1、Designation: A1044/A1044M 16aStandard Specification forSteel Stud Assemblies for Shear Reinforcement ofConcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1044/A1044M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers steel stud assemblies for shearreinforcement of concrete. Stud assemblies consist of
3、 eithersingle-headed studs (Type 1) attached to a structural steel baserail by structural welding or stud welding, or double-headedstuds (Type 2) mechanically crimped into a non-structural steelshape or attached to a steel plate by spot welding or tackwelding. These stud assemblies are not intended
4、for use asshear connectors in steel-concrete composite construction.NOTE 1The configuration of the studs for stud assemblies is muchdifferent than the configuration of the headed-type studs prescribed inSection 7, Figure 7.1 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Ratios of the cross-sectionalareas of the head-to-shank
5、of the AWS D1.1/D1.1M studs range fromabout 2.5 to 4. In contrast, this specification requires the area of the headof the studs for stud assemblies to be at least 10 times the area of theshank. Thus, the standard headed-type studs in Section 7, Figure 7.1 ofAWS D1.1/D1.1M do not conform to the requi
6、rements of this specifica-tion for use as stud assemblies for shear reinforcement.1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in eitherinch-pound units or in SI units.1.3 The values stated either in inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shownin b
7、rackets. The values stated in each system are not exactequivalents; therefore, each system must be used indepen-dently of the other. Combining values from the two systemsmay result in nonconformance with this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General
8、 Requirements for SteelBars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification fo
9、r Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement2.2 AWS Standard:3AWS D1.1/D1.1M-2004 Structural Welding CodeSteel2.3 U.S. Military Standards:4MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Shipmentand Storage2.4 U.S. Federal Standard:
10、4Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 base rail, nthe steel shape or plate that a group ofheaded studs is attached to by welding or other means.3.1.1.1 DiscussionStud assemblies comprised of single-headed studs
11、(Type 1) require a base rail; the base rail acts asa structural element to provide anchorage to the concrete. Forstud assemblies in which double-headed studs (Type 2) aremechanically crimped into a steel shape, for example, into asteel channel, the base rail is not required to provide anchorageto th
12、e concrete; the purpose of the base rail is to hold the studsin the appropriate location, direction, and spacing until theconcrete is cast. For stud assemblies in which double-headedstuds (Type 2) are attached to a steel plate by spot welding ortack welding, the steel plate is not required to provid
13、eanchorage to the concrete; the purpose of the steel plate is tohold the studs in the appropriate location, direction, andspacing until the concrete is cast.3.1.2 headed stud, na steel bar used in the reinforcementof concrete that has a head formed at one or both ends.4. Ordering Information4.1 It s
14、hall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered to this1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.05 on Steel Reinfo
15、rcement.Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A1044/A1044M 16.DOI: 10.1520/A1044_A1044M-16A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
16、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 Street, #130,Miami, FL 33166-6672, http:/www.aws.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bld
17、g. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1specification. Such requirements
18、 shall include but are notlimited to the following:4.1.1 Name of product: stud assemblies for shear reinforce-ment of concrete,4.1.2 Quantity of studs by diameter,4.1.3 Number of heads per stud,4.1.4 Dimensions of base rail, if included,4.1.5 Overall height of stud assembly,4.1.6 Number of studs per
19、 each assembly and their spacing(see Note 2),4.1.7 Requirements for inspection (11.1),4.1.8 Packaging, and4.1.9 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE 2In the case of ordering studs rather than assemblies, the lengthof the studs should be specified such that the appropriate height of the studassemb
20、ly is achieved.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Headed Studs:5.1.1 Type 1 single-headed studs and Type 2 double-headedstuds shall be manufactured from steel conforming to Specifi-cation A29/A29M, Grades 1010 through 1020. The studmaterial and base rail material shall conform to the require-ments for
