1、Designation: A691/A691M 091Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded forHigh-Pressure Service at High Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A691/A691M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected reference in 8.3 in February 2014.1. Scope*1.1 This specifi
3、cation2covers carbon and alloy steel pipe,electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated frompressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strengthlevels and suitable for high-pressure service at high tempera-tures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain thedesired m
4、echanical properties or to comply with applicablecode requirements. Supplementary requirements are providedfor use when additional testing or examination is desired.1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. 400mm in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to3 in. 75 mm inclusiv
5、e. Pipe having other dimensions may befurnished provided it complies with all other requirements ofthis specification.1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed inTable 1.1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performedin th
6、e manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radio-graphically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressuretested as listed in 1.3.3.1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):Class Heat Treatment on PipeRadiography,see SectionPressure Test,see Section10 none none none11 none 9 none12 no
7、ne 98.313 none none 8.320 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none none21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.323 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.330 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.333 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.34
8、0 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none41 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 none42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.343 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.350 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none52 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.
9、4 9 8.353 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3NOTE 1Selection of materials should be made with attention totemperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A20/A20M maybe consulted.1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature areprovided, calling for additional tests and control
10、of repairwelding, when desired.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of
11、 the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and
12、 Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A691 98(2007).DOI: 10.1520/A0691_A0691M-09E01.2For ASME Boiler
13、 and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-691 in Section II of that Code.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Docume
14、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:3A20/A20M Specification for General Requirements for SteelPlates for Pressure VesselsA204/A204M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,AlloySteel, MolybdenumA299/A299M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Car-bon Steel, Manganese-SiliconA370 Test Methods and Definitions
15、for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA387/A387M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,AlloySteel, Chromium-MolybdenumA435/A435M Specification for Straight-Beam UltrasonicExamination of Steel PlatesA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA537/A
16、537M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon SteelE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section II, Material SpecificationsSection III, Nuclear Power
17、 Plant ComponentsSection VIII, Unfired Pressure VesselsSection IX, Welding Qualifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 A lot shall consist of 200 ft 60 m or fraction thereofof pipe from the same heat of steel.3.1.1.1 The description of a lot may be further re
18、stricted byuse of Supplementary Requirement S12.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion should include the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of the material (steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded),4.1.3 S
19、pecification number,4.1.4 Grade and class designations (see 1.3),4.1.5 Size (inside or outside diameter, nominal or minimumwall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or random),4.1.7 End finish,4.1.8 Purchase options, if any (see 5.2.3, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1),and4.1.9 Supplementary requirements, if any (refe
20、r to S1through S12).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialsThe steel plate material shall conform to therequirements of the applicable plate specification for the pipegrade ordered as listed in Table 1.5.2 Welding:5.2.1 The joints shall be double-welded full-penetrationwelds made in accordance wit
21、h procedures and by welders orwelding operators qualified in accordance with the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.5.2.2 The welds shall be made either manually or automati-cally by an electric process involving the deposition of fillermetal.5.2.3 The welded joints shall have positive
22、reinforcement atthe center of each side of the weld, but no more than18 in. 3mm. This reinforcement may be removed at the manufactur-ers option or by agreement between the manufacturer andpurchaser. The contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth,and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and
23、uniformlyinto the plate surface.5.2.4 When radiographic examination in accordance with9.1 is to be used, the weld reinforcement shall be governed by3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
24、ds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 Plate MaterialsPipe Grade Type of SteelASTM Spe
25、cification HB, maxANumber GradeCM-65 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M A 201CM-70 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M B 201CM-75 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M C 201CMSH-70 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, normalized A537/A537M 1CMS-75 carbon-manganese-silicon steel A299/A299M . .CMSH-80 carbon-m
26、anganese-silicon steel, quenched and tempered A537/A537M 212 CR12 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 2 2011CR 1 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 12 201114 CR 114 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 11 201214 CR 214 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 22 2013CR 3 %
27、 chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 21 2015CR 5 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 5 2259CR 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 9 24191 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum, vanadium, columbium A387/A387M 91 241AHardness values listed are applicable to S3.A691/A691M 0912the more re
