1、Power Piping ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B31.1-2010(Revision of ASME B31.1-2007)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKCopy
2、right ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B31.1-2010(Revision of ASME B31.1-2007)Power PipingASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10
3、016 USACopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: December 31, 2010The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2012. This Code will become effective6 month
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11、f the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or
12、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword viCommittee Roster . viiIntroduction . xiSummary of Changes xiiiChapter I Scope and Definitions. 1100 General . 1Chapter II Design . 12Part 1 Conditions and Criteria . 12101 Design Conditions . 12102 Design Criteria 13Part 2 Pressur
13、e Design of Piping Components . 19103 Criteria for Pressure Design of Piping Components . 19104 Pressure Design of Components . 19Part 3 Selection and Limitations of Piping Components . 33105 Pipe 33106 Fittings, Bends, and Intersections 34107 Valves 35108 Pipe Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, Gaske
14、ts, and Bolting . 36Part 4 Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints 37110 Piping Joints 37111 Welded Joints . 37112 Flanged Joints . 37113 Expanded or Rolled Joints . 37114 Threaded Joints . 42115 Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints, and Unions 42116 Bell End Joints 43117 Brazed and Soldered
15、 Joints 43118 Sleeve Coupled and Other Proprietary Joints . 43Part 5 Expansion, Flexibility, and Pipe Supporting Element 43119 Expansion and Flexibility 43120 Loads on Pipe Supporting Elements . 46121 Design of Pipe Supporting Elements . 47Part 6 Systems . 50122 Design Requirements Pertaining to Spe
16、cific Piping Systems . 50Chapter III Materials. 65123 General Requirements . 65124 Limitations on Materials . 66125 Materials Applied to Miscellaneous Parts 68Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements 69126 Material Specifications and Standards for Standard and NonstandardPiping Components . 69Chapter V F
17、abrication, Assembly, and Erection 77127 Welding . 77128 Brazing and Soldering . 88129 Bending and Forming . 89130 Requirements for Fabricating and Attaching Pipe Supports . 90131 Welding Preheat . 90iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproductio
18、n or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-132 Postweld Heat Treatment 91133 Stamping . 99135 Assembly . 99Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing 101136 Inspection and Examination . 101137 Pressure Tests . 105Chapter VII Operation and Maintenance . 108138 General . 108139 Operat
19、ion and Maintenance Procedures 108140 Condition Assessment of CPS 108141 CPS Records 109Figures100.1.2(A.1) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping An Example of Forced FlowSteam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line . 2100.1.2(A.2) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping An Example of Steam Sep
20、aratorType Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and WaterLine 3100.1.2(B) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping Drum-Type Boilers 4100.1.2(C) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping Spray-Type Desuperheater . 5102.4.5 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends 17104.3.1(D) Reinforcement of Branch Connect
21、ions 24104.3.1(G) Reinforced Extruded Outlets . 28104.5.3 Types of Permanent Blanks 31104.8.4 Cross Section Resultant Moment Loading 33122.1.7(C) Typical Globe Valves 55122.4 Desuperheater Schematic Arrangement 59127.3 Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment . 78127.4.2 Welding
22、End Transition Maximum Envelope 79127.4.4(A) Fillet Weld Size 82127.4.4(B) Welding Details for Slip-On and Socket-Welding Flanges; SomeAcceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds . 83127.4.4(C) Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket WeldingComponents Other Than Flanges 83127.4.8(A) Typical W
23、elded Branch Connection Without AdditionalReinforcement . 83127.4.8(B) Typical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement . 83127.4.8(C) Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without AdditionalReinforcement 83127.4.8(D) Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment DetailsShowing
24、Minimum Acceptable Welds . 84127.4.8(E) Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings . 85127.4.8(F) Typical Full Penetration Weld Branch Connections for NPS 3 andSmaller Half Couplings or Adapters . 86127.4.8(G) Typical Partial Penetration Weld Branch Connection for NPS 2 andSma
25、ller Fittings . 87135.5.3 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads 100Tables102.4.3 Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factors . 16102.4.5 Bend Thinning Allowance . 17102.4.6(B.1.1) Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness 412in. (114 mm) orLess 18102.4.6(B.2.2) Maximum Severity Level for
26、Casting Thickness Greater Than 412in.(114 mm) . 18ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-102.4.7 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be Applied When Calculating theMinimum Wall Thickness
27、 or Allowable Design Pressure ofComponents Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Fusion Weld 20104.1.2(A) Values of y 22112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements . 38114.2.1 Threaded Joints Limitations 42121.5 Suggested Pipe Support Spacing . 48121.7.2(A) Carrying Capacity of Threaded
28、 ASTM A 36, A 575, and A 576Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel . 49122.2 Design Pressure for Blowoff/Blowdown Piping Downstream of BEPValves 55122.8.2(B) Minimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Toxic Fluid Piping . 62126.1 Specifications and Standards . 70127.4.2 Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal Butt We
29、lds . 81129.3.1 Approximate Lower Critical Temperatures . 89132 Postweld Heat Treatment 92132.1 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon andLow Alloy Steels 97136.4 Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for PressureWelds or Welds to Pressure-Retaining Components . 103136.4.1