21、tensile properties prescribed in Table 1.5.1.2 For Type 2 double-headed studs manufactured fromdeformed steel reinforcing bars, the deformed bars shallconform to Specification A615/A615M or Specification A706/A706M, Grade 60 420.5.2 Base Rails:5.2.1 For stud assemblies in which the studs (Type 1) ar
22、ewelded to a base rail, the base rail material shall conform to5.2.1.1, 5.2.1.2,or5.2.1.3.5.2.1.1 The base rail material, except for tensile properties,shall conform to Specification A36/A36M or equivalent. Thebase rail material shall conform to the requirements for tensileproperties prescribed in T
23、able 2.5.2.1.2 Base rail material conforming to the minimumrequired tensile properties in Specification A36/A36M shall bepermitted provided the base rail thickness is increased by afactor equal to the minimum yield strength specified in Table 2divided by the minimum yield strength required by Specif
24、ica-tion A36/A36M.5.2.1.3 Base rail material selected by the manufacturer shallbe permitted subject to agreement with the purchaser. Themanufacturer shall furnish documentation to the purchaser inthe form of test reports that confirms the suitability of theselected base rail material for: (1) manufa
25、cturing stud assem-blies; and (2) structural adequacy of the stud assemblies for theintended application.5.2.2 For stud assemblies in which single-headed (Type 1)studs are attached to base rails by stud welding, the studwelding shall conform to AWS D1.1/D1.1M, including theprovisions for production
26、control, and fabrication and verifi-cation requirements.5.2.3 For stud assemblies in which double-headed studs(Type 2) are mechanically crimped into a steel shape, the steelshape shall be sufficiently stiff to hold the studs in theappropriate location, direction, and spacing.5.2.4 For stud assemblie
27、s in which double-headed studs(Type 2) are attached to a steel plate by spot welding or tackwelding, the steel plate shall be sufficiently stiff to hold thestuds in the appropriate location, direction and spacing.5.3 Dimensions:5.3.1 Minimum dimensions of Type 1 single-headed studsand plate base rai
28、ls shall conform to Table 3.5.3.2 Minimum dimensions of Type 2 double-headed studsshall conform to Table 4.NOTE 3The configurations of stud assemblies are shown in Fig. 1.5.3.3 Headed studs with heads that have variable thicknessshall be permitted, provided they meet the tensile requirementsof this
29、specification.6. Tensile Tests6.1 At periodic intervals, tensile tests of the headed studwith a single or double head formed at one or both ends of theshank or welded to the base rail shall be performed as specifiedin the quality assurance program of the manufacturer andagreed upon by the purchaser.
30、 Tensile tests on the studs shall beconducted by the assembly manufacturer, or an inspectionagency, or the stud manufacturer.6.2 Tensile testing shall be performed in accordance withthe requirements described in Test Methods and DefinitionsA370. Tensile testing of headed studs shall be performed usi
31、nga test fixture as described in Section 7.3.2 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M.7. Acceptance Criteria7.1 In addition to meeting the strength requirements of 5.1and 5.2, no observed partial or total fracture of the head, thestud weld, or the stud-to-base rail connection shall be permit-ted. The failure shall occur
32、 either in the stud material aminimum of one-half shank diameter from the head-to-shankor the stud-to-base rail connection, or by tearing a hole in thebase rail. Failure of the head or stud-to-base rail connectionwithin the attachment region shall be cause for rejection. Thetensile force at which fa
33、ilure occurs shall exceed the minimumspecified yield strength of the stud material.8. Number of Tests8.1 A minimum of two tensile tests shall be conductedduring a production shift or period. It shall be permissible toTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsStud MaterialType 1 and Type2 StudsTensile strength, mi
34、n, psi MPa 65 000 450Yield strength, min, psi MPa 51 000 350Elongation in 2 in. 50 mm, min, % 20Reduction of area, min, % 50TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsBase Rail MaterialATensile strength, min, psi MPa 65 000 450Yield strength, min, psi MPa 44 000 300Elongation in 8 in. 200 mm, min, % 20AType 1 stud
35、s welded to base rail.A1044/A1044M 16a2test separate base rail material of the same thickness, chemicalcomposition, and configuration of the base rails used inproduction. One test at the start and one test at the end of each8-h production shift or less than 8-h production period, or atrandom interva
36、ls during the production period, shall be con-ducted.TABLE 3 Minimum DimensionsType 1 Single-Headed Studs and Base RailsStud Shank Stud Head Base RailADiameter (d),in. mmBDiameter (D),in. mmCThickness (th),in. mmRadius at Connectionof Stud Shankwith Stud Head,in. mmWidth (b),in. mmThickness (tp),in.
