1、Designation: A401/A401M 15A401/A401M 18Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A401/A401M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intendedfo
3、r the manufacture of springs resistant to set when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This product is not meant to be usedfor non-static applications involving moderate fatigue stresses (see Specification A1000/A1000M) or high cycle fatigueapplications (see Specification A877/A877M). This wir
4、e shall be provided either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quench andtempered condition as specified by the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eac
5、h system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized princi
6、ples on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions f
7、or Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy SteelA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical
8、Analysis of Steel ProductsA877/A877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloys, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve Spring QualityA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA1000/A1000M Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spri
9、ng QualityE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, see Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of T
10、erms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 equivalent round diameter, ndiameter of a round wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped wire.3.2.2 round wire, nwire having a circular cross section.3.2.3 shape factor, nthis value is used to obtain cross sectional area for shaped wires when
11、 multiplied by measured width andthickness.3.2.4 shaped wire, nwire having a non-circular cross section.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03on Steel Rod and Wire.Current
12、 edition approved Nov. 1, 2015Sept. 1, 2018. Published November 2015September 2018. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 20102015as A401/A401M 10.A401/A401M 15. DOI: 10.1520/A0401_A0401M-15.10.1520/A0401_A0401M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.a
13、stm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what
14、changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the o
15、fficial document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements t
16、hat are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (mass),4.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel wire),4.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 9),4.1.4 Condition (Section 7), and4.1.5 ASTM designatio
17、n and year of issue.4.2 It The purchaser shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material underthis specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:have the option to specify additionalrequirements, including
18、 but not limited to:3.1.1 Quantity (mass),3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel wire),4.2.1 Dimensions Requirements for certifications, heat analysis or test reports (Table 16.2 and Section 814),3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if re
19、quested (5.2),4.2.2 Certification or test report, or both, if specified Special packing, marking, and loading requirements (Section 1315), and4.2.3 ASTM designation and year of issue. Other special requirements, if any.NOTE 1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kg, quench and tempered
20、 chromium-silicon alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in 150 kg coilsto ASTM A401/A401M dated _, or for inch-pound units, 40 000-lb quench and tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire, size 0.250 in. in350-lb coils to ASTM A401/A401M dated _.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel may be made
21、by any commercially accepted steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or strandcast.5.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Grade 9254 for chemical composition specified
22、in Table 2.6.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements prescribedin Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. When requested, thisshall be reported to the purchaser
23、and shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel. Thechemical composition thus determined, as to elements required or restricted, shall conform to the product analysis requirementsin Table
24、 4 of Specification A510/A510M.6.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnWhen purchased in the annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been given asufficient amount of cold working to meet t
25、he purchasers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition to respondproperly to heat treatment. In special cases the hardness or tensile strength, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.7.2 Quench and TemperedWhen purchased in the quench and tempered condition, the tensile s
26、trength and minimum percentreduction of area, sizes 2.50 mm 0.098 in. and coarser, of the wire area shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table1. Tensile strength of shaped and flat rolled wires shall conform to this table based on the conversion to equivalent rounddimensions. Percent redu
27、ction of area is not applicable to shaped and flat rolled wires.NOTE 2Any specimen breaking in the grips shall be discarded and a new specimen tested if the specified mechanical properties are not achieved.NOTE 3Equivalent round definition: The cross sectional area of non-round wires converted to th
28、e round wire diameter.7.2.1 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.7.2.2 Location of TestsTest specimens It shall be taken permissible to take test specimens from either end of the coil.7.2.3 Test Met
29、hodThe tension test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. For shaped wires,cross sectional area shall be calculated either by using the procedure in Test Methods E8/E8M for uniform but nonsymmetricalcross-sections, or by measuring width and thickness and multiplying by
30、a shape factor. Reduction of area for shaped wires shallbe calculated by using this shape factor. Measure the maximum and minimum dimension on the necked down section and multiplyby the shape factor to estimate the cross sectional area for use in the standard reduction of area calculation.A401/A401M
