
30、 us to rethink and innovate creatively. I recommend that particular editorial as most interesting for a topic not usually considered by the ASHRAE community. Conclusion Two ASHRAE presidents submitted editoriais reviewing the history of the ASHRAE research and publication programs, and indicating ho
31、w HVAC thereby changing the way positive compressor manufacturers design compres- sors throughout the world. While a professor at Purdue University, where he was director of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at Purdue University for more than 22 years, he helped establish the biennial International Co
32、mpressor Engineering Confer- ences, and International Refrigeration Confer- ences at Purdue. The fourteenth Compressor Conference, and the seventh Refrigeration Conference were held just this year. He is a Fellow of ASHRAE and ASME, a U.S. representative to the IIR, and has also served as president
33、of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering, U.S.A. JENNIFER A. OTLET- JAKOVLJEVIC is a graduate in English language and Literature from Oxford University, UK, and in Germanic Philology, Philosophy and Letters from the University of Brussels (ULB), Belgium, where she taught for 12 years prior to m
34、oving to the U.S. She was also Production Editor and de- signer for a bilingual (French-English) journal of International Associations (UIA, Brussels). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was chairman of mechanical engineering at Iowa State and dean of engineering at Rensselaer. He has held se
35、veral industrial positions, and been a consultant to numerous industrial organizations and government agencies. Dr. Bergles is Fei- low of AAAS, ASEE, ASHRAE, and ASME, and Associate Fellow of AIAA. He has been president of ASME, and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He received th
36、e Lamme Award from ASEE, the Heat Trans- fer Memorial Award and Honorary Member- ship from ASME, the Kern Award from AIChE, and the Jakob Award from AIChE and ASME. He was the recipient of an honorary doctorate at the University of Porto, Portugal. He has published approximately 350 books and papers
37、 on heat transfer, and presented over 300 invited lectures in the U.S. and abroad. He has held visiting professorships at the University of Hannover, the Danish Technical university, and the Technical University of Munich. Re- search interests include heat transfer enhance- ment-especially as applie
38、d to HVAC systems, two-phase flow and boilinglevaporation heat transfer, internal laminar flow and heat transfer, and cooling of electronic equipment. Arthur Dexter ARTHUR DEXTER re- ceived his M.A. in Engi- neering Science and D.Phi1 in Control Engi- neering from the Univer- sity of Oxford, UK. Fro
39、m 1971 to 1981, heworkedin Ireland as a lecturer at Trinity College, Dublin. ARTHUR BERGLES is the Clark and Crossan Pro- fessor of Engineering Emeritus at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He previously held faculty positions at Iowa State University, Georgia Insti- Arthur E. Bergles tute of Techno
40、logy, and He returned to Oxford in 1981 and is now a Reader in Engineering Science and a Fellow of Worcester College. He is aUKChartered Engi- neer and a member of both the UK Institute of Electrical Engineers and ASHRAE. Through- out his career, he has worked on a wide range of industrial projects
41、involving the design of com- puter control systems and the application of fuzzy identification and control techniques. His 324 HVAC this was recognized by his appointment to membership of ASHRAEs board of direc- tors (1982-85). Ralph Goldman is also Fellow of a variety of societies and organizations
42、 such as the Ergo- nomics Society, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Association of Mil- itary Surgeons, the American College of Sports Medicine, the American Industrial Hygiene Association, the American Society for Testing and Materials, the Biophysics Society, and the Amer
43、ican Physiological Society. He has had a distinguished career in govern- ment service: as Director of the Military Ergo- nomics Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, and serving as consultant on Military Environmental Physiol- ogy, or on a variety of committees for NASA N
44、ASW, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council, NATO, and USARIEM. Most recently he has been principal scientist and senior consultant of Comfort Technologies. HUGO HENS graduated in engineering from the K.U. Leuven, Belgium in 1968. After four years of practice as a consulting
45、 engineer in an architec- tural office he returned to the university and com- HUCIHIXI pleted a Doctorate in I II - - - _ iSMR,Ak SRCH 99HVAC 4-4-ENGL 1978 VOLUME 4, NUMBER 4, OCTOBER 1998 Engineering (Building Physics) in 1975. A full professor at the University of Leuven (K.U.L.) since 1977, he is
46、 Head of the Labo- ratory of Building Physics (K.U.L). With a career that has been devoted to research and consulting in building physics and related problems. He is the author of four text books on building physics, applied building physics, and building services (in Dutch). He is also the author a
47、nd Co-author of numerous papers on this subject. Waseda University! KEN-ICH1 KIMURA is a Fellow and Life Member of ASHRAE and the repre- sentative from the Society of Heating, Air-Condition- ing and Sanitary Engineers of Japan (SHASE) since 1974. Based in the Depart- ment of Architecture, , Tokyo, J
48、apan, his interna- tional career has been devoted to education and research, with particular interests including: solar energy utilization for buildings, estima- tion of heating and cooling loads, energy con- servation in buildings, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and visual environment. He has
49、 pub- lished extensively on these topics, including one book in English, entitled The Scientific Basis of Air Conditioning. During his presidency of the SHASE (1994-1996), he established the societys role in disaster prevention at the time of the Great Earthquake in the Kobe area in Janu- ary 1995. After earning a Masters degree in Building Science and a Doctorate in Engineering from Waseda University, he worked on the Solar Energy Project of MIT (1960-62), then in Divi- sion of Building Research, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada. He was president of the 1984
