1、Designation: A27/A27M 10A27/A27M 13Standard Specification forSteel Castings, Carbon, for General Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A27/A27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon ste
3、el castings for general applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimum tensilestrength.NOTE 1The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steel parts byfusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all t
4、hese grades possess the same degree of weldability or that the same welding techniques can be usedon all castings. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are covered, as indicated below. The
5、 grade and class desired shall bespecified by the purchaser.1.2.1 Grade N-1Chemical analysis only.1.2.2 Grade N-2Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 415-205Mechanically tested but not heat-treated.1.2.4 Grades 60-30 415-205, 65-35 450-240, 70-36 485-250, and 70-40 485-275Hea
6、t-treated and mechanically tested.1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in accordance with 9.2.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each s
7、ystem shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to esta
8、blish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low A
9、lloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloyfor High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Ind
10、ustrial UseA1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for Steel Castings3. General Conditions for Delivery3.1 Except for steel investment castings, material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification A781/A781M, including any supplementary requirements that ar
11、e indicated in the purchase order. Failure to complywith the general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with the specification. In case of aconflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall prevail.3.2 Stee
12、l investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the common1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01
13、on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2010November 2013. Originally approved in 1901. Last previous edition approved in 20082010as A27/A27M 08.A27/A27M 10. DO
14、I: 10.1520/A0027_A0027M-10.10.1520/A0027_A0027M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This docum
15、ent is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as a
16、ppropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
17、States1requirements of Specification A957/A957M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specifi
18、cation should include the following information in proper sequence.4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or drawing,4.1.4 Options in the specification, and4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including standards of ac
19、ceptance.5. Heat Treatment5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 415-205, 65-35 450-240, 70-36 485-250, and 70-40 485-275 shall be heat-treatedby full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwise specified in the inquiry,contract, or order, the casti
20、ngs may be heat-treated by any one or combination of these heat-treatments at the option of themanufacturer.5.1.1 Heat-treatment shall be performed after castings have been allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to below thetransformation range.5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall
21、be regulated by the use of pyrometers.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysis tolerancesshall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerances shown in Specification A781/A781M or Specification A957/A957M. Wh
22、enresidual element chemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may be considered.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall be performed on each heat and the mechanical properties thusdetermined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 2. The
23、 tension test shall be performed in accordance with TestMethods and Definitions A370.7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar to those shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A781/A781MA1067/A1067Mand from the same heat as the casting represented.7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-tre
24、ated (if required) castings or cast integrally with the castings at the producersoption.7.4 The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat-treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the castings theyrepresent. When specified by the purchaser, the test bars shall be heat-treated w
25、ith the castings.7.5 Test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 4 of Test Methods and Definitions A370, withthe ends machined to fit the grips on the tensile testing machine to be used. Suggested types of ends for standard round tensiontest specimens are shown in Fig.
