1、Designation: A234/A234M 131Used in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forPiping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel forModerate and High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.
3、S. Department of Defense.1NOTETable 2 editorially corrected in January 2014.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers wrought carbon steel andalloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction coveredby the latest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79,MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. Thes
4、e fittings arefor use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication forservice at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differ-ing from these ASME and MSS standards shall be furnished inaccordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specifi-cation A960/A960M.1.2 Optional supplementa
5、ry requirements are provided forfittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. Whendesired, one or more of these supplementary requirements maybe specified in the order.1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings orfittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fitti
6、ngs aregoverned by Specifications A216/A216M and A217/A217M.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values sta
7、ted in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems
8、may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed inSpecification A960/A960M, the following list of standardsapply to this specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-able for Fusi
9、on Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements forWrought Steel Piping Fittings2.3 ASME Standards:4B16.9 Steel B
10、utt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section VSection VIII, Division 1Section IX2.5 MSS Standards:5MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,Flanges, and UnionsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-S
11、P-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding andThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch OutletFittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and ButtweldingEnds1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related
12、Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originallyapproved in 1940. Last previous editi
13、on approved in 2011 as A234/A234M11a.DOI: 10.1520/A0234_A0234M-13E01.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-234 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast
14、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Manu
15、facturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unit
16、ed States12.6 ASNT Standard:6SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for NondestructiveTesting Personnel Qualification and Certification2.7 AWS Specifications7A5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodesfor Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes and Fl
17、uxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux CoredArc Welding3. Ordering Information3.1 See Specification A960/A960M.4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specifica
18、tion shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi-cation. In case of a conflict between t
19、he requirements of thisspecification and Specification A960/A960M, this specificationshall prevail.5. Materials5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of killed steel,forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or fusion-weldedtubular products with filler metal added and shall conform tothe chem
20、ical requirements of Table 1. Unless otherwise speci-fied for carbon steel plates and sheet, the steel may be made toeither coarse grain or fine grain practice. Grade WP9 shall bemade to fine grain practice.5.2 A starting material specification that specifically re-quires the addition of any element
21、 beyond those listed for thematerials in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is notpermitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or thejudicious use of elements for grain size control.6. Manufacture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed byhammering, pressing, piercing
22、, extruding, upsetting, rolling,bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination oftwo or more of these operations. The forming procedure shallbe so applied that it will not produce injurious imperfections inthe fittings.6.2 Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined fromhot-forged or rolled, c
23、old-sized, and straightened bar stockhaving the chemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 andthe mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heattreatment shall be in accordance with Section 7. All capsmachined from bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrantor magnetic particle in accorda
24、nce with S52 or S53 inSpecification A960/A960M.6.3 All welds including welds in tubular products fromwhich fittings are made shall be (1) made by welders, weldingoperators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi-sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance withSection 7 of this
25、 specification, and (3) radiographically exam-ined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordancewith Article 2, ASME Section V with acceptance limits inaccordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section VIII,Division 1 of the ASME Boiler SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + flux; GTAW,A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B
26、9; and FCAWA5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9. In addition, the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumablesused to fabricate WP91 fittings shall not exceed 1.0 %.6.3.2 All welds in WP92 and WP911 shall be made usingwelding consumables meeting the chemical requirements forthe grade in Table 1.6.4 Personnel performin
27、g NDE examinations shall be quali-fied in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.6.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished inaccordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a)ofASME Section VIII, Division 1.6.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth-od(s) shall be liquid penetran
28、t or magnetic particle examinedby one of the methods specified in Supplementary RequirementS52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M. This examinationshall be performed after final heat treat. Only the side wall areaof the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a circlethat covers the area from
29、 the weld bevel of the branch outlet tothe center line of the body or run. Internal and external surfacesshall be examined when size permits accessibility. No cracksshall be permitted. Other imperfections shall be treated inaccordance with Section 14 on Surface Quality. After theremoval of any crack
30、, the tee(s) shall be re-examined by theoriginal method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with thesymbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.6.7 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added bythe welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloygrade and composition, to th
31、e outside of a straight section ofpipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetrationjoint, satisfies the requirements of 6.3 for qualifications and7.3.4 for post weld heat treatment.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Heat Treatment ProceduresFittings, after forming atan elevated temperature, shall be
32、 cooled to a temperature6Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.7Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A234/A234M 1312below the cri
33、tical range under suitable conditions to preventinjurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no casemore rapidly than the cooling rate in still air. Heat treatmenttemperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat-treated fittings shall be treated according to paragraph 7 inSpecific
34、ation A960/A960M.7.2 WPB, WPC, and WPR Fittings :7.2.1 Hot-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings uponwhich the final forming operation is completed at a temperatureabove 1150 F 620 C and below 1800 F 980 C need notbe heat treated provided they are cooled in still air.7.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC,
35、 and WPR fittingsfinished at temperature in excess of 1800 F 980 C shallsubsequently be annealed, normalized, or normalized andtempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4 or smaller need not beheat treated.7.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings over NPS 12, producedby locally heating a portion of the fitting stoc
36、k to anytemperature for forming, shall be subsequently annealed,normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fittings such aselbows, tees, header tees, reducers and lap joint stub ends withTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.NOTE 2Where an ellipsis (
37、.) appears in this table, there is no requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.Grade andMarkingSymbolAComposition, %Carbon ManganesePhospho-rusSulfur Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper OthersWPBB,C,D,E,0.30 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.
