1、Designation: A 193/A 193M 08aStandard Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for HighTemperature or High Pressure Service and Other SpecialPurpose Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 193/A 193M; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agenc
3、ies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers alloy and stainless steel bolt-ing material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittingsfor high temperature or high pressure service, or other specialpurpose applications. The term bolting material as used in thisspecifi
4、cation covers bars, bolts, screws, studs, stud bolts, andwire. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought. The material may befurther processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated orcarbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strainhard
5、ened austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly under-stood.1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels andaustenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth.Selection will depend upon design, service conditions,
6、 me-chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has includedfifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the presentpurpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by thecommittee from time to time as the
7、 need becomes apparent.NOTE 2For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use atthe lower range of high temperature applications, reference should bemade to Specification A 354.NOTE 3For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use inlow temperature applications, reference shou
8、ld be made to SpecificationA 320/A 320M.1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered inSection 14.1.4 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S14 are pro-vided for use when additional tests or inspection are desired.These shall apply only when specified in the purchase order.1.5 This specif
9、ication is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable M specification designation (SI units), the materialshall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as stan
10、dard. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with thespecification. Within the text, the SI units are shown inbrackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
11、Standards:3A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for Low-T
12、emperature ServiceA 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered AlloySteel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-ersA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirementsfor Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Int
13、endedfor Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the CreepRangeB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelB 696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB 766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-mium1This specification is under t
14、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 200
15、8. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 193/A 193M-08.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orc
16、ontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
17、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of MetallicMaterialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-
18、Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE 150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep andCreep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials UnderConditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times4E 151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of MetallicMaterials at Elevated Temperatures With Rapid Heatingand Co
19、nventional or Rapid Strain Rates4E 292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-RuptureNotch Tension Tests of MaterialsE 328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials andStructuresE 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sortingof Ferrous MetalsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE
20、606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingF 1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or CoatedFastenersF 1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)2.2 ANSI Standards:5B18.2.1 S
21、quare and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.1M Metric Hex Cap ScrewsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket ScrewsB18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws2.3 AIAG Standard:6AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 The inquiry an
22、d orders shall include the following, asrequired, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is, normalized and tem-pered, or quenched and tempered, for the ferritic materials, andcarbide solution treated (Class 1), carbide solution treated afterfinishing (Class 1
23、A), and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2B and 2C), for the austenitic stainlesssteels; Classes 1B and 1C apply to the carbide solution-treatednitrogen-bearing stainless steels; Class 1D applies to materialcarbide solution treated by cooling rapidly from the rollingtemperatu
24、re),3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,screws, or studs),3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with14.1,3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 7.1.5.1,7.2.6, 9.1, 14.1, and 15.1.3.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibi
25、ted unless specified bythe purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).When coated fasteners are ordered the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4. Common Requirements4.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shallconform
26、to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimen-sions, marking, certification, optional supplementary require-ments, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements ofSpecification A 962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance withthis sp
27、ecification. In case of conflict between this specificationand Specification A 962/A 962M, this specification shall pre-vail.5. Manufacture (Process)5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the followingprocesses: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, orvacuum-induction melting (VIM). The mo
28、lten steel may bevacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strandcasting.5.2 QualitySee Specification A 962/A 962M for require-ments.6. Discard6.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious piping and undue segregation.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Ferritic Steels7.1.1
29、 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperaturebelow the cooling transformation range immediately afterrolling or forging. Materials to be liquid quenched shall then beuniformly reheated to the proper temperature to refine the grain(a group thus reheated being known as a quenching charge)
30、,quenched in a liquid medium under substantially uniformconditions for each quenching charge, and tempered. Materialsto be normalized and tempered or air-quenched and temperedshall be reheated to the proper temperature to refine the grain,cooled uniformly in air to a temperature below the transfor-m
31、ation temperature range and tempered. The minimum tem-pering temperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.4Withdrawn.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group
32、(AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A 193/A 193M 08a2TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)AType. Ferritic SteelsGrade B5 B6andB6XDescription 5%Chromium 12%ChromiumUNS Designation S41000 (410)Range Product Variation, Range Product VariationOver
33、or UnderBOver or UnderBCarbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.080.15 0.01 overManganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 overChromium 4.06.0 0.10 11.513.5 0.15Molybdenum 0.40
34、0.65 0.05 . . . . . .Type Ferritic SteelsGrade B7,B7M B16Description . Chromium-MolybdenumCChromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct Variation, Product Variation,Range Over or UnderBRange Over or UnderBCarbon 0.370.49D0.02 0.360.47 0.02Manganese 0.651.10 0.04 0.450.70 0.03Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over
35、0.035 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSilicon 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.751.20 0.05 0.801.15 0.05Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02 0.500.65 0.03Vanadium . . . . . . 0.250.35 0.03Aluminum, max %E. . 0.015 .Type Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1, 1A, 1D, and 2Grade . . B8, B8A B8C
36、, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PAUNS Designation S30400 (304) S34700 (347) S31600 (316) S30500RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 o
37、ver 0.12 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.0
38、0 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 9.012.0 0.15 10.014.0 0.15 11.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . . .Columbium + . . . . . . 10 x carbon 0.05 under . . . . . . . . . . . .tantalum content, mi
39、n;1.10 maxType Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade. B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0
40、.01 over 0.020 0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010 0.002 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0
41、 0.20 19.520.5 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15 17.518.5 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 6.06.5 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01 0.180.22 0.02Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.501.00 . . .A 193/A 193M 08a3TABLE 1 ContinuedType. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B
42、8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.012.0 0.15Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 underNi
43、trogen 0.10 max . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1DGrade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SAUNS Designation S20910 S21800RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 overManganese 4.06.0 0.05 7.09.0 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.
44、060 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.54.5 0.15Chromium 20.523.5 0.25 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 11.513.5 0.15 8.09.0 0.10Molybdenum 1.503.00 0.10 . . . . . .Nitrogen 0.200.40 0.02 0.080.18 0.01Columbium + tantalum 0.100.30 0.05 . . . . . .Vanadium 0.100.30
45、 0.02 . . . . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNAUNS Designation S30453 S31653RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overManganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.04
46、5 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01AThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb
47、is not permitted.BProduct analysisIndividual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individualelement in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.CTypical steel compositions used for this grade i
48、nclude 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.DFor bar sizes over 312 in. 90 mm, inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted, providedthat the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AIS
49、I 4130 or 4130H is allowed.ETotal of soluble and insoluble.FClasses 1 and 1D are solution treated. Classes 1, 1B, and some 1C (B8R and B8S) products are made from solution treated material. Class 1A (B8A, B8CA, B8MA,B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, and B8MNA) and some Class 1C (B9RA and B8SA) products are solution treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products aresolution treated and strain hardened.A 193/A 193M 08a4TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements Inch ProductsGrade Diameter, in.MinimumTemperingTemperature
