1、Designation: A571/A571M 01 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Specification forAustenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-ContainingParts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A571/A571M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers austenitic ductile iron, TypeD
3、-2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps,valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarilyfor low-temperature service.1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterizedby having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form andfree of flake graphite. They a
4、re essentially free of carbides andcontain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austeniticmatrix down to 423F 252C (liquid hydrogen).1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equival
5、ents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section
6、 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior t
7、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing ofMetallic MaterialsE30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of
8、 Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron4E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),3.1.2 ASTM
9、 designation and year of issue,3.1.3 Material class (Table 1),3.1.4 Impact test temperature requirement (Section 11),3.1.5 Place of inspection (Section 13), and3.1.6 Certification requirements (Section 14).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 MaterialThe iron shall be made in the electric-arcfurnace, ind
10、uction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace whichis capable of producing castings meeting the chemical compo-sitions and mechanical properties in this specification.4.2 Heat Treatment:4.2.1 All castings shall be heat treated.4.2.2 Heat treatment shall be performed before machiningexcept in instance
11、s when reheat treating is necessary.4.2.3 Heat treatment shall consist of annealing. The proce-dure for this type treatment shall consist of heating the castingto a minimum of 1600F 870C but not greater than 1800F980C holding at that temperature not less than 1 h/in. 1 h/25mm of section and furnace
12、cooling. (See Terminology A941.)5. Chemical Requirements5.1 Drillings taken from test coupons, broken test speci-mens or castings shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 2.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A04 onIron Castings
13、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleableand Ductile Iron Castings.Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A571/A571M 01(2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0571_A0571M-01R11.2For ASME Boiler
14、and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-571 in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Doc
15、ument Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be
16、made oneither chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers ap-proximately132-in. 0.8-mm thick cut from test coupons.Drillings shall not be used because of attendant loss ofgraphite.6. Physical Property Requirements6.1 Tensile PropertiesThe room temperature mechanicalproperties of the two classe
17、s of ductile iron used for the castingshall conform to the requirements for the heat-treated conditionshown in Table 1.6.2 Impact PropertiesThe notched-bar impact propertiesof the materials shall be determined by testing a set of threeCharpy V-notch impact specimens to the energy absorptionrequireme
18、nts shown in Table 1. The test temperature shall beagreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.The energyabsorption value shown in Table 1 are applicable at tempera-tures down to and including 320F 195C.6.3 Brinell HardnessThe room temperature hardness oftest bars and castings shall conform to
19、 the requirements ofTable 1.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions andtolerances on the drawings furnished by the purchaser, or if nodrawing has been provided, to the dimensions predicated bythe pattern supplied by the purchaser. The castings shall be
20、freefrom injurious defects. Surfaces of the castings shall be free ofburnt-on sand and shall be reasonably smooth. Runners, risers,fins, and other useless cast-on pieces shall be removed. In otherrespects the castings shall conform to whatever points may bespecifically agreed upon between the manufa
21、cturer and thepurchaser.8. Sampling8.1 The standard test coupons shall be the 1-in. 25-mm“Y” block and 1-in. 25-mm keel block as shown in Fig. 1 andFig. 2, respectively.8.2 The separately cast test coupons from which the tensiontest specimens are machined shall be cast to the size and shapeshown in
22、Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. The size of coupon cast to representthe casting shall be at the option of the purchaser. In case nooption is expressed, the manufacturer shall make the choice.8.3 Test coupons shall be poured immediately after thecastings and from the same ladle of metal. Test coupons shallbe left
23、in the mold until they have cooled black. Test couponsshall be included in the same furnace load as the castings theyrepresent (see Fig. 3).9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 Test coupons shall be poured from each ladle treatedwith nodulizing agent unless otherwise specified.TABLE 1 Mechanical Proper
24、ty RequirementsAClass 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4Tensile Strength, min, ksi mPa 65 60 450 415Yield Strength 0.2 % (offset), min, ksi mPaB30 25 205 170Elongation, min, % 30 25 30 25Brinell Hardness, 3000 kg kgf 121171 111171 121171 111171Charpy V-notch, ftlbf Jmin, average 3 tests 15 20 20 27min, indiv
25、idual testC12 15 16 20AHeat-treated condition.BYield Strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset by the offset method, see Test Methods E8. Other methods may be agreed upon by mutual consent of manufacturerand purchaser.CNot more than one test in a set of three may be below the minimum average requ
26、ired for the set of three.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Total carbon 2.22.7ASilicon 1.52.50Manganese 3.754.5Nickel 21.024.0Chromium 0.20 maxBPhosphorus 0.08 maxAFor castings with sections under14 in. 6 mm, it may be desirable to adjust thecarbon upwards to a maximum of 2.90 %.BN
