1、 STDaASHRAE JOURN 41-7 IAQ-ENGL 1979 0757650 0545564 542 dustrial and other More control over your buildigs”“ autoiriafion standards. Thats why there are over l0,OOO Metasys systems worldwide. Its also Hie reason Metasys Connect- ivify Parfners represent i25 compa- nies, which Make More than 500 pro
2、ducts for use with Metasys. than ever, with the revolutionary L 1999 U 0757650 0545567 2 Want 21 st- century chiller control? Youre looking at it. YORK introduces chillers with the Graphic Control Center As the leader in advanced chiller technology, YORK takes the next step forward with the full-col
3、or Graphic Control Center. This revolutionary development makes chillei operation quicker and easier than ever before. Instead of requiring keystroke after keystroke to hunt for information on a small mono- chrome LCD screen, a single button reveals a wide array of information on a large, full- colo
4、r display. Data are shown with a color illustration of the appropriate component, which makes information easier to interpret. Navigation bar, cursor controls, and “home” button provide faster access than confusing menu-tree schemes. Choose language and units of measurement at the push of a button,
5、with trend graphs available for over 100 vari- ables. Give your index finger and your patience a break by specifying YORK chillers with the standard Graphic Control Center. For more information, call your local YORK office or 1-800-861-1001. You can also visit our web- site at . YORK INTERNATIONAL ;
6、ervice Card) u Productivity Tool 0 0 O 0 e Size a iob in the system you use most often and then switch to whichever system is required by your customer, all with just a click of the mouse. Switch back to make a revision. Print equipment schedules, fan curves and preliminary submittals in either syst
7、em. You have complete control. to guide users to the best cts by relative cost, effi- ciency, noise, durability, maintainability, and availability. includes pho- tographs of products for easy identification, product specifications, drawings, as well as features and benefits. Select the product you w
8、ant, add the available accessories, and get a budget price. Program validates selected accessories against the availability database. (Circle No. 6 on N 41-9 IAQ-ENGL 1999 111 0759650 05455b9 024 m Page 44: Automotive AC Page 53: Hospital Retrofit Air Quality on Commercial Aircrafi By W Mark Pierce.
9、 CIH; Jolanda N . Janczewski. Ph.D.; Brian Roethlisberger, CIH; and Mark G . Janczewski. M.D. 26 New Developments in Hybrid Natural Gas/Electric Cooling By Gary Nowakowski and Mark Gramlich 36 Riding in Comfort. Part II: Evolution of Automotive Air Conditioning By Mohinder S . Bhafti. Ph . D . 44 Di
10、rect Contact Water Heater By laurier Nichols, eng 53 Boiler Plant Replacement Reduces Steam Cost 35% By Donald P Fiorino. PE 57 Focus on Test and Measurement Instruments 64 Commentary 9 Industry News . 12 Forum 18 Washington Report 25 Meetings and Shows . 61 Products . 63 Standards . 65 Classified A
11、dvertising 66 Advertising Index . 72 Reader Service Card . 72a SEPTEMBER 1999 VOLUME 41 NUMBER 9 Invensys controls are known world Our controls come wrapped in air conditioners, furnaces, water heaters, heat pumps, fireplace inserts and other products whose brand names are, literally, household word
12、s. Partially because of what Invensys controls do. And partially because of what they dont. What they dont do is give you the kind of defect rates, costs and delivery times that were commonplace just a few years ago. Because from receiving parts to shipping finished controls, we use more and more ju
13、st-in-time inventory and continuous-flow production. What they do do is things no controls have ever done before. Like making certain that water heaters deliver hot water the instant its needed. Making gas burners keep lighting STDOASHRAE JOURN 43-9 IAQ-ENGL 3999 111 0759b50 0545573 782 811 wide for
14、 their distinctive packaging. b practically forever. And doing thousands of other things to make homes, stores, offices and commercial buildings more dependable, more comfortable, more livable, more economical, more versatile. Invensys Controls P.O. Box 26544, Richmond, Virginia 23261-6544 United St
15、ates of America Telephone +1 804 756 6500, Facsimile cl 804 756 6563 Obviously, whoever said that good things come in small big ones. packages never saw what our controls do for some pretty (Circle No. 7 on Reader Service Cardl JOUI 7N 41-9 IAQ-ENGL 1999 0759b50 0545573 555 R IAQ on Airplanes AQ on
16、 airplanes might not seem a big issue until you consider that U.S. airlines in 1998 had more than 7.7 million departures, flew 600 billion revenue passenger I miles and transported 500 million passengers, with an average trip length of more than 1,000 miles. The Society has been working five years o
17、n a standard for airplane IAQ, a process that has its genesis in congressional hearings on the subject in 1993. Its a highly charged project conducted in the media spotlight. At center stage are flight attendant groups with anecdotal evidence that they believe shows that members suffer from unhealth
