1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDOverhead andGantry Cranes(Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder,Top Running Trolley Hoist)ASME B30.2-2005(Revision of ASME B30.2-2001)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS und
2、er license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.2-2005(Revision of ASME B30.2-2001)Overhead andGantry Cranes(Top Running Bridge,Single or MultipleGirder, Top RunningTrolley Hoist)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
3、Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: December 30, 2005The next edition of this
4、 Standard is scheduled for publication in 2008. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/www.asme.org/c
5、odes/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next editionof the Standard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Sta
6、ndards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public i
7、nput from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems menti
8、oned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and th
9、e risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpr
10、etations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission o
11、f the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2005 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or
12、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viIntroduction . viiiSummary of Changes xChapter 2-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 2-0.1 Scope of B30.2 . 1Section 2-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 2-0.3 References . 5Chapter 2-1 General Construction a
13、nd Installation 7Section 2-1.1 Markings 7Section 2-1.2 Clearances . 7Section 2-1.3 General Construction Runways and Supporting Structure 8Section 2-1.4 Crane Construction 8Section 2-1.5 Cabs Normal or Skeleton (if Provided) . 8Section 2-1.6 Lubrication 9Section 2-1.7 Service Platforms (Footwalks) 9S
14、ection 2-1.8 Stops and Bumpers 10Section 2-1.9 Rail Sweeps 11Section 2-1.10 Guards for Moving Parts . 11Section 2-1.11 Truck Frame Drop . 11Section 2-1.12 Brakes and Braking Means . 11Section 2-1.13 Electrical Equipment . 12Section 2-1.14 Hoisting Equipment 15Section 2-1.15 Warning Devices or Means
15、for a Crane With a Power-TravelingMechanism 16Section 2-1.16 Manual 17Chapter 2-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 18Section 2-2.1 Inspection . 18Section 2-2.2 Testing 19Section 2-2.3 Maintenance . 19Section 2-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 20Chapter 2-3 Operation 22Section 2-
16、3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators 22Section 2-3.2 Handling the Load . 23Section 2-3.3 Signals 26Section 2-3.4 Miscellaneous 26Section 2-3.5 Crane Lockout/Tagout . 26Figures1 Cantilever Gantry Crane . 22 Gantry Crane 33 Overhead Crane . 34 Semigantry Crane 35 Wall Crane 36 Recommended A
17、rrangement of Controllers or Master Switches (Three-Motor Crane) 137 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches (Four-Motor Crane) 14iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,
18、-,-8 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-Button StationArrangement) . 159 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane ControlTransmitter Lever Arrangement) . 1510 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Overhead and Gantry Cranes 24ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IH
19、S under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNa
20、tional Standards Institute (ANSI, formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when a Code of Safety Standards for Cranes,prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented to theannual meeting of the AS
21、ME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later chan
22、ged to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), the Department of Labor State of New Jersey, the Department of Laborand Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association.On June 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Commi
23、ttee approved the ASME SafetyCode Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Depart-ment of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The
24、 call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the Committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, wascreated from the eight-page document referred to i
25、n the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineeri
26、ng Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; ins
27、pection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInst
28、itute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as m
29、andatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofot
30、her devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format descr
31、ibed in Section III of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on September 19, 2005.Safety codes and standards are intended to
32、 enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industrial needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with A
33、SME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 STANDARDS COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITT
34、EE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship SystemsW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, Mantech International Corp.R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E.
35、 I. DupontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.D. Ritchie, Alternate, The Construction Safety CouncilT. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.S. C
36、loutier, U.S. Department of LaborJ. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti on the loads; on the acceleration orspeed of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums;on the type of attachments; on the number, size, andarrangement of sheaves or other parts; on environmentalconditions causing corrosion or we
37、ar; and on many vari-ables that must be considered in each individual case.The requirements and recommendations provided in thevolumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judgmentused in determining their application.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for Resal
38、eNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.2-2005SUMMARY OF CHANGESFollowing approval by the ASME B30 Committee, and after public review, ASME B30.2-2005 wasapproved by the American National Standards Institute on September 19, 2005.The 2005 edition of ASME B30.2
39、includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections identifiedby a margin note, (05).Page Location Changeviii, ix Introduction Revised in its entirety1 Section 2-0.1 Revised5, 6 Section 2-0.3 Updated10 2-1.8.2 Revised10 2-1.8.3 Revised20 2-2.4.1(a)(1)(d) Revised21 2-2.4.2(b) RevisedSPECIAL NOTE:T
40、he interpretations to ASME B30.2 are included in this edition as a separate section for the usersconvenience.xCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(05)ASME B30.2-2005OVERHEAD AND GANTRY
41、 CRANES(TOP RUNNING BRIDGE, SINGLE OR MULTIPLE GIRDER,TOP RUNNING TROLLEY HOIST)Chapter 2-0Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSECTION 2-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.2Volume B30.2 includes provisions that apply to theconstruction, installation, operation, inspection, andmaintenance of hand-operated and power-dri
42、ven over-head and gantry cranes that have a top-running single-girder or multiple-girder bridge, with one or more top-running trolley hoists used for vertical lifting and low-ering of freely suspended, unguided loads consisting ofequipment and materials (see Figs. 1 through 5). Therequirements inclu
43、ded in this Volume also apply tocranes having the same fundamental characteristics suchas cantilever gantry cranes, semi-gantry cranes, and wallcranes.Requirements for a crane used for a special purposesuch as, but not limited to, non-vertical lifting service,lifting a guided load, or lifting person
44、nel are notincluded in this Volume.SECTION 2-0.2: DEFINITIONSabnormal operating conditions: environmental conditionsthat are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or forthe operation of a crane, such as excessively high orlow ambient temperatures, exposure to adverse weather,corrosive fumes, dust-
45、laden or moisture-laden atmo-spheres, and hazardous locations.administrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or, in the absence of governmental jurisdiction,the employer.appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by theemployer or the employers representative.authorized: appointed by
46、a duly constituted administra-tive or regulatory authority.auxiliary hoist: supplemental hoisting unit usually oflower load rating and higher speed than the main hoist.1boom (of gantry cranes): an extension of the trolley runwaythat may be raised or retracted to obtain clearance forgantry travel.boo
47、m (of overhead cranes): a horizontal member mountedon the trolley to permit hoisting and lowering the loadat a point other than directly under the hoist drum ortrolley.brake: a device, other than a motor, used for retardingor stopping motion by friction or power means.brake, holding: a friction brak
48、e for a hoist that is automati-cally applied and prevents motion when power to thebrake is off.brake, mechanical load: an automatic type of friction brakeused for controlling loads in a lowering direction. Thisunidirectional device requires torque from the motor tolower a load but does not impose an
49、y additional loadon the motor when lifting a load.braking means: a method or device used for stopping/holding motion by friction or power.braking, control: a method of controlling speed by remov-ing energy from the moving body or by impartingenergy in the opposite direction.braking, countertorque (plugging): a method of controllingspeed by reversing
