1、Designation: A453/A453M 101Standard Specification forHigh-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion CoefficientsComparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A453/A453M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEA t
3、ypo in Table 5 was corrected editorially in June 2011.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers five grades of bolting withtwelve classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi 345to 827 MPa for use in high-temperature service such asfasteners for pressure vessel and valve flanges. See Specifica-
4、tion A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The materialrequires special processing and is not intended for generalpurpose applications.1.2 The following referenced general requirements are in-dispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.1.3 Supplementary Requirement
5、s are provided for use at theoption of the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirementsshall only apply when specified individually by the purchaserin the purchase order or contract.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contra
6、ctspecifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SIunits), the inch-pound units shall apply.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be e
7、xact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or
8、 High PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements forBolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-genic to the Creep RangeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsF1470 Prac
9、tice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance Inspection3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heat-treatment chargeone heat of material heattreated in one batch. If a continuous operation is used, theweight processed as a heat-treatm
10、ent charge shall not exceedthe weights in Table 1.3.1.2 lota lot shall consist of the quantities shown inTable2.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),4.1.2 Description of item (bars, bolts, nuts, etc.),4.1.3 Grade an
11、d class (see Table 3),4.1.4 Method of finishing (see 6.1),4.1.5 Type of thread desired (see 6.1.1),4.1.6 Alternative test method option (see 8.2.4.3),4.1.7 Bolt shape option, if any,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is
12、 the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20
13、08 as A453/A453M08.DOI: 10.1520/A0453_A0453M-10e1.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Specifi-cation SA-453 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
14、ook of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.8 Thread o
15、ption, if any,4.1.9 Test method for surface quality, if any,4.1.10 Test location option, if any,4.1.11 Rejection option, if any, and4.1.12 If stress-rupture testing is not required, except forGrade 660 Class D and Grade 668 (see 8.2.1).5. Common Requirements5.1 Bolting supplied to this specification
16、 shall conform tothe requirements of SpecificationA962/A962M. These require-ments include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, mark-ing, certification, optional supplementary requirements, andothers. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specifica-tionA962/A962M constitutes nonconformance w
17、ith this speci-fication. In case of conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and SpecificationA962/A962M, this specificationshall prevail.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Finishing Process:6.1.1 Threads may be formed by machining or rolling.Threads may be formed after precipitation heat
18、 treatment orafter solution anneal but prior to precipitation heat treatment.Type designations are as follows:Type M1threads formed by machining after precipitationheat treatment.Type M2threads formed by machining after solutionanneal but prior to precipitation heat treatment.Type R1threads formed b
19、y rolling after precipitation heattreatment.Type R2threads formed by rolling after solution annealbut prior to precipitation heat treatment.When not specified by the purchaser, the type supplied shallbe the option of the manufacturer.6.2 Heat TreatmentEach grade and class shall be heattreated as pre
20、scribed in Table 4.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 3.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsThe material in each heat-treatmentcharge shall conform to the room-temperature tensile require-ments in Tab
21、le 5.8.1.2 Number of Specimens:8.1.2.1 Heat-Treated BarsWhen not more than two sizesof bars are heat treated in the same load, one tension test shallbe made from each size in each heat of material in theheat-treatment charge (see 3.1.1). When more than two sizes ofbars are treated in the same charge
22、, one tension test shall bemade from one bar of each of the two largest diameters fromeach heat of material in the heat-treating charge.8.1.2.2 Finished PartsOne tension test shall be made ifthe lot consists of parts of the same nominal diameter. If the lotconsists of parts of more than one nominal
23、diameter, onetension test shall be made from each nominal diameter of eachheat involved in the lot (see Section 3).8.2 Stress-Rupture Test:8.2.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to thestress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6 for designtemperatures above 800 F 427 C. Material not stres
24、s-rupture tested shall be permanently stamped NR. Grade 660Class D and Grade 668 do not require stress-rupture and shallbe stamped NR.8.2.2 The number of specimens shall be the same as therequired number of tension test specimens.8.2.3 The test location and orientation shall be the same asthat requi
25、red for the tension test specimens.8.2.4 Test Method:8.2.4.1 The rupture test shall be performed in accordancewith Practice E139.8.2.4.2 A combination smooth and notched test specimen,machined to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 1 and Table 7,shall be tested in accordance with the stress-rupture re
26、quire-ments prescribed in Table 6. The test shall be continued torupture. The rupture shall occur in the smooth section of thebar.8.2.4.3 As an alternative procedure and, when specificallyapproved by the purchaser, separate smooth and notched testspecimens, machined from adjacent sections of the sam
27、e piece,with gage sections conforming to the respective dimensions ofTable 7, may be tested under the above conditions. The notchedspecimen need not be tested to rupture but shall not rupture inless time than the companion smooth specimen.8.2.4.4 When the minimum specified time to rupture inTable 6
28、has been achieved, incremental loading may be used toaccelerate the time to rupture. At intervals of 8 to 16 h,preferably 8 to 10 h, the stress shall be increased in incrementsof 5000 psi 34.5 MPa. Rupture location, and elongationrequirements shall be as prescribed in Table 6, 8.2.4.2, and8.2.4.3.8.