37、 mm0.375 9.5 1.19 30.1 0.21 5.3 0.25 6.4 1.00 25.4316 4.80.500 12.7 1.58 40.2 0.28 7.1 0.25 6.4 1.25 31.814 6.50.625 15.9 1.98 50.2 0.35 8.9 0.25 6.4 1.75 44.5516 7.90.750 19.1 2.37 60.2 0.42 10.7 0.375 9.5 2.00 50.838 9.5ALength of base rail specified by purchaser.BTolerance: 0.010 in. 0.25 mm.CTol
38、erance: 0.015 in. 0.38 mm.TABLE 4 Minimum DimensionsType 2 Double-Headed StudsStud Shank Stud HeadBar Designation No.Diameter (d),in. mmNiniume Cross-SectionalArea,Ain. mmThickness (E)3 10 0.375 9.5 1.10 710Thickness required tomeet minimum tensilestrength and acceptancecriteria4 13 0.500 12.7 2.00
39、12905 16 0.625 15.9 3.10 19906 19 0.750 19.1 4.40 28408 25 1.000 25.4 7.90 5100TolerancesSpecification A615/A615Mor A706/A706MSpecification A615/A615Mor A706/A706M+0.08 in./0.12 in.+2 mm/3 mmAStud head may be any shape: round, square, or rectangular.FIG. 1 Stud Assemblies: (a) Type 1 Single-Headed S
40、tuds Welded to a Base Rail; (b) Type 2 Double-Headed Studs Crimped into a SteelChannel; (c) Type 2 Double-Headed Studs Spot Welded or Tack Welded to a Steel Plate; (d) Detail of Type 1 Head; (e) Detail of Type 2HeadA1044/A1044M 16a38.2 In the event different heats of stud or base rail materialwithin
41、 the same material specification are used to produce studassemblies during a production run, a minimum of two tensiletests in accordance with Section 6 shall be conducted to verifythe production method, product quality, and weldability of theheats of materials prior to continuing production.8.3 Any
42、identified procedural or performance deficienciesshall be corrected and testing repeated until the tensile testresults meet the requirements of this specification.9. Retests9.1 If the tension test fails before meeting the specifiedminimum yield strength of the headed stud material in accor-dance wit
43、h 5.1, but is within 2000 psi 14 MPa of the requiredtensile strength, and if the fracture is not located withinone-half shank diameter from the head-to-shank or stud-to-base rail connection, then a retest shall be allowed. Twospecimens taken at random from the production lot shall betested during a
44、retest. Both assembled specimens shall pass theminimum yield strength requirements of 5.1 and 5.2 or the lotshall be rejected.9.2 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasonssuch as failure of the testing equipment or from flaws causedby specimen preparation, shipment or other damage unr
45、elatedto fabrication or testing, it shall be discarded and anotherspecimen from the same production lot substituted.10. Finish10.1 Finished studs shall be of uniform quality andcondition, free of discontinuous laps, seams, fins, or otherdiscontinuities that would adversely affect welding or struc-tu
46、ral strength of the studs. Radial cracks or bursts in the head(s)of the studs shall not be cause for rejection provided that thelength of cracks or bursts do not exceed the value 0.25 times(head diameter shank diameter), or using the notation in Fig.1: 0.25 (D d ). Surface rust and mill scale shall
47、not be causefor rejection provided they do not adversely affect welding orstructural strength of the stud assembly.NOTE 4Heads of studs are subject to cracks or bursts, which are termsfor the same thing. Cracks or bursts designate an abrupt interruption of theperiphery of the stud head by radial sep
48、aration of the metal.11. Inspection11.1 Inspection of the stud assemblies shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of thepurchase order or contract.12. Rejection12.1 The purchaser shall have the right to perform any ofthe inspections and tests as set forth in this speci
49、fication asdeemed necessary. Unless otherwise specified, any rejectionbased on tests made in accordance with this specification shallbe reported to the manufacturer within five working days fromthe receipt of samples by the purchaser.12.2 Material which does not meet the requirements of thisspecification subsequent to its acceptance at the manufacturersfacilities shall be subject to rejection, and the manufacturershall be promptl