28、strictive provisions of UW-51 of Section VIII of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code instead of 5.2.3 of thisspecification.5.3 Heat TreatmentAll classes other than 10, 11, 12, and13 shall be heat treated in a furnace controlled to 6 25 F 15C and equipped with a recording pyrometer so that heatin
29、grecords are available. Heat treating after forming and weldingshall be to one of the following:5.3.1 Classes 20, 21, 22, and 23 pipe shall be uniformlyheated within the post-weld heat-treatment temperature rangeindicated in Table 2 for a minimum of 1 h/in. 0.4 hr/cm ofthickness or for 1 h, whicheve
30、r is greater.5.3.2 Classes 30, 31, 32, and 33 pipe shall be uniformlyheated to a temperature in the austenitizing range and notexceeding the maximum normalizing temperature indicated inTable 2 and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.5.3.3 Classes 40, 41, 42, and 43 pipe shall be normalize
31、d inaccordance with 5.3.2. After normalizing, the pipe shall bereheated to the tempering temperature indicated in Table 2 as aminimum and held at temperature for a minimum of12 h/in.0.2 hr/cm of thickness or for12 h, whichever is greater, andair cooled.5.3.4 Classes 50, 51, 52, and 53 pipe shall be
32、uniformlyheated to a temperature in the austenitizing range, and notexceeding the maximum quenching temperature indicated inTable 2 and subsequently quenched in water or oil. Afterquenching, the pipe shall be reheated to the tempering tem-perature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum and held at thatte
33、mperature for a minimum of12 h/in. 0.2 hr/cm of thicknessor for12 h, whichever is greater, and air cooled.5.4 Grade 91 shall be produced only to classes 4X and 5X.In addition, post-weld heat treatment is required after weldrepair.6. General Requirements6.1 Material furnished to this specification sh
34、all conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A530/A530M, unless otherwise provided herein.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Product Analysis of PlateThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of each mill heat of plate material. Theproduct analysis so determined shal
35、l meet the requirements ofthe plate specification to which the material was ordered.7.2 Product Analysis of WeldThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of finished deposited weld metal from each200 ft 60 m or fraction thereof. Analysis shall conform to thewelding procedure for deposited weld met
36、al.7.3 Analysis may be taken from the mechanical test speci-mens. The results of the analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser.7.4 If the analysis of one of these tests specified in 7.1 or 7.2does not conform to the requirements specified, analyses shallbe made on additional pipes of double the ori
37、ginal numberfrom the same lot, each of which shall conform to therequirements specified. Nonconforming pipe shall be rejected.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsTransverse tensile properties of thewelded joint shall meet the minimum requirements for ultimatetensile strength
38、 of the specified plate material.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be made torepresent each lot of finished pipe.8.1.3 Test Specimen Location and OrientationThe testspecimen shall be made transverse to the weld at the end of thefinished pipe and may be flattened cold before final machinin
39、gto size.TABLE 2 Heat Treatment ParametersAPipe GradeASTMSpecificationPost-Weld Heat-TreatTemperature Range (StressRelieving), F (C)NormalizingTemperature,max unlessotherwise noted,F (C)QuenchingTemperature,max unlessotherwise noted,F (C)Tempering Temperature,min, F (C)CM-65 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200
40、590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CM-70 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CM-75 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CMSH-70 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CMS-75 A299/A299M 1100 to 1200 590 to 650 1700 925 . . . . . .CMSH-80 A537/A537M 110
41、0 to 1200 590 to 650B1700 925 1100 to 1250 590 to 67512 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1300 590 to 705 1850 1010 1700 925 1150 to 1375 620 to 7451CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1350 590 to 730 1850 1010 1700 925 1150 to 1375 620 to 745114 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1375 590 to 745 1850 1010 1700 925 1150 to 1375 620 to 74
42、5214 CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 650 to 760 1850 1010 1700 925 1250 to 1400 675 to 7603CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 650 to 760 1850 1010 1700 925 1250 to 1400 675 to 7605CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 650 to 760 1850 1010 1650 900 1300 to 1400 705 to 7609CR A387/A387M 1325 to 1375 715 to 745C. . . 1325 to
43、1375 715 to 74591 A387/A387M 1350 to 1420 730 to 770 1900 to 2000 1040to 10951900 min 1040min1350 to 1440 730 to 780AWhere ellipses (.) appear in the table, there is no requirement.BRequires quenching and tempering.C9 CR steel is an air-hardenable steel, at times retaining austenite down to near atm
44、ospheric temperature. Good practice is to allow the steel to cool to 150F or lowerbefore subjecting the steel to a tempering treatment or post-weld heat treatment.A691/A691M 09138.1.4 Test MethodThe test specimen shall be made inaccordance with QW-150 in Section IX of the ASME Boilerand Pressure Ves
45、sel Code. The test specimen shall be tested atroom temperature in accordance with Test Methods and Defi-nitions A370.8.2 Transverse-Guided-Weld-Bend Tests:8.2.1 RequirementsThe bend test shall be acceptable if nocracks or other defects exceeding18 in. 3 mm in any directionbe present in the weld meta
46、l or between the weld and the pipemetal after bending. Cracks that originate along the edges ofthe specimens during testing, and that are less than14 in. 6mm in any direction shall not be considered.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test (two specimens) shall bemade to represent each lot of finished pipe.8.2
47、.3 Test Specimen Location and OrientationTwo bendtest specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld at the endof the finished pipe. As an alternative, by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer, the test specimens may betaken from a test plate of the same material as the pipe, the test
48、plate being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as aprolongation of the pipe longitudinal weld seam.8.2.4 Test MethodBend tests shall be made in accordancewith Test Methods and Definitions A370, A 2.5.1.7. For wallthicknesses over38 in. 10 mm but less than34 in. 19 mmside-bend tests may b
49、e made instead of the face and root-bendtests. For wall thicknesses34 in. 19 mm and over bothspecimens shall be subjected to the side-bend test.8.3 Pressure TestClasses X2 and X3, pipe shall be testedin accordance with Specification A530/A530M, HydrostaticTest Requirements.9. Radiographic Examination9.1 The full length of each weld of classes X1 and X2 shallbe radiographically examined in accordance with requiremen
