1、Designation: A 488/A 488M 07Standard Practice forSteel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures andPersonnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 488/A 488M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the
3、qualification of procedures,welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steelcastings by electric arc welding.1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both theoperator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code shall automatically qualify the procedur
4、eand either or both the operator or welder under this practice.P-number designations in the ASME grouping of base metalsfor qualification may be different than the category numberslisted in Table 1. Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison ofASTM category numbers with the corresponding ASMEP-Number des
5、ignations.1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for thewelding done by his organization and shall conduct the testsrequired to qualify his welding procedures, welders, andoperators.1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a recordof welding procedure qualification tests (Fig.
6、1), welder oroperator performance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and weldingprocedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made availableto the purchasers representative on request.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text
7、, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
8、safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 27/A 27M Specification for
9、 Steel Castings, Carbon, forGeneral ApplicationA 128/A 128M Specification for Steel Castings, AusteniticManganeseA 148/A 148M Specification for Steel Castings, HighStrength, for Structural PurposesA 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature
10、 Ser-viceA 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA 352/A 352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMar
11、tensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forLow-Temperature ServiceA 356/A 356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for SteamTurbinesA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 389/A 389M Specification for Ste
12、el Castings, Alloy, Spe-cially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA 447/A 447M Specification for Steel Castings,Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature ServiceA 487/A 487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable forPressure Ser
13、viceA 494/A 494M Specification for Castings, Nickel andNickel Alloy1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. O
14、riginallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A 488/A 488M 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Categories of Base MaterialsCategoryNumberMaterial Description ASTM Specification Grade
16、s1 Carbon steel (carbon less than 0.35 %, tensile strength less than orequal to 70 ksi 480 MPa).A 27/A 27M all gradesA 216/A 216M WCA, WCBA 352/A 352M LCB, LCAA 356/A 356M 1A 732/A 732M 1A, 2AA 757/A 757M A1QA 958 SC 1020, SC 1025, SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045,CLASSES 65/35, 70/362 Carbon steel (tensil
17、e strength greater than 70 ksi 480 MPa). Carbon-manganese steel (tensile strength equal to or greater than 70 ksi butless than 90 ksi 620 MPa).A 148/A 148M 80-40A 216/A 216M WCCA 352/A 352M LCCA 732/A 732M 2Q, 3AA 757/A 757M A2QA 958 SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045, CLASSES 80/40, 80/503 Carbon and carbon
18、-manganese steel (tensile strength equal to orgreater than 90 ksi 620 MPa).A 732/A 732M 3Q, 4A, 4Q, 5NA 958 SC 1045, CLASSES 90/60, 105/85, 115/954 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered.Tensile strength less than 85 ksi 585 MPa).A 148/A 148M 80-50A 217/A 217M WC1, WC4, WC
19、5, WC6, WC9A 352/A 352M LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4A 356/A 356M 2, 5, 6, 8A 389/A 389M C23, C24A 487/A 487M 11A, 12A, 16AA 757/A 757M B2N, B3N, B4NA 958 SC 4130, SC 4140, SC 8620, SC 8625, SC 8630,CLASSES 65/35, 70/36, 80/40, 80/505 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. A 148/A 1
20、48M 90-60, 105-85Tensile strength equal to or greater than 85 ksi 585 MPa). A 217/A 217M C5, C12, C12A, WC11A 356/A 356M 9, 10, 12A 487/A 487M 1A, 1C, 2A, 2C, 4A, 4C, 6A, 8A, 9A, 9C, 10A, 13AA 732/A 732M 6N, 15AA 757/A 757M D1N1, D1N2, D1N3, E2N1, E2N2, E2N3A 958 SC 4340, CLASSES 90/60, 105/856 Low-
