1、Designation: A426/A426M 11Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A426/A426M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers centrifugally cast alloy steelpipe intended for use in high-temperature,
3、 high-pressure ser-vice.1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels are covered. Theircompositions are given in Table 1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S12 areprovided. The supplementary requirements provide for addi-tional tests of an optional nature and when desired shall be sostated in the or
4、der (Section 4).1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-
5、conformancewith the standard.1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
6、and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic ExaminationThere
7、ofA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE186 Reference Radiographs
8、 for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Ste
9、el Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ANSI Standard:4B46.1 Surface Texture2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:5Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications2.4 AWS Specifications6A5.5/A5.5M LowAlloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded MetalArc Weldin
10、gA5.23/A5.23M Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes forSubmerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods forGas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux CoredArc Welding3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall inclu
11、dethe following, as required, to describe the desired materialadequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),3.1.3 Specification number,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel a
12、nd Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A426/A426M - 10.DOI: 10.1520/A0426_A0426M-11.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
13、 applications see related Specifi-cation SA-426 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、 ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6
15、Available from American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJuene Rd., Miami, FL33126, http:/www.aws.org1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 Grade (Table 1),3.1
16、.5 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wallthickness),3.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section on PermissibleVariations in Length of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.7 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.8 Optional Requirements S1 through S12 and Section15.1,3.1.9 Te
17、st report required (Section on Certified Test Reportof Specification A999/A999M),3.1.10 Service temperature if over 1000F 540C (Note 1),and3.1.11 Special requirements or additions to specification.4. General Requirements for Delivery4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to t
18、he applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Heat-TreatmentThe pipe shall be furnished in thenormalized and tempered or liquid-quenched and temperedcondition (Note 1). The temperature for tempering shall
19、 not beless than 1250F 675C except for Grades CP1, CP2, CP11,CP12, and CP15 for which the temperature for tempering shallnot be less than 1100F 595C. Grade CP91 shall beausenitized at 1900 1975 F (1040 1080 C) and temperedat 1350 1470 F (730 800 C).5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after the p
20、ipe hasbeen allowed to cool below the transformation range. Defini-tion of heat-treatment terms shall be as given in TerminologyA941.NOTE 1Except for Grade CP91, it is recommended that the tempera-ture for tempering should be at least 100F 55C above the intendedservice temperature. The purchaser sha
21、ll advise the manufacturer of theservice temperature when it is over 1000F 540C.5.2 MachiningThe pipe shall be machined on the innerand outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than 250 in. 6.35 m arithmetical average deviation (AA) from themean line unless otherwise specified as in ANSI B46.1
22、.6. Chemical Analysis6.1 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat shall be madeby the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elementsspecified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a testsample taken preferable during the pouring of the heat. Thechemical composition thus determined shall conf
23、orm to therequirements specified in Table 1 (Note 2).NOTE 2The role of alloying elements in the development of GradeCP91 has been extensively investigated. V and Nb contribute to precipi-tation strengthening by forming fine and coherent precipitation ofM(C,N)X carbo-nitrides in the ferrite matrix. V
24、 also precipitates as VNduring tempering or during creep. Therefore, the addition of strong nitrideTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, %GradeUNSNumberCarbon ManganesePhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Chromium Molybdenum OtherCP1 J12521 0.25max0.30-0.80 0.030 0.025 0.10-0.50 . . . 0.44-0.65 . .
25、 .CP2 J11547 0.100.20 0.30-0.61 0.030 0.025 0.10-0.50 0.50-0.81 0.44-0.65 . . .CP5 J42045 0.20max0.30-0.70 0.030 0.025 0.75max4.00-6.50 0.45-0.65 . . .CP5b J51545 0.15max0.30-0.60 0.030 0.025 1.00-2.00 4.00-6.00 0.45-0.65 . . .CP9 J82090 0.20max0.30-0.65 0.030 0.025 0.25-1.00 8.00-10.00 0.90-1.20 .
