1、ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Handbook ASME A17.1-2016, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators CSA B44-16, Safety Code for Elevators Kevin L. Brinkman, PE 2016 Edition2016 Edition ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Handbook ASME A17.1-2016, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators CSA B44-16, Safety Code for Elevators Kevin
2、 L. Brinkman, PE Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USANo part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
3、Copyright 2017 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.CONTENTS In tr od uction . vii Foreword viii Acknowledgments . xii Summary of Code Changes xiii Part 1 General 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose and Exceptions . 1 1.3 Definitions . 3 Part 2 Electric Elevator
4、s. 4 Scope 4 2.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosures . 4 2.2 Pits . 20 2.3 Location and Guarding of Counterweights 26 2.4 Vertical Clearances and Runbys for Cars and Counterweights 29 2.5 Horizontal Car and Counterweight Clearances . 33 2.6 Protection of Space Below Hoistways 39 2.7 Ma
5、chinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms . 39 2.8 Equipment in Hoistways, Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms . 52 2.9 Machinery and Sheave Beams, Supports, and Foundations . 65 2.10 Guarding of Equipment and Standard Railing . 68 2.11 Protectio
6、n of Hoistway Openings 68 2.12 Hoistway Door Locking Devices and Electric Contacts, and Hoistway Access Switches 94 2.13 Power Operation of Hoistway Doors and Car Doors . 104 2.14 Car Enclosures, Car Doors and Gates, and Car Illumination 125 2.15 Car Frames and Platforms 143 2.16 Capacity and Loadin
7、g 152 2.17 Car and Counterweight Safeties . 156 2.18 Speed Governors . 170 2.19 Ascending Car Overspeed and Unintended Car Movement Pr otection 176 2.20 Suspension Means and Their Connections . 189 2.21 Counterweights . 199 2.22 Buffers and Bumpers . 200 2.23 Car and Counterweight Guide Rails, Guide
8、-Rail Supports, and Fastenings 207 2.24 Driving Machines and Sheaves 211 2.25 Terminal Stopping Devices 229 2.26 Operating Devices and Control Equipment 244 2.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices 314 2.28 Layout Drawings . 365 2.29 Identification . 365 Part 3 Hydraulic Elevators. 367 Scope 3
9、67 3.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosures . 367 iii3.4 Bottom and Top Clearances and Runbys for Cars and Counterweights 368 3.6 Protection of Spaces Below Hoistway 370 3.7 Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms . 370 3.11 Protection of Hoistway Landing Open
10、ings . 371 3.14 Car Enclosures, Car Doors and Gates, and Car Illumination 371 3.15 Car Frames and Platforms 371 3.16 Capacity and Loading 372 3.17 Car Safeties, Counterweight Safeties, Plunger Gripper, and Governors . 372 3.18 Hydraulic Jacks . 376 3.19 Valves, Pressure Piping, and Fittings 380 3.21
11、 Counterweights . 382 3.22 Buffers and Bumpers . 382 3.23 Guide Rails, Guide-Rail Supports, and Fastenings 382 3.24 Hydraulic Machines and Tanks 382 3.25 Terminal Stopping Devices 383 3.26 Operating Devices and Control Equipment 384 3.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices 386 3.28 Layout Data
12、 386 Part 4 Elevators With Other Types of Driving Machines . 387 4.1 Rack-and-Pinion Elevators 387 4.2 Screw-Column Elevators 392 4.3 Hand Elevators . 398 Part 5 Special Application Elevators . 400 5.1 Inclined Elevators . 400 5.2 Limited-Use/Limited-Application Elevators . 407 5.3 Private Residence
13、 Elevators . 410 5.4 Private Residence Inclined Elevators . 418 5.5 Power Sidewalk Elevators . 420 5.6 Rooftop Elevators . 422 5.7 Special Purpose Personnel Elevators . 426 5.8 Marine Elevators 432 5.9 Mine Elevators . 433 5.10 Elevators Used for Construction . 437 5.11 Wind Turbine Tower Elevators
14、440 5.12 Outside Emergency Elevators . 440 Part 6 Escalators and Moving Walks . 441 6.1 Escalators 441 6.2 Moving Walks 473 Part 7 Dumbwaiters and Material Lifts . 489 Scope 489 7.1 Power and Hand Dumbwaiters Without Automatic Transfer Devices 489 7.2 Electric and Hand Dumbwaiters Without Automatic
15、Transfer Devices 492 7.3 Hydraulic Dumbwaiters Without Automatic Transfer Devices 496 7.4 Material Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices . 496 7.5 Electric Material Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices . 501 7.6 Hydraulic Material Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices 503 7.7 Automatic Tra
16、nsfer Devices . 504 iv7.8 Power Dumbwaiters With Automatic Transfer Devices . 507 7.9 Electric Material Lifts With Automatic Transfer Devices 508 7.10 Hydraulic Material Lifts With Automatic Transfer Devices . 510 Part 8 General Requirements 511 8.1 Security 511 8.2 Design Data and Formulas 512 8.3
17、Engineering Tests, Type Tests, and Certification 523 8.4 Elevator Seismic Requirements 529 8.5 Escalator and Moving Walk Seismic Requirements . 537 8.6 Maintenance, Repair, Replacement, and Testing 539 8.7 Alterations . 562 8.8 Welding 594 8.9 Code Data Plate 594 8.10 Acceptance Inspections and Test
