1、Designation: A691/A691M 09Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded forHigh-Pressure Service at High Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A691/A691M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers carbon and alloy steel pipe,electric-fusion-weld
3、ed with filler metal added, fabricated frompressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strengthlevels and suitable for high-pressure service at high tempera-tures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain thedesired mechanical properties or to comply with applicablecode requirem
4、ents. Supplementary requirements are providedfor use when additional testing or examination is desired.1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. 400mm in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to3 in. 75 mm inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may befurnished provided it co
5、mplies with all other requirements ofthis specification.1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed inTable 1.1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performedin the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radio-graphical
6、ly examined, and whether the pipe has been pressuretested as listed in 1.3.3.1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):Class Heat Treatment on PipeRadiography,see SectionPressure Test,see Section10 none none none11 none 9 none12 none 98.313 none none 8.320 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none none
7、21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.323 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.330 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.333 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.340 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none41 normalized an
8、d tempered, see 5.3.3 9 noneClass Heat Treatment on PipeRadiography,see SectionPressure Test,see Section42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.343 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.350 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none52 quenched and temp
9、ered, see 5.3.4 9 8.353 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3NOTE 1Selection of materials should be made with attention totemperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A20/A20M maybe consulted.1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature areprovided, calling for additional test
10、s and control of repairwelding, when desired.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used in
11、dependently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A20/A20M Specification for General Requ
12、irements forSteel Plates for Pressure VesselsA204/A204M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Al-loy Steel, MolybdenumA299/A299M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Car-bon Steel, Manganese-SiliconA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA387/A387M Specifica
13、tion for Pressure Vessel Plates, Al-loy Steel, Chromium-MolybdenumA435/A435M Specification for Straight-Beam UltrasonicExamination of Steel Plates1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcom
14、mitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asA691 98(2007). DOI:10.1520/A0691_A0691M-09.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-ca
15、tion SA-691 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes
16、 section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA537/A537M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plat
17、es,Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon SteelE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section II, Material SpecificationsSection III, Nuclear Power Plant ComponentsSection VIII, Unfired Press
18、ure VesselsSection IX, Welding Qualifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 A lot shall consist of 200 ft 60 m or fraction thereofof pipe from the same heat of steel.3.1.1.1 The description of a lot may be further restricted byuse of Supplementary Requirement
19、S12.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion should include the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of the material (steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded),4.1.3 Specification number,4.1.4 Grade and class de
20、signations (see 1.3),4.1.5 Size (inside or outside diameter, nominal or minimumwall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or random),4.1.7 End finish,4.1.8 Purchase options, if any (see 5.2.3, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1),and4.1.9 Supplementary requirements, if any (refer to S1through S12).5. Materials and Manufac
21、ture5.1 MaterialsThe steel plate material shall conform to therequirements of the applicable plate specification for the pipegrade ordered as listed in Table 1.5.2 Welding:5.2.1 The joints shall be double-welded full-penetrationwelds made in accordance with procedures and by welders orwelding operat
22、ors qualified in accordance with the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.5.2.2 The welds shall be made either manually or automati-cally by an electric process involving the deposition of fillermetal.5.2.3 The welded joints shall have positive reinforcement atthe center of each side of t
23、he weld, but no more than18 in. 3mm. This reinforcement may be removed at the manufactur-ers option or by agreement between the manufacturer andpurchaser. The contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth,and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformlyinto the plate surface.5.2.4 When r
24、adiographic examination in accordance with9.1 is to be used, the weld reinforcement shall be governed bythe more restrictive provisions of UW-51 of Section VIII of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code instead of 5.2.3 of thisspecification.5.3 Heat TreatmentAll classes other than 10, 11, 12, and13
25、 shall be heat treated in a furnace controlled to 6 25 F 15C and equipped with a recording pyrometer so that heatingrecords are available. Heat treating after forming and weldingshall be to one of the following:5.3.1 Classes 20, 21, 22, and 23 pipe shall be uniformlyheated within the post-weld heat-
26、treatment temperature rangeindicated in Table 2 for a minimum of 1 h/in. 0.4 hr/cm ofthickness or for 1 h, whichever is greater.5.3.2 Classes 30, 31, 32, and 33 pipe shall be uniformlyheated to a temperature in the austenitizing range and notexceeding the maximum normalizing temperature indicated in
27、Table 2 and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.5.3.3 Classes 40, 41, 42, and 43 pipe shall be normalized inaccordance with 5.3.2. After normalizing, the pipe shall bereheated to the tempering temperature indicated in Table 2 as a4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (A
28、SME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 Plate MaterialsPipe Grade Type of SteelASTM Specification HB, maxANumber GradeCM-65 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M A 201CM-70 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M B 201CM-75 carbon-molybdenum