26、. .CP91 J84090 0.080.12 0.300.60 0.030 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 nickel, 0.40 max.;columbium, 0.0600.10;nitrogen, 0.0300.070;vanadium, 0.180.25;aluminum, 0.02 max.;titanium, 0.01 max;zirconium, 0.01 max.CP11 J12072 0.050.20 0.30-0.80 0.030 0.025 0.60max1.00-1.50 0.44-0.65 . . .CP12 J11562 0.050
27、.15 0.30-0.61 0.030 0.025 0.50max0.80-1.25 0.44-0.65 . . .CP15 J11522 0.15max0.30-0.60 0.030 0.025 1.15-1.65 . . . 0.44-0.65 . . .CP21 J31545 0.050.15 0.30-0.60 0.030 0.025 0.50max2.65-3.35 0.80-1.06 . . .CP22 J21890 0.050.15 0.30-0.70 0.030 0.025 0.60max2.00-2.75 0.90-1.20 . . .CPCA15 J91150 0.15ma
28、x1.00max0.030 0.025 1.50max11.5-14.0 0.50max.AWhere ellipses appear in this table there is no requirement.A426/A426M 112forming elements, those with a stronger affinity for nitrogen than Nb andV, as deoxidation agents, interferes with these high-temperature strength-ening mechanisms.76.2 Product Ana
29、lysisAproduct analysis may be made bythe purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as tobe representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall conform to the requirementsof Table 1.7. Tensile and Hardness Requirements7.1 Steel used for the castings
30、shall conform to the tensileand hardness requirements specified in Table 2.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 ThicknessThe wall thickness shall not vary over thatspecified by more than18 in. 3 mm. There shall be novariation under the specified wall thickness.9. Number of Tests9.1 One tension
31、 and one hardness test shall be made fromeach heat.9.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or if flaws arerevealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.10. Retests10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat do notconfor
32、m to the requirements specified, the castings may bereheat-treated and retested, but may not be re-austenitizedmore than twice.11. Test Specimens11.1 Test coupons from which tension test specimens areprepared shall be removed from heat-treated casting prolonga-tions.11.2 When agreed upon between the
33、 manufacturer and thepurchaser, test coupons from which test specimens are pre-pared shall be cast attached to separate blocks from the sameheat as the casting represented. The test blocks shall be heattreated in the same manner as the casting represented.11.3 Tension test specimens shall be machine
34、d to the formand dimensions of the standard round 2-in. 50-mm gagelength specimens shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods andDefinitions A370.12. Hydrostatic Test12.1 Except for Grade CP91, each length of pipe shall behydrostatically tested in accordance with Specification A999/A999M.12.2 When agreed to be
35、tween the manufacturer and thepurchaser and so stated in the order, the hydrostatic test may bedeferred and shall be performed later by the purchaser. Pipefurnished without the hydrostatic test shall include with themandatory marking the letters “NH.” The manufacturer isresponsible for the satisfact
36、ory performance of the castingwhen it is tested.12.3 When certification is required by the purchaser and thehydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification shall clearlystate “not hydrostatically tested.” The specification number andmaterial grade shown on the certification shall be followed by
37、the letters “NH.”13. Ultrasonic Examination13.1 Each length of Grade CP91 pipe shall be ultrasonicallyexamined in accordance with A999/A999M.14. Visual Inspection14.1 The surface of the casting shall be free from cracks andhot tears as determined by visual examination. Other surfaceimperfections sha
38、ll be judged in accordance with visual accep-tance criteria which may be specified in the order.15. Rework and Retreatment15.1 Defects as defined in Section 15 or as found by theultrasonic examination of Grade CP91, shall be removed andtheir removal verified by visual inspection of the resultantcavi
39、ties. Defects that are located by inspecting with supple-mentary requirements S6, S7, S8, or S9 shall be removed orreduced to an acceptable size.15.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon theminimum wall thickness, the depression may be blendeduniformly into the surrounding surface.15.3 If
40、 the cavity resulting from defect removal infringesupon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permittedsubject to the purchasers approval. Except for Grade CP91,the composition of the weld rod used shall be suitable for thecomposition of the metal being welded.15.3.1 Only welders and procedures
41、 qualified in accordancewith ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, shall7Viswanathan, R. and Bakker, W. T.,Materials for Ultra Supercritical FossilPower Plants, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2000, TR-114750.TABLE 2 Tensile Properties and Hardness RequirementsTensile strength, min, psi MPa:Grade C
42、P1 65 000 450Grades CP11, CP22 70 000 485Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 90 000 620Grade CP91 85 000 585 to 110 000 760All other grades 60 000 415Yield strength, min, psi MPa:Grade CP1 35 000 240Grades CP11, CP22 40 000 275Grades CP5, CP9 60 000 415Grade CPCA15 65 000 450Grade CP91 60 000 415All other grade
43、s 30 000 205Elongation, min, %:AGrade CP1 24Grades CP11, CP22 20Grades CP5, CP9, CP91, CPCA15 18All other grades 22Reduction of area, min, %:Grades CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, CP15,CP21, CP22, CP5, CP5b, CP7, CP935Grade CPCA15 30Grade CP91 45Hardness, HBW:Grades CP5, CP5b, CP9, CPCA15, max 225Grade CP91 1
44、85248All other grades, max 201AElongation in 2 in. 50 mm using a standard round specimen, in either thetransverse or longitudinal direction.A426/A426M 113be used. All repair welds will be inspected to the same qualitystandards used to inspect the casting.15.3.2 All weld repairs in Grade CP91 shall b
45、e made withone of the following processes and consumables: SMAW,A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9; SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + NeutralFlux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAW, A5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9. In addition, the sum of the Ni+Mncontent, of all weld consumables used to weld repair GradeCP91, shall not exceed 1
46、%.15.4 Local or full heat treatment in accordance with tem-pering temperatures specified in 5.1 shall follow welding.16. Rejection16.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturermay be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does not meet therequirements of the specification based on the inspec
47、tion andtest method as outlined in the specification, the pipe may berejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition ofrejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between themanufacturer and the purchaser.17. Product Marking17.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with themanuf
48、acturers name or brand, the specification number andgrade. In addition, heat numbers or serial numbers that aretraceable to heat numbers shall be marked on each length ofpipe.18. Keywords18.1 alloy steel; centrifugal; ferritic; high-temperature ser-vice; pipe; stainless steel; steel castingsSUPPLEME
49、NTARY REQUIREMENTSSupplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser. Details of thesupplementary requirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. Thespecified tests shall be performed by the manufacturer prior to shipment of the castings.S1. Additional Tension TestsS1.1 Additional tension tests shall be made at a temperatureto be specified by the customer, and the properties to be met area matter of agreement between the purchaser
