1、Designation: A 182/A 182M 09Endorsed by Manufacturers StandardizationSociety of the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forForged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-TemperatureService1This standard i
2、s issued under the fixed designationA 182/A 182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editor
3、ial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers forged low alloy and stainlesssteel piping components for use in pressure systems. Includedare flanges, fittings, valves, and simil
4、ar parts to specifieddimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASMEspecifications that are referenced in Section 2.1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar (otherthan those directly addressed by this specification; see 5.4),refer to SpecificationsA 479/A 479M andA 739 for the s
5、imilargrades available in those specifications. Products made to thisspecification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb4540 kg. For larger products and products for other applica-tions, refer to Specifications A 336/A 336M and A 965/A 965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, resp
6、ec-tively, available in those specifications.1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, marten-sitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are in-cluded in this specification. Selection will depend upon designand service requirements.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provi
7、ded for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (S
8、I units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each sys
9、tem mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to the referenced documents listed in Speci-ficationA 961/A 961M, the following list of standards apply tothis specification.2.
10、2 ASTM Standards:3A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA 336/A 336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings forPressure and High-Temperature PartsA 370 Test Methods a
11、nd Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 479/A 479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA 739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy
12、, Hot-Wrought, forElevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, orBothA 763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-lar Attack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 961/A 961M Specification for Common Requirementsfor Steel F
13、langes, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts forPiping ApplicationsA 965/A 965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic,for Pressure and High Temperature PartsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 340 Test Method for Macroetching M
14、etals and Alloys2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingM
15、aterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 182/A 182M 08a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-182 in Section II
16、 of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical
17、Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Section
18、IX Welding QualificationsSFA-5.4 Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromiumand Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding ElectrodesSFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding ElectrodesSFA-5.9 Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromiumand Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and
19、BareElectrodesSFA-5.11 Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Cov-ered Welding Electrodes3. Ordering Information3.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. In addition to the ordering information guidelines inSpecif
20、icationA 961/A 961M, orders should include the follow-ing information:3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 6.2.1, Table 2 footnotes,8.3, and 17.2), and3.1.2 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submitdrawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forgingbefore machining and the exact loc
21、ation of test specimenmaterial (see 8.3.1).4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, includingany supplementary requirements that are indicated in thepurchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-me
22、nts of Specification A 961/A 961M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A 961/A 961M, this specification shall prevail.5. Manufacture5.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by theopen-hearth, e
23、lectric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process with theoption of separate degassing and refining processes in eachcase.5.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of thefollowing processes: (a) electric-furnace (with the option ofseparate degassing and refining processes); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) o
24、ne of the former followed by vacuum orelectroslag-consumable remelting. Grade F XM-27Cb may beproduced by electron-beam melting.5.3 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious piping and undue segregation.5.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable tothe specified
25、 shape and size.5.4.1 Flanges of any type, elbows, return bends, tees, andheader tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.5.4.2 Cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined fromforged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel barwithout additional hot working.5.4.3 Small cylindr
26、ically-shaped low alloy and martensiticstainless steel parts, NPS-4 DN 100 and under, may bemachined from forged or rolled bar, without additional hotworking.5.5 Except as provided for in 5.4, the finished product shallbe a forging as defined in the Terminology section of Specifi-cation A 788/A 788M
27、.6. Heat Treatment56.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a tem-perature below 1000 F 538 C prior to heat treating inaccordance with the requirements of Table 1.6.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic StainlessSteelsThe low alloy steels and ferritic and martensiticstainless ste
