1、Designation: A1000/A1000M 17Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1000/A1000M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four different grades of roundand shaped plain carbon and alloy steel spring wire, unifo
3、rm inquality and temper, intended for the manufacture of mechanicalsprings that can withstand moderate fatigue stresses over somerelatively low number of cycles. The quality level is betweenthe commercial quality grades of wire such as SpecificationsA401/A401M, A231/A231M, and A229/A229M and the val
4、vespring quality grades such Specifications as A230/A230M,A232/A232M, and A877/A877M. It is similar to the grade TD(referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for medium fatiguelevels, such as required for clutch springs. This wire shall beeither in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched andtempered condit
5、ion as specified by purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may
6、result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the Wo
7、rld Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A229/A229M Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched andTempered for Mechanical SpringsA230/A230M Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-TemperedCarbon Valve Spring QualityA231/A231M Specification fo
8、r Chromium-Vanadium AlloySteel Spring WireA232/A232M Specification for Chromium-Vanadium AlloySteel Valve Spring Quality WireA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA401/A401M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon AlloyA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and
9、Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA877/A877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloys, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy ValveSpring QualityA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel,
10、RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 European Standard:EN 10270-2 Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:Oil-Hardened and Tempered Springstee
11、l Wire of Unal-loyed and Alloyed Steels33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, seeTerminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 commercial quality wire, nwire that is fairly com-mon quality and intended for applications tha
12、t are primarilystatic in nature, or not involving significant fatigue loading.3.2.2 equivalent round diameter, ndiameter of a roundwire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shapedwire.3.2.3 shape factor, nthis value is used to obtain crosssectional area for shaped wires when multiplied
13、by measuredwidth and measured thickness.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Origi
14、nallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A1000/A1000M 11.DOI: 10.1520/A1000_A1000M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the st
15、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for Standardization, rue de Stassart36,B-1050 Brussels*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
16、9. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B
17、arriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.4 round wire, nwire having a circular cross section.3.2.5 flat wire, nwire having two parallel flats, with eitherround or square edges.3.2.6 shaped wire, nwire other than round wire and flatwire.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the pu
18、rchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements are permitted to include, butare not limited to the following,4.1.1 Quantity (mass),4.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel spe-cialty spring quality wire) and grade (Table 2 an
19、d Section 6),4.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 9),4.1.4 ConditionAnnealed and Cold Drawn, or Quenchand Tempered (Section 7),4.1.5 Packaging (Section 15), and4.1.6 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additionalrequirements, including but not limit
20、ed to:4.2.1 Requirements for certifications, heat analysis or testreports (see Sections 6.2 and 14),4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements(see Section 15), and4.2.3 Other special requirements, if any.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kgquenched and tempered
21、 chromium-silicon alloy steel specialty springquality wire, size 6.00 mm in 1500-kg coils to Specification A1000/A1000M, Grade A dated _, or for inch-pound units, or forinchpound units, 40 000-lb. quenched and tempered chromium-siliconalloy steel specialty spring quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 3000
22、-lb coils toSpecification A1000/A1000M, Grade A dated _.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast orstrand cast.5.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.6. Chemical
23、Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition specified in Table 2.6.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed bythe supplier to determine the percentage of elements prescribedin Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test specimenpreferably taken
24、during the pouring of the heat. Whenrequested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and shallconform to the requirements of Table 2.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The average of all the separate determinations made sh
25、all bewithin the limits specified in the analysis column.6.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnWhen purchased in theannealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have beengiven a sufficient amount o
26、f cold working to meet the purchas-ers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition toTABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsAnalysis, %Grade AChromium-SiliconGrade BCarbonGrade CChromium-VanadiumGrade DChromium-Silicon-VanadiumCarbon 0.51 to 0.59 0.55 to 0.75 0.60 to 0.70 0.55 to 0.68Manganese 0
27、.50 to 0.80 0.60 to 0.90 0.50 to 0.90 0.50 to 0.90Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 maxSilicon 1.20 to 1.60 0.15 to 0.30 0.15 to 0.30 1.20 to 1.65Chromium 0.60 to 0.80 . . . 0.35 to 0.60 0.50 to 0.80Vanadium . . . . . . 0.10 to 0.25 0.08 to
28、0.25“. . .” indicates that there is no requirement and that these elements are not required to be reported.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire Dimensions (Round andFlat)ASI UnitsDimension, mmPermissible Varia-tions, mmPermissible Out-Of-Round, mm0.5 to 2.0, incl 0.02 0.02Over 2.0 to 4.0, incl 0.0
