1、PROCESS PIPING:THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO ASME B31.3Third EditionbyCharles Becht IVASME Press New York 2009 by ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this public
2、ation may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS WORK HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS FROM SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELI
3、ABLE. HOWEVER, NEITHER ASME NOR ITS AUTHORS OR EDITORS GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION PUBLISHED IN THIS WORK. NEITHER ASME NOR ITS AUTHORS AND EDITORS SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION. THE WORK IS PUBLISH
4、ED WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT ASME AND ITS AUTHORS AND EDITORS ARE SUPPLYING INFORMATION BUT ARE NOT ATTEMPTING TO RENDER ENGINEERING OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF SUCH ENGINEERING OR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ARE REQUIRED, THE ASSISTANCE OF AN APPROPRIATE PROFESSIONAL SHOULD BE SOUGHT.ASME shall
5、not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or . . . printed in its publications (B7.1.3). Statement from the Bylaws.For authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under those circumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act, co
6、ntact the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: 978-750-8400, .The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:Becht, C.Process piping : the complete guide to ASME B31.3 / by Charles Becht IV.2nd ed.p. cm.Includes bibliographical referen
7、ces and index.ISBN 0-7918-0217-51. PipingStandards. I. Title.TJ930.B347 2004660.283dc222004046128Cover photo: HovensaRefi nery, St. Croix, USVICourtesy of HovensaTo My WifeMaryAnd ChildrenCharles, Derek, John, KristenvABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Becht is a recognized authority in pressure vessels, piping, e
8、xpansion joints, and elevated temperature design. He is President of Becht Engineering Co. Inc, a consulting engineering company that provides both process and equipment engineering services as well as project and turnaround services for the process and power industries; President of Becht Engineeri
9、ng Canada Ltd.; President of Helidex, LLC; and Director of Sonomatic Ltd. (also dba Becht Sonomatic in North America) an NDE company that provides advanced ultrasonic imaging equipment and services. He has performed numerous expert troubleshooting and failure investigations, design reviews and const
10、ruction inspections for capital projects into the billion dollar range, and consulting to manufacturers on design, development and code compliance for new and existing equip-ment. He was previously with Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International and Exxon Research and Engineering where he was a pr
11、essure equipment specialist. Dr. Becht is Chair of the ASME B31.3, Process Piping Committee; Chair (founding) of the Post Construction Subcommittee on Repair and Testing (PCC), and member of other ASME Committees including the Post Construction Standards Committee (past Chair); Post Construction Exe
12、cutive Com-mittee (past Chair); B B B31 Code for Pressure Piping Standards Committee; B31 Mechanical Design Committee; B31 Executive Committee; and is a past member of the Board on Pressure Technol-ogy Codes and Standards; the B and the B and the ASME PVP Division, Design and Analysis Committee.Dr.
13、Becht has developed and introduced many new concepts into ASME B31.3, including weld joint strength reduction factors, alternative rules for fl exibility analysis (Appendix P), new stress limits for occasional loads at elevated temperatures, and extension of f factors to unlimited numbers of cycles.
14、He received a PhD from Memorial University in Mechanical Engineering (dissertation: Behavior of Bellows), a MS from Stanford University in Structural Engineering and BSCE from Union College, New York. Chuck is a licensed professional engineer in 16 states and provinces, an ASME Fellow since 1996, re
15、cipient of the ASME Dedicated Service Award in 2001, and has more than 60 publications and fi ve patents.viiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThanks to my assistant, Mickey Smajda, who helped in the preparation of this book, to the ASME publications staff who were helpful, and Fred Tatar and Bob Sims who reviewed Cha
16、pter 17.Thanks also to Bill Short who encouraged me to join the ASME B31.3 Code Committee in 1986, Sam Zamrik who encouraged me to teach a half-day tutorial on ASME B31.3 at the ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Conference in 1992, and Chris Ziu who sponsored a series of three-day courses I taught on
17、ASME B31.3, which, in turn, led to this book.And to my colleagues on the ASME B31.3 Code Committee, with whom I have had many interesting discussions over the years, and the students in the courses I have taught that have, at times, asked diffi cult questions, that have greatly enriched this book.ix
18、WHATS NEW IN THE 2008 EDITION OF THIS BOOK?I felt it would be useful to the reader to summarize changes, in particular for those that may have spent the time to already read through the 2004 edition of this book. This is not a complete summary of changes, but provides most of the major changes. The
19、major additions relate to new Code requirements included in the 2006 and 2008 editions of ASME B31.3. These include the following.1. New requirements for weld joint strength reduction factors, in Section 3.4.2. Changes to Section VIII references to be consistent with the rewritten Code, in Section 4
20、.15, 9.3, Insert 9.2 and 17.6.3. Addition of requirement for valve stem retention, in Section 5.2.4. Update on various standards, in Chapter 5.5. Discussion of Code Case 178, which provides a specifi c equation for evaluation of longitudinal stresses due to sustained loads, in 6.2.6. New requirement
21、s for design of supports, in Section 9.3.7. Replacement for Table 12.2 with the revised version from the 2006 edition.8. Discussion of Code text added to clarify the intent of some progressive examination requirements, in Section 13.2.9. Addition of Code Case 181 to provide acceptance criteria for a