18、y conditions in their working environment. At opposite ends of many issues are representatives of airlines and airplane manufacturers. THIS EDITION covers the subject in two ways. One part is apeer-reviewed article by Mark Pierce, CIH, and three co-authors that describes an ASHRAE research project (
19、957-RP) to develop methods to measure IAQ and comfort on airplanes. While limited, the preliminary data doesnt show a specific problem or pollutant in excessive amounts. It also indicates that the flying public and flight attendants perceive the air to be of adequate quality in terms of temperature,
20、 odor and air movement. The two groups differ on humidity. Half of flight attendants surveyed found humid- ity levels to be very poor to poor, but only 5.6% of surveyed passengers agreed. The flight attendants also were more likely to relate certain symptoms to flying. The most frequent symptoms att
21、ributed to flying were dry and stuf nose, and stomach dis- comfort. THE SECOND part of our coverage is a “forum article” that examines the work of the ASHFWE special project committee (SPC) that is developing Standard 161P, Air Quality in Transport Category Commercial Aircraft. Author Jolanda Jancze
22、wski, Ph.D., provides excellent perspective on the committees work, the players involved and the state of the science. Initially, she says, flight attendant complaints were blamed on environmental to- bacco smoke, but complaints have continued since the ban, and increased at some airlines. Subsequen
23、tly, the committee has examined and eliminated increased CO, and ozone levels. Its now examining possible exposure to hydraulic fluid and discussing factors associated with flight attendant duties such as altitude and pressure changes and non-flight (hotel) environments. While the process of elimina
24、ting possible causes is difficult, Dr. Janczewski be- lieves the work will yield a standard that benefits the traveling public and airline crews, and also provides guidance to airlines and airplane manufacturers. “This has been a rare opportunity for so many adversaria1 parties to work together for
25、a common cause,” she says. “Although emotions flare and opinions abound, there have been moments of understanding and compromise.” September 1999 STDsASHRAE JOURN qL-9 IAB-ENGL L999 0759b50 0545575 328 SI Humidifier technology that carries a lot of weight. As you can see, the Armstrong HumidiClean“
26、with patented ionic bed technology attracts a lot more than attention. Forget evolution. This revolution is for real. Dont believe it? Just ask a competitor - or all of them -to weigh in beside HumidiClean. The remarkable ionic beds are made of a fibrous medium. Say goodbye to old humidifier technol
27、ogy. You can forget cleaning or replacing tanks. Actually, you can forget most of what you know about traditional humidifiers. HumidiClean, due to its exclusive ionic beds, simply operates more economically and more efficiently These beds, five per tank, attract solids from the water as its temperat
28、ure rises. Solids build up on the beds instead of on tank Sections ofionic bed walls or heating elements. And when they become saturated with solids, you just remove and replace. Never was a revolution this painless. Use on any water. Some manufacturers suggest that water treatment - at additional c
29、ost to you -should be a factor New ionic bed. 400 hours Of SeNlCe ure suspended in the longer than other choices on the market. HumidjClean tankfou easy installation When it comes und removal. to humidification, the ionic bed is the first breakthrough in decades. And no one can explain it more compl
30、etely than the people who invented it. For straight talk on one tough HumidiClean is available caemities UP to 901bsh hum id fier, ca I I your Armst rang Repre- sentative and ask for Bulletin No. 581. in two models with (40.8 kghr). in humidifier performance. Not Armstrong. With HumidiClean, you can
31、 use any water under any condition: hard, soft, deionized. Humid-A-warqthe new Armstrong humidification sizing and selection software, is now available and can be downloaded from our web site at www.armstrong-. HumidiClean uses an immersed resistance-type heating element that passes no current throu
32、gh the water. The result? Greater flexibility when water is hard or conductivity is low. That means generating full output doesnt depend on water conductivity. The cartridge-style heating element also provides greater safety and extends element life. 4b 1Q Armstrong Armstrong International, Inc. /Th
33、ree Rivers, Michigan 49093, USA / (616) 273-1415 Fax: (616) 273-9500 / Liege, Belgium (04) 2409090 Fax: (04) 2481361 / www.armstrong- (Circle No. 9 on Reader Service Card) STD-ASHRAE JOURN 42-9 IAQ-ENGL 2994 1111 0759650 0545576 264 ORNL to Conduct Field Tests On New Refrigeration System OAK RIDGE,