29、3 Hardness Test:8.3.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to theroom temperature hardness requirements prescribed in Table 5.8.3.2 Number of Tests:8.3.2.1 Bars 2 in. 50 mm and OverOne test on eachmill-treated length.8.3.2.2 Bars under 2 in. 50 mmOne test on at least 10 %of the mill treated length
30、s.TABLE 1 Continuous Heat-Treatment Charge SizesDiameter, in. mm Weight, lb kgTo 134 44 3000 1400Over 134 44 to 212 63 6000 2700Over 212 63 12000 5400TABLE 2 Lot SizesDiameter, in. mm Maximum Lot Size, lb kg112 38 and under 200 90Over 112 38 to 134 44, incl 300 140Over 134 44 to 212 63, incl 600 270
31、Over 212 63 20 piecesA453/A453M 10128.3.2.3 FastenersOne test each on two fasteners or on asample per Guide F1470, Table 3, sample size B for each heatlot, whichever is the larger sample.8.3.3 Test LocationsThe hardness test shall be made at thecenter of the cross section for bars up to 1 in. 25 mm
32、indiameter, and at the midradius on bars 1 in. 25 mm and largerin diameter.TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsGrade 660 Grade 651UNS Number S66286 S63198Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, % Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.280.35 0.02Mangane
33、se 2.00 max 0.04 0.751.50 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 0.300.80 0.05Nickel 24.027.0 0.20 8.011.0 0.15Chromium 13.516.0 0.20 18.021.0 0.25Molybdenum 1.001.50 0.05 1.001.75 0.05Tungsten . . 1.001.75 0.05Ti
34、tanium 1.902.35 0.05 0.100.35 0.05 overColumbiumA. . 0.250.60 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over . .Vanadium 0.100.50 0.03 . .Boron 0.0010.010 0.0004 under to . .0.001 overCopper . . 0.50 max 0.03 overGrade 662 Grade 665UNS Number S66220 S66545Content, %Product Analysis, VariationOver or Under, % Conte
35、nt, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.08 max 0.01 overManganese 0.401.00 0.03 1.252.00 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 0.401.00 0.05 0.100.80 0.05Nickel 24.028.0 0.20 24.028.0 0.20Ch
36、romium 12.015.0 0.15 12.015.0 0.15Molybdenum 2.03.5 0.10 1.252.25 0.10Titanium 1.802.10 0.05 2.703.3 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over 0.25 max 0.05 overCopper 0.50 max 0.03 over 0.25 max 0.03 overBoron 0.0010.010 0.0004 under to 0.010.07 0.0050.001 overGrade 668UNS Number S66285Content, %Product Anal
37、ysis, VariationOver or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 overManganese 2.00 max 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05Nickel 17.5 21.5 0.20Chromium 13.516.0 0.20Molybdenum 1.50 max 0.05Tungsten . .Titanium 2.22.8 0.05ColumbiumA. .Aluminum 0.50 max 0.05 overVan
38、adium 0.50 max 0.03Boron 0.0010.010 0.0004 underto 0.001 overCopper . .AOr columbium plus tantalum.A453/A453M 1013TABLE 4 Heat Treatment RequirementsAGrade Class Solution Treatment Hardening Treatment660 A 16506 25 F 900 6 14 C, hold 2 h, min, and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air c
39、oolB 1800 6 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 1 h, min, and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolC 1800 6 25 F 980 6 14C,hold1hmin,andoilquench 1425 6 25 F 775 6 14 C hold 16 h, air cool, followed by1200 6 25 F 650 6 14 C hold 16 h, air coolD 1650 6 25 F 900 6 14C,hold2hmin,andliquidquench or1
40、800 6 25 F 980 6 14C,hold1hmin,andliquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolIf necessary to achieve properties, second age:1200 6 25 F 650 6 14 C hold 16 h, air cool651 A hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction in cross-sectionalarea, stress-relief anneal at 1200 F 6
41、50 C min or 4 h, minB hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction of cross-sectionalarea, stress-relief anneal at 1350 F 730 C min for 4 h, min662 A 18006 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h,
42、 air coolB 1950 6 25 F 1065 6 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 6 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air cool665 A 18006 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h,
43、air coolB 2000 6 25 F 1095 6 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 6 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air cool668 A 1650 6 25 F 900 6 14 C, hold 2 h, min and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolB 1800 6 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 1 h, min
44、and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolATimes refer to the minimum time material is required to be at temperature.TABLE 5 Mechanical Property RequirementsGrade ClassTensile Strength,minYield Strength(0.2 % Offset), minElongation in43 Diam,min, %Reduction ofArea, min, %Brinell Har
45、dnessNumberApproximate Rockwell Hardness,B and Cksi MPa ksi MPa min max660 A, B, and C 130 895 85 585 15 18 248341 24 HRC 37 HRCD 130 895 105 725 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRC651 A 100 690 70A485 18 35 217277 95 HRB 29 HRC60B415B 95 655 60A415 18 35 212269 93 HRB 28 HRCC50B345662 A 130 895 85 585 15 18
46、 248321 24 HRC 35 HRCCB 125 860 80 550 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRC665 A 170 1170 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC 41 HRCB 155 1070 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC 41 HRC668 A and B 130 895 85 585 15 18 248341 24 HRC 37 HRC Editorially corrected June 2011.AMaterial sizes 3 in. 76 mm and under in diameter.BMate
47、rial sizes over 3 in. 76 mm in diameter.CConversion numbers taken from Specification A193/A193M, Table number 2 (austenitic steels); others by interpolation.TABLE 6 Stress Rupture RequirementsGrade ClassTestTemperature,F CStress, minTime toRupture,min, hAElongation,min, %ksi MPa660 A, B, and C 1200
48、650 56 385 100 5651 A and B 1200 650 40 275 100 5662 A and B 1200 650 55 380 100 5665 A 1200 650 75 515 100 3B 1200 650 70 485 100 5AThe combination bar specimen shown in Fig.number 1 shall be testedcontinuously at the temperature and at the minimum stress specified or at agreater stress and shall r
49、upture in a time not less than that specified.A453/A453M 10149. Product Marking9.1 Bolts, Nuts, Screws, and StudsIn addition to the gradeand class shown in Table 4, the type designation (see 6.1.1)shall also appear on all fasteners so processed. Grade 660 ClassD and Grade 668 shall be stamped NR in addition t
