1、Designation: A490 09American Association StateHighway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: M 253Standard Specification forStructural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi MinimumTensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A490; the number immediately following
2、 the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved f
3、or use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of quenched andtempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts having atensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi.1.2 These bolts are intended for use in structural connec-tions. These connections are covered
4、under the requirements ofthe Specification for Structural Joints Using SpecificationA325or A490 bolts, approved by the Research Council on StructuralConnections; endorsed by the American Institute of SteelConstruction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.21.3 The bolts are furnished in sizes12 t
5、o 112 in., inclusive.They are designated by type denoting chemical composition asfollows:Type DescriptionType 1 Medium carbon alloy steelType 2 Withdrawn in 2002Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 This specification provides that heavy hex structuralbolts shall be furnished unless other dimensional requireme
6、ntsare specified on the purchase order.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.6 For metric bolts, see Specification A490M Classes 10.9and 10.9.31.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of
7、 measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to theTest Methods portion, Section 12 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof th
8、is standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA3
9、25 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy SteelBolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel J
10、oints (Metric)A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-rialsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1444 Pract
11、ice for Magnetic Particle TestingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screw
12、s, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF1136 Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protec-tive Coatings for FastenersF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties an
13、d Performance Inspection1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2008 as A490 08b. DOI:10.1520/A0490-09.2Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Serv
15、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
16、8-2959, United States.F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and StudsG101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:4B1
17、.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural ApplicationsB18.24 Part Identification Number (PIN) Code SystemStandard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 IFI Standard:5IFI 144 Test Evaluation Procedures for Coating Qualifica-tion Intended for Use on High-Strength Bolts3. Ordering Informat
18、ion3.1 Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this speci-fication shall include the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories );3.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch,and bolt length. The thread length shall not be changed;3.1.3 Name of product: heav
19、y hex structural bolts, or othersuch bolts as specified;3.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified,either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at the suppliersoption;3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.6 Other components such as nuts, washers, and washer-type direct tension
20、 indicators, if required;3.1.7 Test Reports, if required (see Section 15); and3.1.8 Protective coating per Specification F1136, Grade 3, ifrequired. See 4.3.3.1.9 Special requirements.3.1.10 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.NOTE 1A typical ordering description follows:
21、1000 pieces 18 in.dia 3 4 in. long heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A490M 02;each with two hardened washers, ASTM F436 Type 1; and one heavy hexnut, ASTM A563 Grade DH.3.2 Recommended Nuts:3.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of SpecificationA563 are the recommended nuts for use with Spe
22、cificationA490M heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of theclass and have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish1, plain (uncoated) A563DH, DH3 plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith Specification F1136, Grade 3A563coated in accordan
23、ce withSpecification F1136, Grade 5.3, weathering steel A563DH3, weathering steel3.2.2 Alternatively, nuts conforming to Specification A194/A194M Gr. 2H plain (uncoated) are considered a suitablesubstitute for use with Specification A490M Type 1 heavy hexstructural bolts.3.3 Recommended WashersWashe
24、rs conforming to Speci-fication F436 are the recommended washers for use withSpecification A490M heavy hex structural bolts. The washersshall have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish1, plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith F1136
25、, Grade 3plain, coated in accordancewith F1136, Grade 33, weathering steel weathering steel3.4 Other AccessoriesWhen compressible washer typedirect tension indicators are specified to be used with thesebolts, they shall conform to Specification F959 Type 490.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat Trea
26、tmentType 1 and Type 3 bolts shall be heattreated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature andthen tempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than800F.4.2 ThreadingThe threads shall be cut or rolled.4.3 Protective Coatings:4.3.1 When a protective coating is required and specified,
27、the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum CorrosionProtective Coatings in accordance with Specification F1136,Grade 3. This coating has been qualified based on the findingsof an investigation founded on IFI 144.64.3.2 No other metallic coatings are permitted unless autho-rized by Committee F16. F
28、uture consideration of any coatingwill be based on results of testing performed in accordancewith the procedures in IFI 144, and submitted to CommitteeF16 for review (See note 2).NOTE 2For more detail see the H. E. Townsend Report “Effects ofZinc Coatings on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Em
29、brittlementof LowAlloy Steel,” published in Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 6,April1975.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to thechemical composition specified in Table 1. The steel shall4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEIntern
30、ational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Industrial Fastener Institute, (IFI), 6363 Oak Tree Boulevard,Independence, OH 44131. http:/www.industrial-fasteners.org.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe ob
31、tained by requesting Research Report F16-1001.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.300.48 0.280.50For size 112 in. 0.350.53 0.330.55Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying Elements See 5.1 A490 0
32、92contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloysteel (see Note 3).NOTE 3Steel is considered to be alloy by the American Iron and SteelInstitute when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;sili
33、con, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified orrequired within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloysteels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium,
34、 tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any otheralloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.5.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to thechemical composition requirements in Table 2. See GuideG101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosionresistance of low alloy s
35、teel.5.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representingeach lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Tables 1 and 2, as applicable.5.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, orlead has been intentionally added shall not be used for boltsfurnished to thi
36、s specification. Compliance with this require-ment shall be based on certification that steels having theseelements intentionally added were not used.5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 HardnessThe bolts
37、 shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.6.2 Tensile Properties:6.2.1 Except as permitted in 6.2.2 for long bolts and 6.2.3for short bolts, sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length of 214D and longer and sizes larger than 1.00 in. having a length of3D and longer shall be wedge tested ful
38、l size and shall conformto the minimum and maximum wedge tensile load, and proofload or alternative proof load specified in Table 4. The loadachieved during proof load testing shall be equal to or greaterthan the specified proof load.6.2.2 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testingimpractic
39、al, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 5. When boltsare tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods,the full-size test shall take precedence.6.2.3 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length shorter than214 D down to 2D, inclusive, th
40、at cannot be wedge tensiletested shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conformto the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proofload specified in Table 4. Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having alength shorter than 2D that cannot be axially tensile tested shallbe qualified on the
41、 basis of hardness.6.2.4 For bolts on which hardness and tension tests areperformed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.7. Carburization/Decarburization7.1 This test is intended to evaluate the presence or absenceof carburization and d
42、ecarburization as determined by thedifference in microhardness near the surface and core.7.2 Requirements:7.2.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of acarburized surface when evaluated in accordance with 12.2.7.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements
43、 set forth for decarburization inTest Method F2328 materials when evaluated in accordancewith 12.2.8. Dimensions8.1 Head and Body:8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, bolts shall conform to thedimensions for heavy hex structural bolts specified in ASMEB18.2.6.8.1.2 The thread length shall not be change
44、d from thatspecified in ASME B18.2.6 for heavy hex structural bolts.Bolts requiring thread lengths other than those required by thisspecification shall be ordered under Specification A354 Gr.BD.8.2 ThreadsThreads shall be the Unified Coarse ThreadSeries as specified in ASME B1.1 and shall have Class
45、 2Atolerances.9. Workmanship9.1 The allowable limits, inspection, and evaluation of thesurface discontinuities, quench cracks, forging cracks, headbursts, shear bursts, seams, folds, thread laps, voids, toolmarks, nicks, and gouges shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation F788/F788M.10. Magnetic P
46、article Inspection for LongitudinalDiscontinuities and Transverse Cracks10.1 Requirements:10.1.1 Each sample representative of the lot shall be mag-netic particle inspected for longitudinal discontinuities andtransverse cracks.10.1.2 The lot, as represented by the sample, shall be freefrom nonconfor
47、ming bolts, as defined in Specification F788/F788M, when inspected in accordance with 10.2.1-10.2.3.10.2 Inspection Procedure:10.2.1 The inspection sample shall be selected at randomfrom each lot in accordance with Practice F1470 and examinedfor longitudinal discontinuities and transverse cracks.10.
48、2.2 Magnetic particle inspection shall be conducted inaccordance with Guide E709 or Practice E1444. Guide E709shall be used for referee purposes. If any nonconforming boltis found during the manufacturers examination of the lotselected in 10.2.1, the lot shall be 100 % magnetic particleTABLE 2 Chemi
49、cal Requirements for Type 3 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %CarbonSizes 0.75 in. and smaller 0.200.53 0.190.55Sizes larger than 0.75 in. 0.300.53 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.40 0.37Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Copper 0.200.60 0.170.63Chromium, min 0.45 0.42Nickel, minor0.20 0.17Molybdenum, min 0.15 0.14A490 093inspected, and all nonconforming bolts shall be removed andscrapped or destroyed.10.2.3 Eddy current or liquid penetrant inspection shall bean acceptable substitute for the 100 % magnetic particlein