30、 Weld Imperfections Indicated by Various Types of Examination . 104Mandatory AppendicesA Table A-1, Carbon Steel 112Table A-2, Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel . 124Table A-3, Stainless Steels . 134Table A-4, Nickel and High Nickel Alloys 164Table A-5, Cast Iron . 176Table A-6, Copper and Copper All
31、oys 178Table A-7, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys . 182Table A-8, Temperatures 1,200F and Above 190Table A-9, Titanium and Titanium Alloys 196Table A-10, Bolts, Nuts, and Studs . 200B Table B-1, Thermal Expansion Data 206Table B-1 (SI), Thermal Expansion Data 210C Table C-1, Moduli of Elasticity for Fe
32、rrous Material . 214Table C-1 (SI), Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material 215Table C-2, Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material . 216Table C-2 (SI), Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material . 218D Table D-1, Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors 220Chart D-1, Flexibility Factor
33、, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i . 224Chart D-2, Correction Factor, c . 225Fig. D-1, Branch Connection Dimensions . 226F Referenced Standards 227G Nomenclature . 231H Preparation of Technical Inquiries 237J Quality Control Requirements for Boiler External Piping (BEP) . 238Nonmandatory Appe
34、ndicesII Rules for the Design of Safety Valve Installations . 240III Rules for Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals 260IV Corrosion Control for ASME B31.1 Power Piping Systems 280V Recommended Practice for Operation, Maintenance, andModification of Power Piping Systems . 284VI Approval
35、 of New Materials 294VII Procedures for the Design of Restrained Underground Piping . 295Index 306vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThe general philosophy underlying this Po
36、wer Piping Code is to parallel those provisions ofSection I, Power Boilers, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, as they can be appliedto power piping systems. The Allowable Stress Values for power piping are generally consistentwith those assigned for power boilers. This Code is more conser
37、vative than some other pipingcodes, reflecting the need for long service life and maximum reliability in power plant installations.The Power Piping Code as currently written does not differentiate among the design, fabrication,and erection requirements for critical and noncritical piping systems, ex
38、cept for certain stresscalculations and mandatory nondestructive tests of welds for heavy wall, high temperatureapplications. The problem involved is to try to reach agreement on how to evaluate criticality,and to avoid the inference that noncritical systems do not require competence in design, fabr
39、ication,and erection. Someday such levels of quality may be definable, so that the need for the manydifferent piping codes will be overcome.There are many instances where the Code serves to warn a designer, fabricator, or erectoragainst possible pitfalls; but the Code is not a handbook, and cannot s
40、ubstitute for education,experience, and sound engineering judgment.Nonmandatory Appendices are included in the Code. Each contains information on a specificsubject, and is maintained current with the Code. Although written in mandatory language, theseAppendices are offered for application at the use
41、rs discretion.The Code never intentionally puts a ceiling limit on conservatism. A designer is free to specifymore rigid requirements as he feels they may be justified. Conversely, a designer who is capableof a more rigorous analysis than is specified in the Code may justify a less conservative desi
42、gn,and still satisfy the basic intent of the Code.The Power Piping Committee strives to keep abreast of the current technological improvementsin new materials, fabrication practices, and testing techniques; and endeavors to keep the Codeupdated to permit the use of acceptable new developments.viCopy
43、right ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B31 COMMITTEECode for Pressure Piping(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICE
44、RSM. L. Nayyar, ChairK. C. Bodenhamer, Vice ChairN. Lobo, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELR. J. T. Appleby, Pipeline Experts, LLCC. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co.A. E. Beyer, Fluor EnterprisesK. C. Bodenhamer, Enterprise Products Co.C. J. Campbell, Air LiquideJ. S. Chin, TransCanada Pipeline
45、U.S.D. D. Christian, VictaulicD. L. Coym, WorleyParsonsC. J. Melo, Alternate, WorleyParsonsR. P. Deubler, Fronek Power Systems, LLCJ. A. Drake, Spectra Energy TransmissionP. D. Flenner, Flenner Engineering ServicesJ. W. Frey, Stress Engineering Services, Inc.D. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.R. A.
46、 Grichuk, Fluor Corp.R. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc.L. E. Hayden, Jr., ConsultantB. P. Holbrook, Babcock Power, Inc.B31.1 POWER PIPING SECTION COMMITTEEJ. W. Frey, Chair, Stress Engineering Services, Inc.W. J. Mauro, Vice Chair, American Electric PowerC. E. OBrien, Secretar
47、y, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersH. A. Ainsworth, ConsultantD. D. Christian, VictaulicM. J. Cohn, IntertekAptechD. H. Creates, Ontario Power Generation, Inc.G. J. Delude, PenpowerR. P. Deubler, Fronek Power Systems, LLCA. S. Drake, Constellation Energy GroupS. J. Findlan, Electric Power
48、 Research InstituteP. D. Flenner, Flenner Engineering ServicesE. C. Goodling, Jr., WorleyParsonsJ. W. Goodwin, Southern Co.T. E. Hansen, American Electric PowerR. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc.C. L. Henley, Black chemical, pharmaceuti-cal, textile, paper, semiconductor, and c
49、ryo-genic plants; and related processing plantsand terminalsB31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for LiquidHydrocarbons and Other Liquids: pipingtransporting products that are predominatelyliquid between plants and terminals andwithin terminals, pumping, regulating, andmetering stationsB31.5 Refrigeration Piping: piping for refrigerantsand se
