1、Designation: A290/A290M 05 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for ReductionGears1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A290/A290M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered, andquenched and tempered, carbon and alloy
3、steel forged or rolledrings for reduction gears.1.2 Several grades and classes of steel are covered asfollows:1.2.1 Grade 1, Classes A and B, and Grade 2, Classes C andD, are carbon steel.1.2.2 Grade 3, Classes E and F, Grade 4, Classes G, H, I, J,K and L, Grade 5, Classes M and P, and Grade 6, Clas
4、s T, arealloy steel.1.2.3 All grades and classes are considered weldable underproper conditions. Welding techniques are of fundamentalimportance and it is pre-supposed that welding procedure andinspection will be in accordance with proper methods for theclass of material used.1.3 The values stated i
5、n either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This s
6、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.
7、1 ASTM Standards:2A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination ofSteel ForgingsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirements3. Termino
8、logy3.1 Definitions of the terms used may be found in Specifi-cation A788/A788M.4. Ordering Information and General Requirements4.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall specify in theinquiry, contract, and order the grade and class desired
9、and thesupplementary requirements, if any, which should apply.4.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturingrequirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,marking, ce
10、rtification, product analysis variations, and addi-tional supplementary requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Melting Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the meltingrequirements in Specification A788/A788M, which may besupplemented by Supplementary Requirement S6, VacuumDegass
11、ing.5.2 DiscardSufficient discard shall be taken from eachingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.5.3 Forging ProcessThe forgings shall receive their hotmechanical work in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification A788/A788M.5.4 Heat Treatment:5.4.1 Cooling Prior to Heat Tre
12、atmentAfter forging andbefore reheating for heat treatment, the forgings shall beallowed to cool in a manner to prevent injury, to accomplishtransformation, and prevent flakes.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the d
13、irect responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A290/A290M 05(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0290_A0290M-05R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
14、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
15、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.4.2 Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and tem-pering for Grade 1 classes A and B and quenching andtempering for all other grades and classes.5.4.2.1 NormalizingA furnace charge thus treated istermed a normalizing c
16、harge.5.4.2.2 QuenchingThe forgings shall be completely aus-tenitized and then quenched in a suitable medium.Agroup thustreated is termed a quenching charge.5.4.2.3 TemperingA furnace charge thus treated is termeda tempering charge. Minimum tempering temperatures shall beas follows:Minimum Tempering
17、 TemperatureGrade and Class F CGrade 1 Classes A and B 1200 650Grade 2 ClassesC carbon steel forgings; gear rings;heat-treated; reduction gearsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThese requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order in which event thesupplementary tests specified in S1 to S
18、3 shall be made at the mill, unless otherwise agreed upon, andwitnessed by the purchasers inspector before shipment of the material.S1. Chemical RequirementsS1.1 Alternate compositions may be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser.S2. MachiningS2.1 Rough machining prior to heat treatm
19、ent for mechani-cal properties may be specified by the purchaser.S3. Nondestructive TestingS3.1 Magnetic particle tests may be specified by agreementbetween manufacturer and purchaser and if required should bein accordance with Practice A275/A275M.S3.2 Ultrasonic tests may be specified by agreement
20、be-tween manufacturer and purchaser and if required should be inaccordance with Practice A388/A388M.S4. Restricted ChemistryVanadiumS4.1 The vanadium content shall be 0.03 % maximum forClasses A, B, C, and D when determined in accordance withS1.S5. Restricted ChemistryPhosphorusS5.1 Phosphorus shall
21、 not exceed 0.015 %, and sulfur shallnot exceed 0.018 % for all Classes when determined inaccordance with 6.1.1 or at the locations specified in 6.1.2.S6. Vacuum DegassingS6.1 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated, prior to orduring pouring of the ingot to remove objectionable gases,particularly
22、hydrogen.TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsGrade Class Tensile Strength, min,ksi MPaYield Strength,0.2 % Offset,min, ksi MPaElongationin 2 in. or50 mm, min,%Reduction inArea, min,%Brinell HardnessRangeCharpy V-Notchat 70 to 80F21 to 27C,ftlbf J1 A 80 550 45 310 22 45 163 to 202 10 141 B . . . . 163 to
23、202 .2 C 95 655 65 450 20 40 197 to 241 10 142 D . . . . 197 to 241 .3 E 105 725 75 515 20 45 223 to 269 30 413 F . . . . 223 to 269 .4 G 125 860 100 690 15 42 262 to 311 30 414 H . . . . 262 to 311 .4 I 145 1000 120 825 14 40 302 to 352 25 344 J . . . . 302 to 352 .4 K 170 1175 145 1000 10 35 341 t
24、o 401 20 274 L . . . . 341 to 401 .5 M 120 825 85 585 15 40 255 to 302 8 115 P . . . . 255 to 302 .6 T 170 1175 140 960 10 30 352 to 401 25 34A290/A290M 05 (2015)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this s
25、tandard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be re
26、viewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespons
27、ible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
28、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 05 (2015)4