18、s . 595 8.11 Periodic Inspections and Witnessing of Tests . 611 8.12 Flood Resistances . 616 Part 9 Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications 624 Locating Codes, Standards, and AECO Certifications 624 United States Codes and Standards . 624 Canadian Codes and Standards . 628 Accredited Elevator
19、/Escalator Certification Organization (AECO) 628 International Codes and Standards 628 Out-of-Print Codes and Standards . 629 Additional Resource Material . 629 Nonmandatory Appendices A Control System . 633 B Unlocking Zone 633 C Location of Top Emergency Exit . 633 D Rated Load and Capacity Plates
20、 for Passenger Elevators . 633 E Elevator Requirements for Persons With Physical Disabilities in Jurisdictions Enforcing NBCC 633 F Ascending Car Overspeed and Unintended Car Movement Pr otection 633 G Top-of-Car Clearance . 633 H Private Residence Elevator Guarding 633 I Escalator and Moving Walk D
21、iagrams . 633 J Relationship of Pit Ladder to Hoistway Door Unlocking Means 634 K Beveling and Clearance Requirements . 634 L Index of Alteration Requirements for Electric Elevators, Hydraulic Elevators, Escalators, and Moving Walks 634 M Inertia Application for Type A Safety Device Location of Test
22、 Weight 8.10.2.2.2(ii)(2) . 634 N Recommended Inspection and Test Intervals in “Months” 634 P Plunger Gripper Stopping Distances . 634 Q Explanatory Figures for the Definitions of Elevator Machinery Space, Machine Room, Control Space, Control Room, Remote Machine Room, or Remote Control Room 634 R I
23、nspection Operation and Hoistway Access Switch Operation Hierarchy 634 vS Vertically Sliding Doors Illustrations of Detection Zones (2.13.3.4) . 634 T Inspection and Replacement of Steel Wire Ropes . 634 U Design Requirements Traction Elevator Suspension System 634 V Building Features for Occupant E
24、vacuation Operation . 634 W Wind Turbine Tower Elevator Clearances 635 X Acceptance Tests 635 Y Maintenance Control Program Records 635 Z Mass and Closing Time of Horizontally Sliding Elevator Doors . 635 Index 636 The Author 659 viINTRODUCTION This is the 12th edition of the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Hand
25、book, and the first one not authored by Ed Donoghue. The idea for the Handbook came from Mr. Donoghue and has grown from that simple idea to the valued resource we all know today. The history behind the Handbook is important, so, below, I have included Mr. Donoghues Introduction from the 2013 editio
26、n to provide that background. In 1976 I was appointed to the A17 Editorial Committee with Al Land (Chair), William “Bill” Crager (A17 Chair), and Manuel Gutierrez (ASME Secretary). At the time, the A17 Editorial Committee was charged with a total editorial review of the A17.1 Code for the 1978 editi
27、on. Every Rule was scrutinized and editorially revised for clarification when appropriate. The Committee met weekly for this massive project. To avoid unintentionally changing the content of a Rule, it was essential that the Committee members had a clear understanding of the technical requirements a
28、nd their intent. Bill Crager had a long history as a member of the A17 Committee, including 15 years as Committee Chairman. At the meetings, the members wouldlooktoBillforhisrecollectionofwhyaRulewasintheCode.Billpossessedanencyclopedic knowledge of the history of A17 requirements. His typical respo
29、nse would start by stating, “At the (date) A17 Meeting, the Committee approved the Rule for the following reason.” At our next meeting, Bill would arrive with documents from his home file backing up his recollection including the meeting dates. I quickly came to the conclusion that the “Bill Cragers
30、” on the A17 Committee were mostly retired or would be retiring from Committee activities over the next few years. Their expansive knowledge of the past committee work and the rationale for the A17.1 Rules would no longer be available. This would be a loss not only to the A17 Committee but also to t
31、he users of the Code. I concluded that a Handbook for A17.1 would be an invaluable addition to the A17.1 Code, as the NEC Handbook was an invaluable supporting document for the NEC . I approached MelGreen,thendirectorofASMECodesandStandards,withaproposaltowriteanASMEA17.1 Handbook. He thought the id
32、ea had merit, and the first edition of the A17.1 Handbook was published at the time of publication of the 1981 edition of the A17.1 Code. A new edition of the Handbook was published thereafter with each new edition of the A17.1 Code and later the A17.1/B44 Code.EdDonoghue With each passing year, we
33、see experts in the industry retire and we welcome new faces to the Code development process. The Handbook, much like the Code itself, is a living document. Each edition updates and expands upon the information provided in previous edition. I have the privilege of authoring this edition of the Handbo
34、ok and hope to continue the tradition and build on the foundation that Mr. Donoghue and so many others have helped to create. Kevin Brinkman viiFOREWORD The ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators is written by a committee of technically qualified persons with a concern and compe
35、tence in the subject within the Committees scope and a willingness to participate in the work of the Committee. The ASME A17 Standards Committee is restricted to a maxi- mum of 35 members of which no more than one-third can be from any single interest category. This require- ment serves to ensure ba
36、lance in the consensus process. In addition, there are over 300 members serving on the Regulatory Advisory Council, National Interest Review Group, Technical Committees, Administrative Committees, and Ad Hoc Committees. Technical revi- sions to ASME A17.1/CSA B44 are also submitted to the CSA B44 Te
37、chnical Committee for their concurrence. This Handbook incorporates the harmonization of the ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators and CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators. Since 2000, editions of the CSA B44 and ASME A17.1 Codes have been identi- cal, except for application deviations
38、noted in CSA B44. Starting with the ASME A17.1-2007/CSA B44-07, a sin- gle Code book has been published for use in the United States and Canada. A joint effort of the CSA B44 Technical Committee and the ASME A17 Standards Committee to harmonize requirements between CSA B44 and ASME A17.1 was started
39、 in the mid-1990s. The harmonization process compared and studied differences between the two codes over a num- ber of years through discussions by joint ASME/CSA working groups. A harmonized requirement was formu- lated and proposed for review and approval through formal balloting by both the ASME
40、A17 Standards Committee and CSA B44 Technical Committee. If any member did not approve a proposed requirement, the members rationale for disapproval was returned to the working committee for resolution. The working commit- tee either revised the proposal or provided a reason for rejecting the commen
41、t. The revised proposal or rejection was once again balloted until negatives were resolved or the Chairman of the ASME A17 Standards Committee ruled consensus had been achieved. Many requirements went through multiple ballots before a consensus was achieved. As a result, requirements in the ASME A17
42、.1-2000 and CSA B44-00 and later editions of the Code are different from corresponding Rules and Clauses in the previous editions of ASME A17.1 and CSA B44. The harmonization process identified techni- cal and editorial problems with requirements in both codes and in such cases formulated new requir
43、ements. The ASME A17 and CSA B44 Committees recognized that not all requirements could be fully harmonized, in viii particular requirements based on, or which depended on, other national codes or regulations, such as building, electrical, and fire codes. In such cases, two separate requirements were
44、 formulated, one for “jurisdictions enforcing NBCC” (meaning National Building Code of Canada or “NBCC” for short) and another for “jurisdic- tions not enforcing NBCC” (meaning the United States). In cases where no agreement on a requirement could be achieved or the publication schedule precluded co
45、n- tinuation of discussions, the CSA B44 Technical Committee created Canadian exceptions from the ASME A17.1 requirements, known as Canadian devia- tions. These Canadian deviations appeared in the CSA B44-00 and CSA-B44-04 Elevator Safety Code. Both committees continue the harmonization process and
46、endeavor to reduce the number of Canadian deviations in future editions. In January 2006, the list of deviations had shrunk to the point where the ASME A17 Standards Committee felt they could all be incorporated in the next edition of the ASME A17.1 Code with an objective of publishing a single Safe
47、ty Code for Elevators and Escalators for use in both the United States and Canada. That objective was met with the publication of ASME A17.1-2007/CSA B44-07. ASME and CSA recognize that the Code must be writ- ten in a form suitable for enforcement by state, munici- pal, and other jurisdictional or r
48、egulatory authorities often referred to in the United States as “Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)” and in Canada as “Regulatory Authorities (RA)”; and as such, the text is concise, without examples or explanations. It is also recognized that this Code cannot cover every situation nor can it cov
49、er new technology before it is developed and field experience is gained. For these reasons, ASME agreed that a handbook would be useful to augment the Code by providing a commentary on the Code requirements. This Handbook contains rationale for the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code requirements along with explanations, examples, and illustrations of the imple- mentation of requirements. In addition, it contains excerpts from other nationally recognized standards ref- erenced by the Code. This information is intended to provide users of the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code with a better unde