38、40 Vanadium 0.08WPCC,D,E,0.35 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08WP1 0.28 0.300.90 0.045 0.045 0.100.50 . . . 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL1, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.801.25 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL2 .WP11 CL1 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.5
39、01.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL2, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.040 0.040 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL3 .WP22 CL1, 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 1.902.60 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .WP22 CL3 .WP24 0.050.10 0.300.70 0.020 0.010 0.150.45 2.202.60 0.901.10 . . . 0.751.2
40、5 Aluminum 0.020Boron 0.00150.0070Nitrogen 0.12Titanium 0.060.10Vanadium 0.200.30WP5 CL1, 0.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 4.06.0 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP5 CL3 .WP9 CL1,WP9 CL30.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .WPR 0.20 0.401.06 0.045 0.050 . . . . . . . . . 1.602.24
41、0.751.25 . . .WP91 0.080.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.060.10Nitrogen 0.030.07Aluminum 0.02FTitanium 0.01FZirconium 0.01FWP911 0.090.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.100.50 8.59.5 0.901.10 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.0600.10Nitrogen 0.0
42、40.09Aluminum 0.02 maxFBoron 0.00030.006Tungsten 0.901.10Titanium 0.01 maxFZirconium 0.01 maxFWP92 0.070.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.50 8.509.50 0.300.60 0.40 . . . Aluminum 0.02FBoron 0.0010.006Columbium 0.040.09Nitrogen 0.0300.070Titanium 0.01FTungsten 1.502.00Vanadium 0.150.25Zirconium 0.01FAWhen f
43、ittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.BFittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.CFittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.DFor each reduction of 0.01 % below th
44、e specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximumof 1.65 %.EThe sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium, and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %.FApplies both to heat and product analyses.A234/A234M 1313TABLE2TensileRequirementsNOTE1Whe
45、reanellipsis(.)appearsinthistable,thereisnorequirement.GradeandMarkingSymbolWPBWPC,WP11CL2,WP12CL2WP1WP11CL1,WP22CL1,WP5CL1WP9CL1WPRWP11CL3,WP22CL3WP5CL3WP9CL3WP24WP91WP92WP911WP12CL1Tensilestrength,minimumunlessarangeisgivenksiMPa60415704855580380550604156388 4356057552085585906209012062084060415Yi
46、eldstrength,min,ksiMPa(0.2%offsetor0.5%extension-under-load)35240402753020530205463154531060415604156444032220ElongationRequirementsGradesAllGradesexceptWPR,WP91,andWP911WPRandWP24WP91 WP92WP911Longi- tudinalTrans-verseLongi- tudinalTrans-verseLongi- tudinalTrans-verseElongation:Standardroundspecime
47、n,orsmallproportionalspecimen,min%in4D221420.2013Rectangularspecimenforwallthickness516in.7.94mmandover,andforallsmallsizestestedinfullsection;min%in2in.50mm3020A28.Rectangularspecimenforwallthicknesslessthan516in.7.94mm;min%in2in.50mm(12-in.12.7-mmwidespecimen)BBB.AWPBandWPCfittingsmanufacturedfrom
48、plateshallhaveaminimumelongationof17%.BForeach132in.0.79mmdecreaseinwallthicknessbelow516in.7.94mm,adeductionof1.5%forlongitudinaland1.0%fortransversefromthevaluesshownaboveispermitted.Thefollowingtablegivestheminimumvalueforvariouswallthicknesses.WallThicknessGradesAllGradesexceptWPR,WP91andWP911WP
49、RWP91,WP92,andWP911in.mmLongitudinalTransverseLongitudinalLongitudinal516(0.312)7.9430.020.028.020932(0.281)7.1428.519.026.51914(0.250)6.3527.018.025.018732(0.219)5.5625.5.23.517316(0.188)4.7624.0.22.016532(0.156)3.9722.5.20.51518(0.125)3.1721.0.19.014332(0.094)2.3819.5.17.513116(0.062)1.5918.0.16.012NoteThistablegivesthecomputedminimum%elongationvalueforeach132in.0.79mmdecreaseinwal