29、3 0.03Over 4.0 to 9.5, incl 0.04 0.04Over 9.5 0.05 0.05Inch-Pound UnitsDimension, in.Permissible Varia-tions, in.Permissible Out-Of-Round, in.0.020 to 0.075, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.075 to 0.148, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.148 to 0.375, incl 0.0015 0.0015Over 0.375 0.002 0.002Permissible Variations in
30、Wire Dimensions (Flat)ASI UnitsDimension, mmThicknessPermissible Varia-tions, mmWidthPermissible Varia-tions, mmAll 0.05 0.120Inch-Pound UnitsDimension, in.ThicknessPermissible Varia-tions, in.WidthPermissible Varia-tions, in.All 0.002 0.005AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specific
31、ation, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.A1000/A1000M 172respond properly to heat treatment. In special cases the tensilestrength or hardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchaseorder.7.2 Quenched and Tempered:7.2.1 Tensile Strength and % Reduction of Area, RoundWir
32、eWhen purchased in the quenched and temperedcondition, the tensile strength shall conform to the require-ments prescribed in Tables 3-6. Minimum percent reduction inarea of round wire, sizes 2.34 mm 0.092 in. and larger shallconform to the requirements prescribed in Tables 3-6.7.2.2 Tensile Strength
33、 and % Reduction of Area, Shaped andFlat WireTensile strength of shaped and flat wires shallconform to Tables 3-6 based on the conversion to equivalentround diameter Percent reduction of area is not applicable toflat wires. Minimum percent reduction in area of shaped wireswith equivalent round wire
34、diameters of 2.50 mm 0.105 in.and larger shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTables 3-6.7.2.3 Tensile Strength VariationThe maximum tensilevariation in a coil shall be 70 MPa 10 ksi.7.2.4 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Ea
35、ch heat in a givenlot shall be tested.7.2.5 Location of TestsIt shall be permissible to take testspecimens from either end of the coil.7.2.6 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Anytensile test specimen breaking in the tensile grips shall bed
36、iscarded and a new specimen tested if the specified mechani-cal properties are not achieved. For shaped wires, crosssectional area shall be calculated either by using the procedurein Test Methods E8/E8M for uniform but nonsymmetricalcross-sections, or by measuring width and thickness andmultiplying
37、by a shape factor. Reduction of area for shapedwires shall be calculated by using this shape factor. Measurethe maximum and minimum dimension on the necked downsection and multiply by the shape factor to estimate the crosssectional area for use in the standard reduction of areacalculation.7.2.6.1 Up
38、on agreement between purchaser and supplier,the shape factor for the cross section design provided by thewire mill shall be permissible to be adopted for use. In othersituations if the shape factor is not available from the wire mill,the shape factor shall be calculated by measuring the crosssection
39、al area in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M anddividing by the width and thickness.TABLE 3 Tensile and % Reduction of Area RequirementsA(Chrome Silicon) Grade ASI UnitsDiameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max% Reduction of Area,minB0.5 2100 2280 . . .1.0 2070 2240 . . .1.5 2030 2210 . . .2.0 2000 2140 . .
40、.2.5 1965 2105 453.0 1930 2070 454.0 1900 2040 404.5 1830 1970 405.0 1810 1950 405.5 1790 1930 406.5 1760 1900 408.0 1730 1870 409.5 1690 1830 4011.0 1660 1800 3512.5 1630 1770 3514.0 1610 1750 3016.0 1590 1730 30Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. ksi, min ksi, max% Reduction of Area,minB0.020 305 330 .
41、. .0.040 300 325 . . .0.060 295 320 . . .0.080 290 310 . . .0.105 284 304 450.120 280 300 450.156 275 295 400.177 265 285 400.200 263 283 400.218 260 280 400.250 255 275 400.312 250 270 400.375 245 265 400.438 240 260 350.500 235 255 350.562 233 253 300.625 231 251 30ATensile strength values for int
42、ermediate diameters shall be interpolated.BThe reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.34 mm (0.092 in.). Forintermediate diameters, the reduction of area. requirement shall be that of the nextlarger wire.“. . .” indicates that there is no requirement.TABLE 4 Tensile and % Reduction
43、 of Area RequirementsA(Carbon) Grade BSI UnitsDiameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max% Reduction of area,minB0.5 1900 2070 . . .1.0 1860 2030 . . .2.0 1790 1960 . . .2.5 1760 1900 453.0 1720 1860 454.0 1650 1790 404.5 1580 1720 405.5 1510 1650 406.5 1480 1620 408.0 1450 1590 409.5 1410 1550 4012.5 1380 1520
44、3516.0 1350 1490 30Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. ksi, min ksi, max% Reduction of area,minB0.020 275 300 . . .0.040 270 295 . . .0.080 260 285 . . .0.105 255 275 450.120 250 270 450.156 240 260 400.177 235 255 400.218 225 245 400.250 215 235 400.312 210 230 400.375 205 225 400.500 200 220 350.625 195
45、 215 30ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.BThe reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.34 mm (0.092 in.). Forintermediate diameters, the reduction of area requirement shall be that of the nextlarger wire.“. . .” indicates that there is no requi
46、rement.A1000/A1000M 1737.3 Wrap Test:7.3.1 Grades A, B, and CRound quenched and temperedwire 4.00 mm 0.157 in. or smaller in diameter shall wrap onitself as an arbor without breakage. Larger diameter wire up toand including 8.00 mm 0.315 in. shall wrap without breakageon a mandrel twice the wire dia
47、meter. The wrap test is notapplicable to wire over 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameter or toshaped and flat wires.7.3.2 Grade DThe special high tensile chrome siliconvanadium grade of round quench and tempered wire 4.00 mm0.157 in. or smaller in diameter shall wrap on a mandrel twicethe diameter without b
48、reakage. Larger diameter wire up to andincluding 8.00 mm 0.315 in. shall wrap without breakage ona mandrel three times the wire diameter. The wrap test is notapplicable to wire over 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameter or toshaped and flat wires.7.3.3 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance w
49、ith Test Methods and Definitions A370.8. Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:8.1.1 The surface of the wire as received shall be free ofimperfections such as seams, pits, die marks, scratches, andother surface defects that are deeper than 1.0 % of the wirediameter for round wire or 1.0 % of the equivalent rounddiameter for shaped and flat wire.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom each end of every coil.8.1.3 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined afteretching in a solution of equal p
