1、Designation: A 490 08aAmerican Association StateHighway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: M 253Standard Specification forStructural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi MinimumTensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 490; the number immediately follow
2、ing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approv
3、ed for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of quenched andtempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts having atensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi.1.2 These bolts are intended for use in structural connec-tions. These connections are cove
4、red under the requirements ofthe Specification for Structural Joints Using SpecificationA 325 or A 490 bolts, approved by the Research Council onStructural Connections; endorsed by the American Institute ofSteel Construction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.21.3 The bolts are furnished in si
5、zes12 to 112 in., inclusive.They are designated by type denoting chemical composition asfollows:Type DescriptionType 1 Medium carbon alloy steelType 2 Withdrawn in 2002Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 This specification provides that heavy hex structuralbolts shall be furnished unless other dimensional re
6、quirementsare specified on the purchase order.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.6 For metric bolts, see Specification A 490M Classes 10.9and 10.9.31.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to theTest Methods portion,
7、 Section 12 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions
8、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 354 Specification for Q
9、uenched and Tempered AlloySteel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-ersA 490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts,Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints MetricA 563 Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel NutsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forCh
10、emical Analysis of Steel ProductsD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle ExaminationE 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determi
11、ning the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF 959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension Indica
12、tors for Use with Structural FastenersF 1136 Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protec-tive Coatings for FastenersF 1136M Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Pro-tective Coatings for Fasteners MetricF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance
13、Inspection1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition
14、 approved in 2008 as A 490 08.2Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
15、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by
16、ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Sun Feb 24 20:14:17 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.F 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersG 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 A
17、SME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural ApplicationsB18.24 Part Identification Number (PIN) Code SystemStandard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 SAE Standard:5SAE J121 Decarburization in Hardened and TemperedThreaded Fasteners2.4 IFI Standard:6IFI 144 Test Evalua
18、tion Procedures for Coating Qualifica-tion Intended for Use on High-Strength Bolts3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this speci-fication shall include the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories );3.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diam
19、eter, thread pitch,and bolt length. The thread length shall not be changed;3.1.3 Name of product: heavy hex structural bolts, or othersuch bolts as specified;3.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified,either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at the suppliersoption;3.1.5 ASTM desi
20、gnation and year of issue,3.1.6 Other components such as nuts, washers, and washer-type direct tension indicators, if required;3.1.7 Test Reports, if required (see Section 15); and3.1.8 Protective coating per Specification F 1136, Grade 3,if required. See 4.3.3.1.9 Special requirements.3.1.10 For es
21、tablishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.NOTE 1A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces 18 in.dia 3 4 in. long heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A 490 02; eachwith two hardened washers, ASTM F 436 Type 1; and one heavy hex nut,ASTM A 563 Grade DH.3.2 Recommended Nuts
22、:3.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of SpecificationA 563 are the recommended nuts for use with SpecificationA 490 heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of the classand have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish1, plain (uncoated)
23、A 563DH, DH3 plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith Specification F 1136, Grade 3A 563coated in accordance withSpecification F 1136, Grade 5.3, weathering steel A 563DH3, weathering steel3.2.2 Alternatively, nuts conforming to Specification A 194/A 194M Gr. 2H plain (uncoated) are considered a
24、suitablesubstitute for use with Specification A 490 Type 1 heavy hexstructural bolts.3.3 Recommended WashersWashers conforming to Speci-fication F 436 are the recommended washers for use withSpecification A 490 heavy hex structural bolts. The washersshall have a surface finish for each type of bolt
25、as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish1, plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith F 1136, Grade 3plain, coated in accordancewith F 1136, Grade 33, weathering steel weathering steel3.4 Other AccessoriesWhen compressible washer typedirect tension indicators are specified to
26、be used with thesebolts, they shall conform to Specification F 959 Type 490.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat TreatmentType 1 and Type 3 bolts shall be heattreated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature andthen tempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than800F.4.2 Threading