21、alloy steel (quenched and tempered) A 148/A 148M 90-60, 105-85, 115-95, 130-115, 135-125, 150-135,160-145, 165-150, 165-150L, 210-180, 210-180L,260-210, 260-210LA 352/A 352M LC2-1, LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4, LC9A 487/A 487M 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 6B, 7A, 8B, 8C,9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 10B, 11B, 12B, 1
22、3B, 14AA 732/A 732M 7Q, 8Q, 9Q, 10Q, 11Q, 12Q, 13Q, 14QA 757/A 757M B2Q, B3Q, B4Q, C1Q, D1Q1, D1Q2, D1Q3, E1Q,E2Q1, E2Q2, E2Q3A 958 SC 4140, SC 4130, SC 4340, SC 8620, SC 8625,SC 8630, CLASSES 115/95, 130/115, 135/125, 150/135, 160/145, 165/150, 210/1807 Ferritic stainless steel A 743/A 743M CB-30,
23、CC-508 Martensitic stainless steel A 217/A 217M CA-15A 352/A 352M CA6NMA 356/A 356M CA6NMA 487/A 487M CA15-A, CA15-B, CA15-C, CA15-D, CA15M-A,CA6NM-A, CA6NM-BA 743/A 743M CA-15, CA-15M, CA6NM, CA-40, CA6N, CB6A 757/A 757M E3N9 Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel (carbon equal to or less than0.03 %
24、)A 351/A 351M CF-3, CF-3A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN,CG3M, CN3MNA 743/A 743M CF-3, CF-3M, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN, CN-3M, CG3M,CN3MNA 744/A 744M CF-3, CF-3M, CK-3MCUN, CG3M , CN3MN10 Unstabilized austenitic stainless steel (carbon greater than 0.03 %) A 351/A 351M CE-8MN, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-8M, CF-10, C
25、F-10M,CG-8M, CH-8, CH-10, CH-20, CG6MMN,A 488/A 488M 072A 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA 743/A 743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Cor
26、rosion Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA 744/A 744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceA 747/A 747M Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless,Precipitation HardeningA 757/A 757M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pr
27、essure-Containing and Other Applica-tions, for Low-Temperature ServiceA 872/A 872M Specification for Centrifugally CastFerritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive En-vironmentsA 890/A 890M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex(Austenitic/F
28、erritic) for General ApplicationA 958 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy,with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Simi-lar to Standard Wrought GradesA 990 Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for PressureRetaining Parts for C
29、orrosive ServiceA 995/A 995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-ContainingParts2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX2.3 American Welding Society:4ANSI/AWS 3.0 Definitions for Welding and Cutt
30、ing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms relating to weldingshall be in agreement with the definitions of the AmericanWelding Society, ANSI/AWS A3.0.4. Weld Orientation4.1 OrientationThe orientation of welds with respect tohorizontal and vertical planes of reference are classified intofo
31、ur positions, namely, flat, horizontal, vertical, and overheadas shown in Fig. 4. Test material shall be oriented as shown inFig. 4; however, an angular deviation of 615 from thespecified horizontal and vertical planes is permitted duringwelding.4.2 Flat Position (Fig. 4(a)This position covers plate
32、 ina horizontal plane with the weld metal deposited from above,or pipe or a cylindrical casting with its axis horizontal androlled during welding so that the weld metal is deposited fromabove.4.3 Horizontal Position (Fig. 4(b)This position coversplate in a vertical plane with the axis of the weld ho
33、rizontal, orpipe or a cylindrical casting with its axis vertical and the axisof the weld horizontal.4.4 Vertical Position (Fig. 4(c)In this position, the plateis in a vertical plane with the axis of the weld vertical.4.5 Overhead Position (Fig. 4(d)In this position, theplate is in a horizontal plane
34、 with the weld metal depositedfrom underneath.4.6 Horizontal Fixed Position (Fig. 4(e)In this position,the pipe or cylindrical casting has its axis horizontal and the3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5
35、990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.CategoryNumberMaterial Description ASTM Specification GradesCF10S1MNN, CE20NA 447/A 447M Type IA 743/A 743M CF-8, CG-12, CF-20, CF-8M, CF-16F, CF10SMNN,CH-20, CG-8M, CE-30, C
36、G6MMN, CH10, CF16FaA 744/A 744M CF-8, CF-8M, CG-8M11 Stabilized austenitic stainless steel A 351/A 351M CF-8C, CF-10MC, CK-20, HK-30, HK-40, HT-30,CN-7M, CT-15CA 447/A 447M Type IIA 743/A 743M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS, CK-20A 744/A 744M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS12 Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel
37、 A 351/A 351M CD3MWCuN, CD-4MCUA 872/A 872M J93183, J93550A 890/A 890M 1A, 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6AA 995/A 995M 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A13 Precipitation-hardened austenitic stainless steel A 747/A 747M CB7CU-1, CB7CU-214 Nickel-base alloys A 494/A 494M CW-12MW, CY-40 Class 1, CY-40 Class 2, CZ-100,M-35-
38、1, M-35-2, M-30C, N-12MV, N-7M, CW-6M, CW-2M, CW-6MC, CX-2MW, CU5MCUCA 990 CW2M15 Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese A 128/A 128M A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, C, D, E-1, E-2, FA 488/A 488M 073FIG. 1 Report Form 1A 488/A 488M 074FIG. 2 Report Form 2A 488/A 488M 075REPORT FORM 3RECOMMENDED FORM FOR WELDIN
39、G PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION1. TitleWelding ofAsteel castings.AIndicate general material description, such as carbon, Cr-Mo, 12 Cr, etc.2. Specification No. Rev.Date3. Scope3.1 Procedure Specification No. covers the welding ofAsteel castings using theBwelding process.AIndicate general material descript
40、ion in the Title.BIndicate specific welding process, such as shielded metal arc, etc.4. Base Material4.1 The base material shall conform to the specification forAwhich is found in materials category numberB.AInsert reference to ASTM designation or indicate chemical analysis andphysical properties.BI
41、ndicate category number from Table 1.4.2 Base material shall be in theAheat treated condition beforewelding.AIndicate heat treatment before welding.5. Filler Metal5.1 The filler metal shall conform to ANSI/AWS SpecificationAwhich is found in weld metal analysis group AB.AIndicate appropriate America
42、n Welding Society specification number andfiller metal classification (e.g., A5.1 E7018).BIndicate A Number from Table 4.5.2 Flux for submerged arc welding shall conform to the following nominalcomposition:A.AIndicate chemical composition or trade designation.5.3 Shielding gas for gas shielded arc w
43、elding shall conform to thefollowing nominal composition:A.AIndicate the single gas or proportional parts of mixed gases and flow rates.6. Preparation of Base Material6.1 Metal removal shall be performed byA.AIndicate method of metal removal, such as chipping, grinding, carbon arccutting, frame cutt
44、ing, etc. Also indicate whether preheat is required duringmetal removal.6.2 Configuration of the weld preparation for partial penetration weldsshall conform to the following geometry:A.AIndicate minimum root radius and minimum side wall angle.6.3 Configuration of the weld preparation for full penetr
45、ation welds shallconform to the following geometry:A.AIndicate minimum side wall angle.6.4 Backing plates shall be used for welding full penetration welds.Backing plates shall be made fromAsteel and shall fit the back ofthe cavity with a minimum gap ofB.AIndicate material of backing plate.BIndicate
46、dimension of maximum gap.6.5 Surfaces of the weld preparation shall be cleaned of all oil, grease,dirt, scale, slag, shot blasting grit, or any foreign material which maybe harmful to the quality of the weld. Surfaces of backing plateswhen used shall also meet the same cleanliness requirements.6.6 A
47、ll surfaces of the weld preparation shall be inspected asfollows:A.AIndicate type of inspection.7. Preheat7.1 Preheat and interpass temperature shall be maintained in the rangefromAtoBduringC.AIndicate minimum temperature.BIndicate maximum temperature.CIndicate if preheat maintenance is during weldi
48、ng or until postweld heattreatment is performed.7.2 Preheat for tack welding of backing plates is the same as requiredfor welding.7.3 Minimum temperature before applying heat shall beA.AIndicate temperature.7.4 Local preheating to the temperatures indicated may be performedso that the heated area co
49、mpletely surrounds the weld preparation for aminimum distance ofAin any direction.AIndicate minimum distance for local preheating.8. Welding Position8.1 Welds shall be made in theAposition.AIndicate position or positions in which the welding will be performed. SeeFig. 4.9. Electrical Characteristics9.1 The current used shall beA. The base material shall be attachedto theBwelding electrode lead.AIndicate whether direct or alternating current. If direct, state whethernon-pulsed or pulsed. If pulsed, state frequency.BIndicate whether electrode positive