31、 182TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsASI UnitsDiameter,Bmm MPa, min MPa, maxReduction ofArea, min, %SI UnitsDiameter,B mm MPa, min MPa, max Reduction ofArea, min, %C,D0.80 2080 2260 C0.80 2080 2260 . . .0.90 2070 2250 C0.90 2070 2250 . . .1.00 2060 2240 C1.00 2060 2240 . . .1.10 2040 2220 C1.10 2040 2220
32、 . . .1.20 2020 2200 C1.20 2020 2200 . . .1.40 2000 2180 C1.40 2000 2180 . . .1.60 1980 2160 C1.60 1980 2160 . . .1.80 1960 2140 C1.80 1960 2140 . . .2.00 1940 2120 C2.00 1940 2120 . . .2.20 1920 2100 C2.20 1920 2100 . . .2.50 1900 2080 452.50 1900 2080 452.80 1880 2060 452.80 1880 2060 453.00 1860
33、2040 453.00 1860 2040 453.50 1840 2020 403.50 1840 2020 404.00 1820 2000 404.00 1820 2000 404.50 1800 1980 404.50 1800 1980 405.00 1780 1960 405.00 1780 1960 405.50 1760 1940 405.50 1760 1940 406.00 1740 1920 406.00 1740 1920 406.50 1720 1900 406.50 1720 1900 407.00 1700 1880 407.00 1700 1880 408.00
34、 1680 1860 408.00 1680 1860 409.00 1660 1840 409.00 1660 1840 4010.00 1640 1820 4011.00 1620 1800 3512.0 1600 1780 3512.0 1600 1780 3513.0 1580 1760 3013.0 1580 1760 3014.0 1570 1750 3014.0 1570 1750 3015.0 1560 1740 3015.0 1560 1740 3016.0 1550 1730 3016.0 1550 1730 3017.0 1540 1720 3017.0 1540 172
35、0 3018.0 1530 1710 3018.0 1530 1710 30Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in. ksi, min ksi, maxReduction ofArea, min, %C,DA401/A401M 1837.2.4 Upon agreement between purchaser and supplier, the shape factor for the cross section design provided by the wire millshall be permissible to be adopted for use. In othe
36、r situations, if the shape factor is not available from the wire mill, the shape factorshall be calculated by measuring the cross sectional area in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M and dividing by the width andthickness.7.3 Wrap Test:7.3.1 Quench and tempered or cold drawn wire 4.00 mm 0.157 in.
37、and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arborwithout breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameter shall wrap without breakage on amandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not applicable to wire over 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameter or to shaped an
38、dflat rolled wires.7.3.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.7.3.3 Location of TestTest specimens It shall be taken permissible to take test specimens from either end of the coil.7.3.4 Test MethodTh
39、e wrap test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.8. Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:SI UnitsDiameter,Bmm MPa, min MPa, maxReduction ofArea, min, %0.032 300 325 C0.032 300 325 . . .0.041 298 323 C0.041 298 323 . . .0.054 292 317 C0.054 292 317 . . .0.062
40、290 315 C0.062 290 315 . . .0.080 285 310 C0.080 285 310 . . .0.092 280 305 450.120 275 300 450.135 270 295 400.162 265 290 400.177 260 285 400.192 260 283 400.219 255 278 400.250 250 275 400.312 245 270 400.375 240 265 400.438 235 260 350.500 230 255 350.562 228 253 300.625 226 251 300.687 224 249
41、30A Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters mayshall be interpolated.B Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4.C The reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.34 mm 0.092 in. indiameter.For intermediate wire diameters, the reduction of area requirement sha
42、ll be that ofthe next larger wire.D “. . .” Indicates no minimum requirement.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsUNS Designation G92540 Grade No. 9254UNS Designation G92540 Grade No. 9254Ranges and Limits, %Carbon Manga-nesePhosphorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Chro-miumCarbon Manga-nesePhosphorus,maxSulfur,maxS
43、ilicon Chro-mium0.510.59 0.600.80 0.035 0.040 1.201.60 0.600.80A401/A401M 1848.1.1 On the whole, the surface of the wire as received shall be free of rust and excessive scale. Based upon examination ofend specimens, no serious die marks, scratches, or other continuous surface imperfections shall be
44、present. Based uponexamination of etched-end specimen, seams shall not exceed 3.5 % of the wire diameter, or 0.25 mm 0.010 in., whichever is thesmaller as measured on a transverse section.8.1.2 Number of TestsFor the purpose of examination of etched-end specimens, one test specimen shall be taken fo
45、r each 10coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested.8.1.3 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.8.1.4 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined after etching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid and
46、water thathas been heated to approximately 80C for up to two minutes in order to remove the oxide scale layer from the wire surface. Testends shall be examined using 10 magnification.Any specimens showing the presence of a questionable surface imperfection shallhave a transverse section taken from t
47、he unetched area, properly mounted and polished and examined to measure the depth of thesurface imperfection.8.2 Decarburization:8.2.1 The depth of complete decarburization (free ferrite) shall not exceed 0.75 % of the equivalent round wire diameter. Thetotal affected depth (free ferrite plus partia
48、l decarburization) shall not exceed 2 %2.0 % of the equivalent round wire diameter onall sizes of wire.8.2.2 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined by etching a suitably polished transverse section of wire with nital. Theentire periphery to be examined should be in a single plane with no edg
49、e rounding.8.2.3 The entire periphery shall be examined at a magnification of no less than 100 for depth of free ferrite and total affecteddepth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magnification. Measure the worst area present excluding decarburization associatedwith any surface imperfections. Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite is present. Partial decarburization existswhen ferrite is found mixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of 100100 % tempered martensite shall be definedas not decarb
