1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDBelow-the-Hook Lifting DevicesASME B30.20-2006(Revision of ASME B30.20-2003)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p
2、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.20-2006(Revision of ASME B30.20-2003)Below-the-HookLifting DevicesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by I
3、HS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: January 16, 2007The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2009. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquir
4、ies concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The Ame
5、rican Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have
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7、ruction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable
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10、retations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2007 byTHE AMERICAN SOC
11、IETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Ch
12、anges xiChapter 20-0 Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSection 20-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.20 1Section 20-0.2 Definitions General 1Section 20-0.3 Definitions for Chapter 20-1 1Section 20-0.4 Definitions for Chapter 20-2 4Section 20-0.5 Definitions for Chapter 20-3 4Section 20-0.6 Definitions for Chapte
13、r 20-4 8Section 20-0.7 Definitions for Chapter 20-5 8Section 20-0.8 References to Other Codes and Standards . 11Chapter 20-1 Structural and Mechanical Lifting DevicesSection 20-1.1 Scope 12Section 20-1.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 12Section 20-1.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
14、13Section 20-1.4 Operation 15Section 20-1.5 Instruction Manuals 16Chapter 20-2 Vacuum Lifting DevicesSection 20-2.1 Scope 17Section 20-2.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 17Section 20-2.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 19Section 20-2.4 Operation 21Section 20-2.5 Instruction Manuals 2
15、2Chapter 20-3 Close Proximity Operated Lifting MagnetsSection 20-3.1 Scope 23Section 20-3.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 23Section 20-3.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 24Section 20-3.4 Operation 26Section 20-3.5 Instruction Manuals 28Chapter 20-4 Remotely Operated Lifting Magnets
16、Section 20-4.1 Scope 29Section 20-4.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 29Section 20-4.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 30Section 20-4.4 Operation 31Section 20-4.5 Instruction Manuals 32Chapter 20-5 Scrap and Material Handling GrapplesSection 20-5.1 Scope 33Section 20-5.2 Marking, Cons
17、truction, and Installation . 33Section 20-5.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 33Section 20-5.4 Operation 35Section 20-5.5 Instruction Manuals 36Figures1 Pressure-Gripping Lifters: Friction-Type Lifters 22 Grip Ratio 3iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not fo
18、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3 Pressure-Gripping Lifters: Indentation-Type Lifters 34 Manipulating Lifters 55 Load-Supporting Lifters 66 Vacuum Lifters . 77 Magnetic Lifters 98 Scrap and Material-Handling Grapples 10Table1 Minimum Inspection for Below-
19、the-Hook Lifting Devices 14ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slin
20、gs, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the
21、Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving: the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the Ame
22、rican Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers
23、 Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project, with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50
24、 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists,
25、 ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee,
26、 under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that s
27、eparate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures
28、developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within i
29、ts scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authori
30、ty may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities
31、 are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX, before rendering decisions on disputed points.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on Decemb
32、er 1, 2006.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.vCopyright ASME
33、 International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of app
34、roval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship SystemsW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, Mantech International Corp.R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen,
35、ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.M. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Crane GroupT. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance/Alliance of AmericanInsurersM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate
36、, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti ASME Order Department: 22 Law Drive, Box2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erectionof Structural Steel for Buildings, 8th EditionManual, 1980Publisher: American Institute of Steel Construction(AISC), One East
37、 Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL60601-1802Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(06)ASME B30.20-2006Chapter 20-1Structural and Mechanical Lifting DevicesSECTION 20-1.1: SCOPEChapter 20-1 appli
38、es to the classification, marking,construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-nance, and operation of structural and mechanical liftingdevices. Within Chapter 20-1, the structural and mechan-ical lifters/lifting devices are categorized as supportinglifters, indentation-type pressure-grip
39、ping lifters, andfriction-type pressure-gripping lifters.SECTION 20-1.2: MARKING, CONSTRUCTION, ANDINSTALLATION20-1.2.1 Marking(a) Rated Load. The rated load of the lifting deviceshall be legibly marked on the main structure or on atag attached to it where it is visible. If the lifting deviceis made
40、 up of several lifters, each detachable from thegroup, these lifters shall also be marked with their indi-vidual rated loads.(b) Identification. All new structural and mechanicallifting devices shall be marked with, but not limited to,the following information:(1) manufacturers name and address(2) s
41、erial number(3) lifter weight, if over 100 lb (45 kg)(4) cold current (amps) (when applicable)(5) rated voltage (when applicable)(6) rated load as described in para. 20-1.2.1(a)(7) ASME BTH-1 Design Category(8) ASME BTH-1 Service Class(c) Repaired or Modified Lifters. All repaired or modi-fied struc
42、tural and mechanical lifters shall be providedwith identification displaying, but not limited to, thefollowing information:(1) name and address of the repairer or modifier(2) repairers or modifiers unit identification(3) lifter weight (if altered)(4) cold current (amps) (if altered)(5) rated voltage
43、 (if altered)(6) rated load (if altered) as described in para.20-1.2.1(a)(7) ASME BTH-1 Design Category (if altered)(8) ASME BTH-1 Service Class (if altered)(d) Product Safety Labels(1) Where size and shape of the lifter allow, alllifters shall have labels, affixed to them in a readableposition, tha
44、t include the appropriate signal word,12according to ANSI Z535.4-1998 (4.13), to bring the labelto the attention of the operator. The label should includecautionary language to provide danger, warning, or cau-tion notice to operators and others against(a) exceeding the rated load, or lifting loads n
45、otspecified in the instruction manual(b) operating a damaged or malfunctioning unit,or a unit with missing parts(c) lifting people(d) lifting suspended loads over people(e) leaving suspended loads unattended(f) removing or obscuring warning labels(g) operating without having read and under-stood the
46、 operating manual(h) not staying clear of the suspended load(i) lifting loads higher than necessary(j) making alterations or modifications to lifter(2) Where size or shape of the lifter prohibits theinclusion of all or any such markings, a label shall beaffixed, referring user to consult manufacture
47、rs instruc-tion manual for product safety information.20-1.2.2 ConstructionThe manufacturer shall verify that structural andmechanical lifting devices are designed by or under thedirect supervision of a qualified person. The design shallbe in accordance with ASME BTH-1 and shall considerthe stresses
48、 resulting from the application of rated loadplus the weight of the lifting device.Structural and mechanical lifting devices shall bedesigned to ASME BTH-1 Design Category B (staticstrength criteria) and the proper Service Class (fatiguelife criteria) selected for its number of load cycles, unlessa
49、qualified person representing the owner, purchaser, oruser of the lifting device determines and can demon-strate that ASME BTH-1 Design Category A is appro-priate.Design Category A shall only be designated when themagnitude and variation of loads applied to the lifterare predicable and do not exceed the rated capacity,where the loading and environmental conditions areaccurat