22、dvanced ultrasonic techniques that size defects, in Section 13.3.10. Additional requirements and discussion of subassemblies that have been previously tested, in Sec-tion 14.1.11. Revised hydrostatic test requirements, in Section 14.2.12. Addition of a Code Case for testing jacketed piping, in Secti
23、on 14.7.13. Changes to the pressure design equations for high pressure piping, in Section 17.3.14. Coverage of use of listed materials to other editions, in Section 17.7.15. Addition of leak test alternatives for high pressure piping, in Section 17.10.In addition, a few additional topics were covere
24、d. These include the following.1. Addition of the photo taken at the 125th meeting of the ASME B31.3 Section Committee.2. Addition of new Task Group H in the committee, in Section 1.6.3. Additional discussion of requirements for Listed Components, in Section 2.3.4. Mention of Appendix L, in Section
25、4.11.5. Discussion of ASME Research on stress limits for occasional loads at elevated temperatures, in Sec-tion 6.3.x Whats New in the 2008 Edition of This Book? 6. Mention of new considerations with respect to fatigue design rules, in Section 7.1.7. Mention of examples added to Appendix S in the 20
26、06 edition, in Section 8.1.8. Discussion of branch connection attachment welds, in Section 12.12.9. Reference to procedures to calculate stored energy and safe distances for pneumatic tests, in Section 14.3.10. Component pressure-temperature ratings in Appendix I were updated in accordance with chan
27、ges in the subject standards.Committee members and visitors at the 125th meeting of the ASME B31.3 Section CommitteeRow 1 (Left to Right): Melo, Cynthia; Kadakia, Dixit; Engle, Rex Ch IRG and SG C; Meyer, Jimmy Vice Chair; Becht, Charles Chair; Xiaoli (Shelly) Tang; Truong, Quy; Medvick, Richard; Na
28、lbandian, Ara; Shyu, JohnRow 2 (Left to Right): DAvanzo, Jerry Ch SG A; Rangus, Anthony; Hodgins, Jim; Tatar, Fred Ch SG G; Silvia, Robert Ch SG E; Babuder, Jerry; Koves, William Past B31.3 Ch; McLean, William; Woods, Glynn; Molina, III, Vicencio Ch SG H; Nath, ChandanRow 3 (Left to Right): McLeod,
29、Robert; Wendler, Joseph Secretary; Fraser, Douglas; Diehl, David Ch SG B; Smith, J. Larry; Widder, Chris; Ellenberger, James; Reinhardt, Gregory; Luf, JohnRow 4 (Left to Right): Haupt, Ronald; Campbell, Rich; Shipley, Kraig; Grichuk, Roy Ch SG D; Verone, Lou; May, Maurice; Glover, Donald Ch SG O; Ed
30、wards, Don; (Unidentifi ed)Row 5 (Left to Right): Moore, Craig; Frikken, Donald Past B31.3 Ch; Burnett, Gordon; Fetzner, David; Clark, Mark; Katcher, Mike; Prawdzik, Joe; Bojarczuck, RayxiiiCONTENTSAbout the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vAcknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiWhats New in the 2008 Edition of This Book? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . ixList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xixList of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiChapter 1Background and General Information (ASME B31.3, Foreword, Introduction and Chapter I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 History of ASME B31.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Scope of ASME B31.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 What is Piping? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.5.1 Owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.5.2 Designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5.3 Manufacturer, Fabricator, and Erector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5.4 Owners Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.
38、6 How is ASME B31.3 Developed and Maintained? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 Code Editions, Errata and Code Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.8 How Do I Get Answers to Questions About the Code? .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.9 How Can I Change the Code? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Chapter 2Organization of ASME B31.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.1 Fluid Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 Code Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.3 Listed Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.4 Listed Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . 132.5 Safeguarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Chapter 3Design Conditions and Criteria (ASME B31.3, Chapter II, Parts 1 and 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1 Desig
43、n Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1.1 Design Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1.2 Design Temperature . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Insert 3.1 Calculation of Wall Temperature for Refractory-Lined Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.1.3 Design Minimum Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.2 Allowable Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20xiv Contents 3.3 Quality Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.4 Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Insert 3.2 Background on Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.5 Allowances for Pres
47、sure and Temperature Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.6 Overpressure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Chapter 4Pressure Design (ASME B31.3, Chapter II, Part 2)
48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.1 Methods for Internal Pressure Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.2 Pressure Design of Straight Pipe for Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Insert 4.1 Sample Wall Thickness Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Insert 4.2 Basic Stress Calculations for Cylinders Under Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.3 Pressure Design of Straight Pipe Under External Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.4 Pressure Design of Welded Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.5 Pressure Design of Extruded Outlet Header . . . . . . . . . .