26、5 of Test Methods and Definitions A370.7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.7.7 When this specification is applied to investment castings, test coupons and tension t
27、est specimens shall be obtained andprepared as directed in S3.2 of Specification A732/A732M. Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in 7.4.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade (UNS No.)A Composition, %Carbon,B max Manganese,B max Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, maxGrade N-1 (J02500) 0.2
28、5 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade U-60-30 415-205 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 60-30 415-205 (J03000) 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 65-35 450-240 (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 70-36 485-250 (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 70-4
29、0 485-275 (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.035 0.035A Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).B For each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximumof 1.40 % for Grade 70-40
30、485-275 and 1.00 % for the other grades.A27/A27M 1328. Retests8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, or casting do not conform to the requirements specified, retests arepermitted as outlined in Test Methods and Definitions A370. At the manufacturers option, castings may be reh
31、eat-treated andretested. When castings are reheat-treated, they may not be reaustenitized more than 3 times without the approval of the purchaser.Testing after reheat treatment shall consist of the full number of specimens taken from locations complying with the specificationor order.9. Rework and R
32、etreatment9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same quality standards as were used to inspect the casting.9.2 If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 must be specified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat-treated mustbe defined. If postweld heat-treatment is not required, Class
33、2 must be specified along with the grade.10. Keywords10.1 castings; general application; steelSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order.Alist of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purcha
34、ser is described-included in Specification A781/A781M. for sand castings, or in Specification A957/A957M forinvestment castings. Those which are ordinarily considered suitable for use with this specification arelisted below by title only. Additional supplementarygiven below. Others enumerated in Spe
35、cificationA781/A781M requirements suitable for useor in Specification A957/A957M may be used with thisspecification at the option of the purchaser are described below. One or more of the supplementaryrequirements indicated below may be included in the purchasers order or contract. When so included,a
36、 supplementary requirement shall have the same force as if it were in the body of the specification.Supplementary requirements details not fully described shall be agreed upon between the purchaserand the supplier, but shall not negate any of the requirements in the body of the specification. uponag
37、reement between the manufacturer and purchaser.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGradeA TensileStrength,min,ksi (MPa)Yield Point,min, ksi(MPa)Elongation in2 in.(50 mm),min, %BReduction ofArea,min, %Grade U-60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 22 30Grade 60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 24 35Grade 65-35(450-240)
38、65 (450) 35 (240) 24 35Grade 70-36(485-250)70 (485) 36 (250) 22 30Grade 70-40(485-275)C70 (485) 40 (275) 22 30A Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).B When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in this specification,the gage length to reduced sect
39、ion diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.C Grade 70-40 485-275 may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36485-250, when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.A27/A27M 133S1. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS2. Radiographic ExaminationS3. Liquid Penetrant ExaminationS4. Ultrasonic Exam
40、inationS6. CertificationS8. MarkingS9. Charpy Impact TestS10. Hardness TestS12. Test ReportS13. Unspecified ElementsS14. Tension Test from CastingsS51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances for Castings Made from Mounted PatternsS51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (S51.1.1) mad
41、e from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to bemachined shall be in accordance with Table S51.1. Metal match plate patterns and precise molding methods can produce closertolerances than the values shown in Table S51.1. Complex casting designs may require different permissible variations
42、than thoselisted in Table S51.1.S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not cover castings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishing castings bygrinding to special tolerance gages beyond the normal requirements as listed in Table S51.1.S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made
43、from Mounted PatternsS52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in such a manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression is madebeyond or below the casting design contour in an amount that would exceed the values given in Table S52.1.S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made from M
44、ounted PatternsS53.1 The allowable deviations from the average casting weight are shown in Table S53.1.TABLE S51.1 Normally Expected Deviation of Linear CastingDimensions from Design DimensionsBlueprint Dimension, in. (mm) Tolerances, in. (mm)Up to 3 (75), incl +432 (3) 332 (2)Over 3 to 7 (75 to 175
45、), incl +532 (4) 432 (3)Over 7 to 20 (175 to 500), incl +632 (5) 532 (4)Over 20 to 100 (500 to 2500), incl +832 (6) 632 (5)A27/A27M 134S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual ElementsS54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage of elements specified as follows, using procedures specified inSpec
46、ification A781/A781M or Specification A957/A957M. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the followingrequirements:Copper, max, % 0.50Nickel, max, % 0.50Molybdenum, max, % 0.25Chromium, max, % 0.50S54.2 Total content of these residual elements, maximum percent 1.00.SUMMARY OF CHANGES
47、Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A27/A27M 08) 10) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2013.)(1) Changed sulfur and phosphorus contents in Table 1. Removed A732/A732M as a reference.(2) Added A1067/
48、A1067M as a reference.(3) 6.1, Added “or Specification A957/A957M” after A781/A781M.(4) 7.2, Replaced A781/A781M with A1067/A1067M.(5) 7.7 Deleted.(6) Supplementary Requirements: Replaced first paragraph with wording similar to that now used in other steel castingspecifications.(7) S54.1, Added “or
49、Specification A957/A957M” after A781/A781M.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei
