1、Designation: A534 17Standard Specification forCarburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbu
3、riz-ing bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture ofanti-friction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parenthe
4、ses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment o
5、f International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for SteelBars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA255 Test Methods for Determ
6、ining Hardenability of SteelA304 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subjectto End-Quench Hardenability RequirementsA510/A510M Specification for General Requirements forWire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, andAlloy SteelA519/A519M Specification for Seamless Carbon and AlloySteel
7、Mechanical TubingA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rodsand Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel (Withdrawn 2011)3E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE112 Test Methods for Dete
8、rmining Average Grain SizeE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Dep
9、th of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information:3.1.1 Quantity,3.1.2 Alloy grade identification,3.1.3 Specification designation an
10、d year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions, shape, and3.1.5 Supplementary requirements.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting the requirements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples
11、of chemical compositions are shownin Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to the requirements
12、specified in Table 11This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last
13、 previous edition approved in 2014 as A534 14. DOI:10.1520/A0534-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
14、ebsite.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.*A Summary of Changes
15、section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decisio
16、n on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1for the ordered grade, or to other requirements agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made
17、 by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be inaccordance with Specification A29/A29M, Practices, and Ter-minology.6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations6.1 The size and shape of the material shall be a
18、greed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances shall conform to the require-ments specified in Specifications A29/A29M, A510/A510M,A519/A519M,orA752 as appropriate for the material or asagreed between manufacturer and purchaser.6.3 The dimensional tolerances for the forgings
19、 shall con-form to the requirements of the engineering drawing.7. Quality Assurance7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished and shall make the necessary tests toensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report onthe results of the micro-inclusi
20、on rating tests detailed below.Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.3 are based uponprocedures established in Test Methods E45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4-in. (102 by102-mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be madeo
21、n smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.A minimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sectionsis required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the top and bottom of the first, middle, and lastusable ingots shall be
22、 examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be examined and they shall represent the top andbottom of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at randomfrom the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, fromthe usable plate poured nearest to the middle of the heat
23、andone ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. Whentwo usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingotsshall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where asingle usable plate constitutes a heat, any three random ingotsmay be selected. Other methods of sampling shall b
24、e as agreedupon by manufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle, and last usable portion of the heatcast shall be examined.At least one sample shall be taken fromeach strand.7.3 Inclusion RatingThe polished face of the specimenssha
25、ll be38 by34 in. (9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken froman area halfway between the center and outside of the billet orforged sections. The polished face shall be longitudinal to thedirection of rolling. The scale used for rating the specimensshall be the Jernkontoret chart described in Test Method
26、s E45,Method A, Plate I-A. Fields with sizes or numbers of all typesof inclusions intermediate between configurations shown onthe chart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number.The worst field of each inclusion type from each specimenTABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA,BISOCName C Mn P (max)
27、 S (max) Si Cr Ni Mo Cu (max) O (max)DAl (max). . . 4118H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.70 . . . 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4320H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.35 - 0.7
28、5 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4720H 0.17 - 0.23 0.45 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.60 0.85 - 1.25 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4817H 0.14 - 0.20 0.30 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4
29、820H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 5120H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 8617H 0.14 - 0.20 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.3
30、0 0.0020 0.050. . . 8620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 9310H 0.07 - 0.13 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 1.00 - 1.45 2.95 - 3.55 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 20Cr3+H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.6
31、0 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 20Cr4+H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 20MnCr4-2+H 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 17MnCr5+H 0.14 - 0.19 1.00 - 1.30 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.8
32、0 - 1.10 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 19MnCr5+H 0.17 - 0.22 1.10 - 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.30 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 15CrMo4+H 0.12 - 0.18 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 20CrMo4+H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 m
33、ax 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 20MnCrMo4-2+H 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . 0.10 - 0.20 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 20MnNiCrMo3-2+H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.70 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 20NiCrMo7+H 0.17 -
34、 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 1.60 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 18CrNiMo7-6+H 0.15 - 0.21 0.50 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.50 - 1.80 1.40 - 1.70 0.25 - 0.35 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 18NiCrMo14-6+H 0.15 - 0.20 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.30 - 1.60 3.25 - 3.75 0.15
35、 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050ISO 16NiCrMo16-5+H 0.14 - 0.18 0.25 - 0.55 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.40 3.80 - 4.30 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.BIntentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys
36、for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.CSteels listed as ISO meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Third Edition, Table 3 and Table 5.DOxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test M
37、ethods E1019.A534 172shall be recorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds ofall specimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or fromthe first, middle, and last portion of the strands tested, as wellas the average of all specimens, shall not exceed the ratingspecified in Table 2.8. Grai
38、n Size8.1 The grain size shall be six or finer as defined in TestMethods E112 (see Plate 4, austenitic grain size in steels).Material not meeting this requirement may be normalized at1700 F (927 C) or above and retested.9. Hardenability9.1 Each heat shall be tested for hardenability in accordancewit
39、h Test Methods A255 or ISO 683 Part 17 for the ISOchemical compositions in Table 1. The “J” values for harden-ability shall conform to limits specified in Specification A304,ISO 683 Part 17, or as agreed upon by manufacturer andpurchaser.10. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections10.1 Decarburizat
40、ion and surface imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Tables 3 and 4. Decarburizationshall be measured using the microscopical methods describedin Test Methods E1077.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisf
41、y him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,unless otherwise agreed upon.12. Certif
42、ication and Reports12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification, togetherwith a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the timeof shipment. Special requirement
43、s agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on the certification.TABLE 2 Inclusion RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA2.5 A1.5B2.0 B1.0C0.5 C0.5D1.0 D1.0TABLE 3 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Coils and Bars for Balls and RollersSize,in. (mm)Decarburization or Surface Impe
44、rfectionsper side, max, in. (mm)Hot-Rolled orHot-Rolled AnnealedCold-Finishedthrough 0.250 (6.35) 0.005 (0.13) 0.003 (0.08)over 0.250 (6.35) to 0.500 (12.7), incl 0.006 (0.15) 0.004 (0.10)over 0.500 (12.7) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.008 (0.20) 0.006 (0.15)over 0.750 (19.1) to 1.000 (25.4), incl 0.010 (
45、0.25) 0.008 (0.20)TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Bars and TubesDecarburization and Surface Imperfections per side, max, in. (mm)Size, in. (mm)Hot-RolledBarsAnnealed Cold-FinishedBars Tubes Bars Tubesthrough 1.000 (25.4) 0.012 (0.31) 0.015 (0.38) 0.012 (0.31) 0.012 (0.31) 0.010
46、 (0.21)over 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8), incl 0.017 (0.43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.015 (0.38) 0.014 (0.36)over 2.000 (50.8) to 3.000 (76.2), incl 0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6), incl 0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0.035 (0.89) . 0.0
47、24 (0.61)over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000 (127.0), incl 0.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) . 0.028 (0.71)A534 173SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included in thepurchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requiremen
48、t shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydescribed shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S1. Titanium ContentS1.1 The purc
49、haser may specify that the analysis of titaniumbe provided by agreement with the steel manufacturer.S2. Residual ElementsS2.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis oftitanium, aluminum, and/or oxygen, be provided by agreementwith the steel manufacturer. The number and location ofsamples shall be by agreement between the purchaser andmanufacturer.S3. “SAM” Inclusion Rating SystemS3.1 The purchaser may specify that the “SAM” inclusionrating method described in Test Methods E45, Method E, beused in addition to the micro-inclusion rating method describedin 7.3.S3.2 S