27、The threads shall be cut or rolled.4.3 Protective Coatings:4.3.1 When a protective coating is required and specified,the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum CorrosionProtective Coatings in accordance with Specification F 1136,Grade 3. This coating has been qualified based on the findingsof an i
28、nvestigation founded on IFI 144.74.3.2 No other metallic coatings are permitted unless autho-rized by Committee F16. Future consideration of any coatingwill be based on results of testing performed in accordancewith the procedures in IFI 144, and submitted to CommitteeF16 for review (See note 2).NOT
29、E 2For more detail see the H. E. Townsend Report “Effects ofZinc Coatings on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlementof LowAlloy Steel,” published in Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 6,April1975.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to thechemical compos
30、ition specified in Table 1. The steel shall4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-00
31、01, http:/www.sae.org.6Available from Industrial Fastener Institute, (IFI), 6363 Oak Tree Boulevard,Independence, OH 44131. http:/www.industrial-fasteners.org.7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: F161001.TABLE 1 Chem
32、ical Requirements for Type 1 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.300.48 0.280.50For size 112 in. 0.350.53 0.330.55Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying Elements See 5.1 A 490 08a2Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Sun Feb
33、24 20:14:17 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloysteel (see Note 3).NOTE 3Steel is considered to be alloy by the American Iron and SteelInstitute when the maximum
34、 of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified orrequired within the limits of the recogni
35、zed field of constructional alloysteels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any otheralloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.5.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to thechemical comp
36、osition requirements in Table 2. See GuideG 101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosionresistance of low alloy steel.5.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representingeach lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Tables 1 and 2, as applicable.5.4 Heats of
37、steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, orlead has been intentionally added shall not be used for boltsfurnished to this specification. Compliance with this require-ment shall be based on certification that steels having theseelements intentionally added were not used.5.5 Chemical analyses shal
38、l be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 HardnessThe bolts shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.6.2 Tensile Properties:6.2.1 Except as permitted in 6.2.2 for long bolts and 6.2.3for short bolts, sizes 1.00 in. and smalle
39、r having a length of 214D and longer and sizes larger than 1.00 in. having a length of3D and longer shall be wedge tested full size and shall conformto the minimum and maximum wedge tensile load, and proofload or alternative proof load specified in Table 4. The loadachieved during proof load testing
40、 shall be equal to or greaterthan the specified proof load.6.2.2 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 5. When boltsare tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods,the full
41、-size test shall take precedence.6.2.3 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length shorter than214 D down to 2D, inclusive, that cannot be wedge tensiletested shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conformto the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proofload specified in Tabl
42、e 4. Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having alength shorter than 2D that cannot be axially tensile tested shallbe qualified on the basis of hardness.6.2.4 For bolts on which hardness and tension tests areperformed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness
43、 readings.7. Carburization/Decarburization7.1 This test is intended to evaluate the presence or absenceof carburization and decarburization as determined by thedifference in microhardness near the surface and core.7.2 Requirements:7.2.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of acarburized su
44、rface when evaluated in accordance with 12.2.7.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization inSAE J121 for Class 2/3H materials when evaluated in accor-dance with 12.2.8. Dimensions8.1 Head and Body:8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, bol
45、ts shall conform to thedimensions for heavy hex structural bolts specified in ASMEB18.2.6.8.1.2 The thread length shall not be changed from thatspecified in ASME B18.2.6 for heavy hex structural bolts.Bolts requiring thread lengths other than those required by thisspecification shall be ordered unde
46、r Specification A 354 Gr.BD.8.2 ThreadsThreads shall be the Unified Coarse ThreadSeries as specified in ASME B1.1 and shall have Class 2Atolerances.9. Workmanship9.1 The allowable limits, inspection, and evaluation of thesurface discontinuities, quench cracks, forging cracks, headbursts, shear burst
47、s, seams, folds, thread laps, voids, toolmarks, nicks, and gouges shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation F 788/F 788M (see Note 4).NOTE 4Specification F 788/F 788M nor Guide F 1470 do not guar-antee 100 % freedom from head bursts. Sampling is designed to providea 95 % confidence level of freedom
48、 from head bursts in any test lot. Headbursts, within the limits in Specification F 788/F 788M, are unsightly butdo not affect mechanical properties or functional requirements of the bolt.10. Magnetic Particle Inspection for LongitudinalDiscontinuities and Transverse Cracks10.1 Requirements:10.1.1 E
49、ach sample representative of the lot shall be mag-netic particle inspected for longitudinal discontinuities andtransverse cracks.10.1.2 The lot, as represented by the sample, shall be freefrom nonconforming bolts, as defined in Specification F 788/F 788M, when inspected in accordance with 10.2.1-10.2.3.10.2 Inspection Procedure:10.2.1 The inspection sample shall be selected at randomfrom each lot in accordance with Guide F 1470 and examinedfor longitudinal discontinuities and transverse cracks.TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 BoltsE