28、els shall be heat treated in accordance with therequirements of 6.1 and Table 1.6.2.1 Liquid QuenchingWhen agreed to by the purchaser,liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permittedprovided the temperatures in Table 1 for each grade areutilized.6.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched
29、 and tem-pered shall be marked “QT.”6.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and2 may be given a heat treatment of 1200 F 650 C minimumafter final hot or cold forming.6.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless SteelsTheaustenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall b
30、e heattreated in accordance with the requirements of 6.1 and Table 1.6.3.1 Alternatively, immediately following hot working,while the temperature of the forging is not less than theminimum solution annealing temperature specified in Table 1,forgings made from austenitic grades (except grades F 304H,
31、F 309H, F 310, F 310H, F 316H, F 321, F 321H, F 347,F 347H, F 348, F 348H, F 45, and F 56) may be individuallyrapidly quenched in accordance with the requirements of Table1.6.3.2 See Supplementary Requirement S8 if a particularheat treatment method is to be employed.6.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat tr
32、eatment of forgingsmay be performed before machining.6.5 Forged or Rolled BarForged or rolled austeniticstainless bar from which cylindrically shaped parts are to bemachined, as permitted by 5.4, and the parts machined fromsuch bar, without heat treatment after machining, shall befurnished to the an
33、nealing requirements of SpecificationA 479/A 479M or this specification, with subsequent light colddrawing and straightening permitted (see Supplementary Re-quirement S3 if annealing must be the final operation).5A solution annealing temperature above 1950 F 1065 C may impair theresistance to interg
34、ranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to sensitizingconditions in F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specified bythe purchaser, a lower temperature stabilization or resolution annealing shall be usedsubsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal (see Supplementar
35、yRequirement S10).A 182/A 182M 092TABLE 1 Heat Treating RequirementsGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperature,Minimum orRange, F CLow Alloy SteelsF 1 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 165
36、0 900 air coolB1150 620F 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 5, F 5a anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 9 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 10 solution treat and quench 1
37、900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 91 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 122 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 911 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool or liquid
38、B13651435 740-780F 11, Class 1, 2, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 12, Class 1, 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 21, F 3V, and F3VCbanneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250
39、 675F 22, Class 1, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1250 675F 22V normalize and temper orquench and temper1650 900 air cool or liquidB1250 675F 23 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolaccelerated coolB13501470 730800F 24 normalize and temper 1800-1975
40、980-1080 air coolor liquidB13501470 730800FR anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize 1750 955 air coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 36, Class 1 normalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1100 595F 36, Class 2 normalize and temperquench and temper1650 9001650 900air coolaccelerated air
41、 coolor liquidB1100 5951100 595Martensitic Stainless SteelsF 6a Class 1 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1325 725temper not requiredBB1325 725F 6a Class 2 anneal not specified furnace coolnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1250 6
42、75temper not required 1250 675F 6a Class 3 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1100 595F 6a Class 4 anneal not specified furnace coolnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1000 540F 6b anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper
43、1750 955 air cool 400 205 1150 620F 6NM normalize and temper 1850 1010 air cool 200 95 1040-1120 560-600Ferritic Stainless SteelsF XM-27 Cb anneal 1850 1010 furnace coolBBF 429 anneal 1850 1010 furnace coolF 430 anneal not specified furnace coolA 182/A 182M 093TABLE 1 ContinuedGrade Heat Treat Type
44、Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperature,Minimum orRange, F CAustenitic Stainless SteelsF 304 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 304H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 304L solution treat
45、and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 304N solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 304LN solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 309H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 310 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 310H solution treat and quench
46、 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 310MoLN solution treat and quench 19002010 10501100 liquid 500 260BF 316 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316L solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316N solution treat and quench
47、 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316LN solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316Ti solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 317 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 317L solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 347 solution treat and quench 1900 1040
48、 liquid 500 260BF 347H solution treat and quench 2000 1095 liquid 500 260BF 348 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 348H solution treat and quench 2000 1095 liquid 500 260BF 321 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 321H solution treat and quench 2000 1095 liquid 500 260BF XM-11 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF XM-19 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 20 solution treat and quench 1700-1850 925-1010 liquid 500 260BF 44 solution treat and quench 2100 1150 liquid 500 260BF 45 solution treat and quench 1900