27、ot intentionally added.“Y Block Size“Y” Block SizeDimen-sionsFor Castingsof ThicknessLess Than12in. 12.5 mmFor Castingsof Thickness12 to 112 in.12.5 to 40 mmFor Castingsof Thicknessof 112 in. 40 mmand Overin. mm in. mm in. mmA12 12.5 1 25 3 75B 1 25 218 55 5 125C 2 50 3 75 4 100D 4 100 6 150 8 200E
28、7 175 7 175 7 175approx approx approxF916 14 1116 27 3116 78G718 180 718 180 718 180approx approx approxFIG. 1 “Y” Blocks for Test CouponsA571/A571M 01 (2011)29.2 The number of representative coupons poured and testedshall be established by the manufacturer, unless otherwiseagreed upon with the purc
29、haser.9.3 One tension test at room temperature and three impacttests at the required temperature shall be performed from eachladle treated with nodulizing agent unless otherwise specified.9.4 If any test specimens (tension or impact) show obviousfoundry defects, another specimen may be cut from the
30、sametest coupon or from another test coupon representing the samemetal. The manufacturer may reheat treat castings, but onlyonce without requiring approval of the purchaser, if the testresults do not conform to the requirements specified.9.5 Failure of the retest specimen to conform to thisspecifica
31、tion shall be cause for rejection of the castings thatthey represent.10. Specimen Preparation10.1 Tension test specimens shall be the standard roundspecimen with 2-in. 50-mm gage length (Fig. 4) except whenthe12-in. 12.5-mm “Y” block is being used. In this case,either of the test specimens shown in
32、Fig. 5 shall be satisfac-tory.10.2 Impact test specimens shall be machined to the formshown for Type A in Test Methods E23.11. Test Methods11.1 Chemical AnalysisAll chemical analyses shall bemade in accordance with the following methods: Practice E59,and Test Methods E30, or by spectrographic method
33、s. Shoulda dispute arise concerning the chemical composition whenspectrographic techniques are used, the methods specified inPractice E59 and Test Methods E30 shall be used as umpiremethods.11.2 Impact Test:11.2.1 The notched-bar impact test shall be made in accor-dance with the procedure for the si
34、mple beam Type A Charpytest described in Test Methods E23.11.2.2 In particular, impact tests at these low temperaturesshould be made with the following precautions:The impact testspecimens as well as the handling tongs shall be cooled asufficient time in a suitable container so that both reach theNO
35、TEThe length of the keel block shall be 6 in. 150 mm.Keel Block DimensionsDimensions in. mmA212 60B112 40C12 13D125FIG. 2 Keel Block for Test Coupons(a)12-in. 12.5-mm “Y”-BlockTwo blanks for 0.252-in. 6.5-mm di-ameter tension test specimens.(b) 1-in. 25-mm “Y”-BlockTwo blanks for 0.50-in. 12.5-mm di
36、am-eter tension test specimens or impact specimens.(c) 3-in. 75-mm “Y”-BlockTwo blanks for 0.50-in. 12.5-mm diam-eter tension test specimens and two blanks for impact specimens.FIG. 3 Sectioning Procedure for “Y” BlocksA571/A571M 01 (2011)3desired temperature. The temperature shall be measured witht
37、hermocouples, thermometers, or any other suitable devicesand shall be controlled within 610F 6C. The specimensshall be quickly transferred from the cooling device to the anvilof the Charpy impact testing machine and broken with a timelapse of not more than 5 s.12. Special Tests12.1 Hydrostatic Press
38、ure Tests:12.1.1 Each pressure-containing casting, where practicable,shall be tested after machining to the test pressure specified byany applicable code and shall show no leaks. Castings orderedunder this specification not covered by any pertinent specifi-cation and castings ordered for special ser
39、vice applicationsshall be tested to such pressures as may be established by thepurchaser.12.1.2 Although the foundry cannot always perform therequired pressure testing on unmachined castings, they shall beresponsible for the satisfactory performance of the castingsunder the final tests required in 1
40、2.1.1.12.2 Additional Tests:12.2.1 Radiographic standards, fracture tests, microstruc-ture standards, liquid penetrant tests, or any other special testsmay be required when so specified in the inquiry, contract ororder and when mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer andpurchaser.12.2.2 Due to the
41、very low magnetic permeability of thismaterial, the magnetic particle inspection test is not an accept-able method of qualification.13. Inspection13.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall haveentry at all times, while work on the contract of the purchaseris being performed, to all parts of
42、 the manufacturers workswhich concern the manufacture of the materials ordered. Themanufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilitiesto satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. Unless otherwise specified, all tests andinspection shall be m
43、ade at the place of manufacture prior toshipment, and shall be so conducted as not to interfereunnecessarily with the operation of the works.14. Certification14.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and theseller, a certification shall be made the basis of acceptance ofthe material. This sh
44、all consist of a copy of the manufacturerstest report or a statement by the seller, accompanied by a copyof the test results, that the material has been tested andNOTEThe gage length fillets shall be as shown but the ends may be ofany shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way tha
45、t theload shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper from theends toward the center, with the ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. 0.08 to 0.13 mmlarger in diameter than the center.FIG. 4 Standard Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-in. 50-mmGage LengthNOTEIf desired, the length of the reduced
46、 section may be increased toaccommodate an extensometer.FIG. 5 Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportional toStandard12-in. 12.5-mm Round SpecimenA571/A571M 01 (2011)4inspected in accordance with the provisions of this specifica-tion. Each certification so furnished shall be signed by anauthorized
47、 agent of the seller or manufacturer.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. Y-BLOCK SELECTIONX1.1 As a general guide for selection of the properY-block,the tabulation in Table X1.1, based on coolingrates, shows, forvarious test coupons, the equivalent geometric shapes withvarious dimensions.ASTM Inte
48、rnational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely
49、 their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration a