29、 steel A204/A204M C 201CMSH-70 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, normalized A537/A537M 1CMS-75 carbon-manganese-silicon steel A299/A299M . .CMSH-80 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, quenched and tempered A537/A537M 212 CR12 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 2 2011CR 1 % chromium,12 % molybdenu
30、m steel A387/A387M 12 201114 CR 114 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 11 201214 CR 214 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 22 2013CR 3 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 21 2015CR 5 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 5 2259CR 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A38
31、7/A387M 9 24191 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum, vanadium, columbium A387/A387M 91 241AHardness values listed are applicable to S3.A691/A691M 092minimum and held at temperature for a minimum of12 h/in.0.2 hr/cm of thickness or for12 h, whichever is greater, andair cooled.5.3.4 Classes 50, 51, 52, and 5
32、3 pipe shall be uniformlyheated to a temperature in the austenitizing range, and notexceeding the maximum quenching temperature indicated inTable 2 and subsequently quenched in water or oil. Afterquenching, the pipe shall be reheated to the tempering tem-perature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum an
33、d held at thattemperature for a minimum of12 h/in. 0.2 hr/cm of thicknessor for12 h, whichever is greater, and air cooled.5.4 Grade 91 shall be produced only to classes 4X and 5X.In addition, post-weld heat treatment is required after weldrepair.6. General Requirements6.1 Material furnished to this
34、specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A530/A530M, unless otherwise provided herein.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Product Analysis of PlateThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of each mill heat of plate material. Theproduct analysis so
35、 determined shall meet the requirements ofthe plate specification to which the material was ordered.7.2 Product Analysis of WeldThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of finished deposited weld metal from each200 ft 60 m or fraction thereof. Analysis shall conform to thewelding procedure for de
36、posited weld metal.7.3 Analysis may be taken from the mechanical test speci-mens. The results of the analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser.7.4 If the analysis of one of these tests specified in 7.1 or 7.2does not conform to the requirements specified, analyses shallbe made on additional pipes o
37、f double the original numberfrom the same lot, each of which shall conform to therequirements specified. Nonconforming pipe shall be rejected.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsTransverse tensile properties of thewelded joint shall meet the minimum requirements for ultimate
38、tensile strength of the specified plate material.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be made torepresent each lot of finished pipe.8.1.3 Test Specimen Location and OrientationThe testspecimen shall be made transverse to the weld at the end of thefinished pipe and may be flattened cold befor
39、e final machiningto size.8.1.4 Test MethodThe test specimen shall be made inaccordance with QW-150 in Section IX of the ASME Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code. The test specimen shall be tested atroom temperature in accordance with Test Methods and Defi-nitions A370.8.2 Transverse-Guided-Weld-Bend Test
40、s:8.2.1 RequirementsThe bend test shall be acceptable if nocracks or other defects exceeding18 in. 3 mm in any directionbe present in the weld metal or between the weld and the pipemetal after bending. Cracks that originate along the edges ofthe specimens during testing, and that are less than14 in.
41、 6mm in any direction shall not be considered.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test (two specimens) shall bemade to represent each lot of finished pipe.8.2.3 Test Specimen Location and OrientationTwo bendtest specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld at the endof the finished pipe. As an alternative,
42、by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer, the test specimens may betaken from a test plate of the same material as the pipe, the testplate being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as aprolongation of the pipe longitudinal weld seam.8.2.4 Test MethodBend tests shall be made
43、in accordancewith Test Methods and Definitions A370, A 2.5.1.7. For wallthicknesses over38 in. 10 mm but less than34 in. 19 mmside-bend tests may be made instead of the face and root-bendTABLE 2 Heat Treatment ParametersAPipe GradeASTMSpecificationPost-Weld Heat-TreatTemperature Range (StressRelievi
44、ng), F (C)NormalizingTemperature,max unlessotherwise noted,F (C)QuenchingTemperature,max unlessotherwise noted,F (C)Tempering Temperature,min, F (C)CM-65 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CM-70 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CM-75 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200
45、590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CMSH-70 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CMS-75 A299/A299M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CMSH-80 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650B1700 925 1100 to 1250 590 to 67512 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1300 590 to 705 1850 1010 1700 925 1150 to 1
46、375 620 to 7451CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1350 590 to 730 1850 1010 1700 925 1150 to 1375 620 to 745114 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1375 590 to 745 1850 1010 1700 925 1150 to 1375 620 to 745214 CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 650 to 760 1850 1010 1700 925 1250 to 1400 675 to 7603CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 650 to 76
47、0 1850 1010 1700 925 1250 to 1400 675 to 7605CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 650 to 760 1850 1010 1650 900 1300 to 1400 705 to 7609CR A387/A387M 1325 to 1375 715 to 745C. . . 1325 to 1375 715 to 74591 A387/A387M 1350 to 1420 730 to 770 1900 to 2000 1040to 10951900 min 1040min1350 to 1440 730 to 780AWhere
48、 ellipses (.) appear in the table, there is no requirement.BRequires quenching and tempering.C9 CR steel is an air-hardenable steel, at times retaining austenite down to near atmospheric temperature. Good practice is to allow the steel to cool to 150F or lowerbefore subjecting the steel to a temperi
49、ng treatment or post-weld heat treatment.A691/A691M 093tests. For wall thicknesses34 in. 19 mm and over bothspecimens shall be subjected to the side-bend test.8.3 Pressure TestClasses X2 and X3, pipe shall be testedin accordance with Section 20 of Specification A530/A530M.9. Radiographic Examination9.1 The full length of each weld of classes X1 and X2 shallbe radiographically examined in accordance with requirementsof t
