1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME BTH-12011(Revision of ASME BTH-12008)Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright ASME International Provided
2、 by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH-12011(Revision of ASME BTH-12008)Design ofBelow-the-HookLifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USACopyright ASME International Provide
3、d by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: January 25, 2012The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2014. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issu
4、es written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Periodically certain actions of the ASME BTH Committee may be published as Cases.Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they a
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13、Copyright 2012 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viCorresponden
14、ce With the BTH Committee . viiSummary of Changes viiiChapter 1 Scope, Definitions, and References . 11-1 Purpose . 11-2 Scope . 11-3 New and Existing Devices . 11-4 General Requirements . 11-5 Definitions 31-6 Symbols . 61-7 References . 9Chapter 2 Lifter Classifications. 122-1 General . 122-2 Desi
15、gn Category . 122-3 Service Class 13Chapter 3 Structural Design . 143-1 General . 143-2 Member Design . 163-3 Connection Design 223-4 Fatigue Design 293-5 Other Design Considerations . 31Chapter 4 Mechanical Design 414-1 General . 414-2 Sheaves . 414-3 Wire Rope . 424-4 Drive Systems . 434-5 Gearing
16、 . 444-6 Bearings . 444-7 Shafting . 464-8 Fasteners 484-9 Grip Ratio . 484-10 Vacuum Lifting Device Design . 494-11 Fluid Power Systems 49Chapter 5 Electrical Components . 515-1 General . 515-2 Electric Motors and Brakes . 515-3 Operator Interface . 525-4 Controllers and Rectifiers for Lifting Devi
17、ce Motors 535-5 Grounding 545-6 Power Disconnects . 545-7 Batteries . 54iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FiguresC3-1 Selected Examples of Table 3-1 Requirements . 23C3-2 Block Sh
18、ear 24C3-3 Pin-Connected Plate Notation 26C3-4 Stiffened Plate Lifting Beam 264-1 Sheave Dimensions 424-2 Sheave Gap 42Tables2-1 Service Class 13C2-1 Service Class Life 13C3-1 Design Category A Static Load Spectrum . 15C3-2 Design Category A Dynamic Load Spectrum . 15C3-3 Design Category B Static Lo
19、ad Spectrum . 15C3-4 Design Category B Dynamic Load Spectrum 153-1 Limiting WidthThickness Ratios for Compression Elements 183-2 Minimum Effective Throat Thickness of Partial-Penetration Groove Welds . 283-3 Minimum Sizes of Fillet Welds . 283-4 Allowable Stress Ranges, ksi (MPa) . 293-5 Fatigue Des
20、ign Parameters . 334-1 Strength Factors for Calculating Load Capacity (American Standard ToothForms) 454-2 L10Life 454-3a Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (ASME B17.1) 474-3b Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (DIN 6885-1) . 474-4 Fatigue Stress Amplification Factors 47ivCopyright ASME International Provi
21、ded by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThere have been many formal requests for interpretation of the limited structural design criteriastated within ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, a safety standard.
22、 As a consequence,industry has for quite some time expressed a need for a comprehensive design standard forbelow-the hook lifting devices that would complement the safety requirements of ASME B30.20.All editions of ASME B30.20 included structural design criteria oriented toward the industrialmanufac
23、turing community requiring a minimum design factor of three, based on the yield strengthof the material; recent editions also included design criteria for the fatigue failure mode. However,members of the construction community expressed the need for design criteria more suitable totheir operating co
24、nditions, including a lower design factor, and the necessity to address otherfailure modes such as fracture, shear and buckling, and design topics, such as impact and fasteners.A Design Task Group was created in 1997 to begin work on a design standard as a companiondocument to ASME B30.20. The ASME
25、BTH Standards Committee on the Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices was formed out of the Design Task Group and held its organizationalmeeting on December 5, 1999.ASME BTH-12005, Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, contained five chapters: Scopeand Definitions, Lifter Classifications, Stru
26、ctural Design, Mechanical Design, and ElectricalComponents. This Standard, intended for general industry and construction, sets forth twodesign categories for lifters based on the magnitude and variation of loading; and operatingand environmental conditions. The two design categories provide differe
27、nt design factors fordetermining allowable static stress limits. Five Service Classes, based on load cycles, are provided.The Service Class establishes allowable stress range values for lifter structural members anddesign parameters for mechanical components. ASME BTH-12005 was approved by the Ameri
28、canNational Standards Institute on October 18, 2005.A nonmandatory Commentary, which immediately follows applicable paragraphs, is includedto provide background for the Standards provisions. Users are encouraged to consult it.ASME BTH-1-2008 incorporated editorial revisions and two new mechanical de
29、sign sectionsfor grip ratio and vacuum-lifting device design. ASME BTH-12008 was approved by the AmericanNational Standards Institute on September 17, 2008.This edition of ASME BTH-12011 incorporates revisions throughout the Standard and theaddition of a new mechanical design section for fluid power
30、 systems. ASME BTH-12011 wasapproved by the American National Standards Institute on September 23, 2011.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH STANDARDS COMMITTEEDesign of Below
31、-the-Hook Lifting Devices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSD. Duerr, ChairD. R. Verenski, Vice ChairT. W. Schellens, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELG. A. Bond, Woods Powr-Grip Co., Inc.P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.