34、Tenn.-The U.S. Department of Energys Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is planning field tests on an advanced supermarket refrigeration and climate control system. The new refrigeration system uses high-efficiency scroll compressors that can operate at lower condensing tempera- tures than convent
35、ional reciprocating compressors. These compressors, which are located in soundproof cabinets next to refrigerated display cases, reduce the refrigerant needed for a supermarket system from about 3,000 lbs (1350 kg) to 1,000 lbs (450 kg). Combining the refrigeration system and the stores HVAC system
36、offers additional savings. The system uses fluid loops integrated with water source heat pumps that recover most rejected heat for space heating and dehumidification. The heat pumps are equipped with a “dual path” coil that cools store and ventilation air separately, allowing sensible and latent coo
37、l- ing loads to be handled more effectively. Carrier Streamlines Workforce FARMINGTON, Conn.-Carrier Corporation is reducing 400 salaried positions as part of a restructuring to streamline op- erations and lower costs in its North American operations. The changes will affect three units comprising N
38、orth Ameri- can HVAC Operations-ResidentialILight Commercial Sys- tems, Commercial Systems/Services, and Carrier Enterprises. “Since the founding of Carrier Corporation in 19 15, the North American HVAC business has provided Carrier with the strength to expand globally,” said Carrier President John
39、R. Lord. “However, the dynamics of the North American HVAC industry have made it necessary to further streamline and lower costs in order to maintain our market-leading position.” Lord also announced the retirement in 2000 ofNorth Ameri- can Operations President Guy Fauconneau, a 24-year Carrier vet
40、eran. In the interim, Fauconneau will lead special projects, including an expansion of demand-flow manufacturing. I 30000 25000 20000 15000 1 O000 5000 O Class of Class of Class of Class of 2002 2001 2000 1999 Engineering enrollments by discipline. Pre-engineerin includes students who have not selec
41、ted a discipline. Engineering Enrollments Rise WASHINGTON-A new report from the American Asso- ciation of Engineering Societies (AAES) says that the num- ber of undergraduate students choosing to study engi- neering is increasing, signaling a possible turnaround from previous periods of declining en
42、rollments. According to the report by the Engineering Workforce Commission (EWC), an AAES project, the combined na- tional engineering class increased 4.4% last fall to 94,909 students. This marks the second consecutive year that the number of freshmen deciding to study engineering has increased. EW
43、C Chair Eleanor Baum said the numbers are wel- come news. The number of bachelors degrees in engi- neering hit a 17-year low in 1998. The 1994 freshmen engi- neering class (85,047) was the smallest since the 1976 class of 82,250. The high point for engineering freshmen enroll- ment was 1 15,303 in 1
44、982. 8 Addenda Considered for Standard 62.1 ATLANTA-When the committee revis- ing ANSIIASHRAE Standard 62.1-1989 meets Sept. 17-19 in Atlanta, it will be dealing with as many as eight addenda, including the first guidelines for opera- tion and maintenance. The addendum (62m) completed re- view in Ju
45、ly and the standing standards project committee (SSPC 62.1) is expected to start addressing the comments. If ap- proved as proposed, the addendum will include such measures as frequency of 12 ASHRAE Journal system inspection and air cleaner main- t enanc e. In addition to 62m, the SSPC commit- tee i
46、s expected to discuss an addendum (621) that addresses issues in construc- tion and ventilation system start-up. This addendum completed a second ASHRAE public review Aug. 6 but remains under ANSI (American National Standards In- stitute) review until Sept. 30. While the design of an HVAC system aff
47、ects indoor air quality, the installation, operation and maintenance of the sys- tem and the building can have a great impact as well, according to Andrew Persily, SSPC 62.1 chair. “If the design is not properly imple- mented during construction or the building is not operated consistently with the
48、design intent, IAQ may suf- fer,” Persily said. “Those factors are critically important to achieving accept- Standard 62.7, See Page 7 6 September 1999 From the very beginning you told us that to even consider a self-sealing duct sys- tem you would need reliability, reduced cost and easy installatio
49、n. We went to work and found a solution with all your expectations built in: Tight double lipped sealing gaskets on all fit- tings. Protected in a recessed groove at the end of the fitting, we made the gas- ket tall and flexible to allow for an easy slip fit. The groove also helped us set the gaskets two lips at an optimum angle against the duct wall for added tightness. And it added rigidity to the fittings, unibody construction if you will. Consistent, reliable seals and easy to inst