32、H. Bradley, Honorary MemberR. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics GroupJ. W. Downs, Jr., Honorary Member, Downs Crane and Hoist Co.D. Duerr, 2DM Associates, Inc.J. D. Edmundson, Konecranes/P however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format may be rewritte
33、n in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons
34、 aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The BTH Standards Committee regularly holds meetings,which are open
35、 to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretaryof the BTH Standards Committee.viiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH-12011SUMMARY OF CHANGES
36、Following approval by the ASME BTH Standards Committee, and after public review, ASMEBTH-12011 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 23, 2011.Revisions introduced within the 2011 edition of ASME BTH-1 are identified by a margin note, (11).Page Location Change15 1-2 N
37、ew fourth and sixth paragraphs added1-4 Paragraph 1-4.8 deleted1-5.1 Revised1-5.2 Revised1-5.3 Revised1-5.4 Revised68 1-6.1 Revised911 1-7 References updated19, 20 3-2.3.2 Revised21 3-2.3.6 Editorially revised25 3-3.3.1 Equations (3-47) and (3-48) revised44 4-5.4 References updated48 4-9 Revised49,
38、50 4-10.2 Revised4-10.3 Revised4-11 Added51 5-1.3 Revised52 5-3 Title revised53 5-3.8 Added5-4.6 Revised in its entirety54 5-6.3 Revised in its entirety5-7.3 RevisedviiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without
39、license from IHS-,-,-(11)ASME BTH-12011DESIGN OF BELOW-THE-HOOK LIFTING DEVICESChapter 1Scope, Definitions, and References1-1 PURPOSEThis Standard sets forth design criteria forASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices. ThisStandard serves as a guide to designers, manufacturers,purchasers, and use
40、rs of below-the-hook lifting devices.Commentary: This Standard has been developedin response to the need to provide clarification of theintent of ASME B30.20 with respect to the structuraldesign of below-the-hook lifting devices. Since the origi-nal publication of ASME B30.20 in 1986, users haverequ
41、ested interpretations of the construction (structuraldesign) requirements stated therein. The level of detailrequired to provide adequate answers to the questionssubmitted extends beyond that which can be coveredby interpretations of a B30 safety standard.1-2 SCOPEThis Standard provides minimum stru
42、ctural andmechanical design and electrical component selectioncriteria for ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook LiftingDevices.The provisions in this Standard apply to the designor modification of below-the-hook lifting devices. Com-pliance with requirements and criteria that may beunique to specialized indu
43、stries and environments isoutside of the scope of this Standard.Lifting devices designed to this Standard shall complywith ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices.ASME B30.20 includes provisions that apply to themarking, construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation
44、of below-the-hook liftingdevices.The provisions defined in this Standard address themost common and broadly applicable aspects of thedesign of below-the-hook lifting devices. The qualifiedperson shall determine the appropriate methods to beused to address design issues that are not explicitlycovered
45、 in the standard so as to provide design factorsand/or performance consistent with the intent of thisStandard.1Commentary: ASME BTH-1 addresses only designrequirements. As such, this Standard should be used inconjunction with ASME B30.20, which addresses safetyrequirements. ASME BTH-1 does not repla
46、ceASME B30.20. The design criteria set forth are minimumrequirements that may be increased at the discretion ofthe lifting device manufacturer or a qualified person.The design of lifting attachments may be addressedby existing industry design standards. In the absence ofsuch design standards, a qual
47、ified person should deter-mine if the provisions of BTH-1 are applicable.1-3 NEW AND EXISTING DEVICESThe effective date of this Standard shall be one yearafter its date of issuance. Lifting devices manufacturedafter the effective date shall conform to the requirementsof this Standard.When a lifter i
48、s being modified, its design shall bereviewed relative to this Standard, and the need to meetthis Standard shall be evaluated by the manufacturer ora qualified person.Commentary: It is not the intent of this Standard torequire retrofitting of existing lifting devices.1-4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS1-4.1 De
49、sign ResponsibilityLifting devices shall be designed by, or under thedirect supervision of, a qualified person.Commentary: Although always implied, this provi-sion now explicitly states that the design of below-the-hook lifting devices is the responsibility of a qualifiedperson. This requirement has been establi
