1、Designation: A709/A709M 11Standard Specification forStructural Steel for Bridges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A709/A709M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon and high-strength low-alloy steel structural shapes, plates, and bars and quenched andtempered alloy steel for
3、 structural plates intended for use inbridges. Seven grades are available in four yield strength levelsas follows:Grade U.S. SI Yield Strength, ksi MPa36 250 36 25050 345 50 34550S 345S 50 34550W 345W 50 345HPS 50W HPS 345W 50 345HPS 70W HPS 485W 70 485HPS 100W HPS 690W 100 6901.1.1 Grades 36 250, 5
4、0 345, 50S 345S, and 50W345W are also included in Specifications A36/A36M, A572/A572M, A992/A992M, and A588/A588M, respectively. Whenthe supplementary requirements of this specification are speci-fied, they exceed the requirements of Specifications A36/A36M, A572/A572M, A992/A992M, and A588/A588M.1.
5、1.2 Grades 50W 345W, HPS 50W HPS 345W, HPS70W HPS 485W, and HPS 100W HPS 690W have en-hanced atmospheric corrosion resistance (see 13.1.2). Productavailability is shown in Table 1.1.2 Grade HPS 70W HPS 485W or HPS 100W HPS690W shall not be substituted for Grades 36 250, 50 345,50S 345S, 50W 345W, or
6、 HPS 50W HPS 345W. Grade50W 345W, or HPS 50W HPS 345W shall not be substi-tuted for Grades 36 250, 50 345 or 50S 345S withoutagreement between the purchaser and the supplier.1.3 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that awelding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intendeduse
7、or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specifica-tion A6/A6M for information on weldability.1.4 For structural products to be used as tension componentsrequiring notch toughness testing, standardized requirementsare provided in this standard, and they are based uponAmerican Association of S
8、tate Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO) requirements for both fracture critical andnon-fracture critical members.1.5 Supplementary requirements are available but shallapply only if specified in the purchase order.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarde
9、d separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 For structural products produced from coil and fur-nished wi
10、thout heat treatment or with stress relieving only, theadditional requirements, including additional testing require-ments and the reporting of additional test results, of Specifi-cation A6/A6M apply.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for RolledS
11、tructural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingA36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA572/A572M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloyColumbium-Vanadium Structural SteelA588/A588M Specification for High-St
12、rength Low-AlloyStructural Steel, up to 50 ksi 345 MPa Minimum YieldPoint, with Atmospheric Corrosion ResistanceA673/A673M Specification for Sampling Procedure forImpact Testing of Structural SteelA992/A992M Specification for Structural Steel ShapesG101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion
13、Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 fracture critical membera main load-carrying ten-sion member or tension component of a bending member1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and R
14、elated Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A709/A709M 10.DOI: 10.1520/A0709_A0
15、709M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
16、this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.whose failure would be expected to cause collapse of astructure or bridge without multiple, redundant load paths.3.1.2 main load-carrying membera steel member de-signed to
17、carry primary design loads, including dead, live,impact, and other loads.3.1.3 non-fracture critical membera main load-carryingmember whose failure would not be expected to cause collapseof a structure or bridge with multiple, redundant load paths.3.1.4 non-tension componenta steel member that is no
18、t intension under any design loading.3.1.5 secondary membera steel member used for aligningand bracing of main load-carrying members, or for attachingutilities, signs, or other items to them, but not to directlysupport primary design loadsTABLE 1 Tensile and Hardness RequirementsANOTE 1Where “. . .”
19、 appears in this table, there is no requirement.GradePlate Thickness,in. mmStructural Shape Flangeor LegThickness, in. mmYield Pointor YieldStrength,BksiMPaTensileStrength,ksi MPaMinimum Elongation, %Reduc-tion ofAreaC,Dmin, %Plates and BarsC,EShapesE8in.or 200mm2in.or 50mm8in.or 200mm2in.or 50mm36
20、250 to 4 100, incl to 3 in. 75 mm, incl 36 250 min 5880 400550 20 23 20 21 .over 3 in. 75 mm 36 250 min 58 400 min . 20 19 .50 345 to 4 100, incl all 50 345 min 65 450 min 18 21 18 21F.50S 345SGall 5065345450HI65 450Hmin . . 18 21.50W 345W andHPS 50WHPS 345Wto 4 100, incl all 50 345 min 70 485 min 1
21、8 21 18 21J.HPS 70WHPS 485 Wto 4 100, inclG70 485 minB85110 585760 . 19K. .HPS 100WHPS 690Wto 212 65, inclG100 690 minB110130 760895 . 18K. .Lover 212 to 465 to 100, inclMG90 620 minB100130 690895 . 16K. .LASee specimen orientation and preparation subsection in the Tension Tests section of Specifica
22、tion A6/A6M.BMeasured at 0.2 % offset or 0.5 % extension under load as described in Section 13 of Test Methods A370.CElongation and reduction of area not required to be determined for floor plates.DFor plates wider than 24 in. 600 mm, the reduction of area requirement, where applicable, is reduced b
23、y five percentage points.EFor plates wider than 24 in. 600 mm, the elongation requirement is reduced by two percentage points. See elongation requirement adjustments in the Tension Testssection of Specification A6/A6M.FElongation in 2 in. or 50 mm: 19 % for shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. 75
24、 mm.GNot applicable.HThe yield to tensile ratio shall be 0.87 or less for shapes that are tested from the web location; for all other shapes, the requirement is 0.85.IA maximum yield strength of 70 ksi 480 MPa is permitted for structural shapes that are required to be tested from the web location.JF
25、or wide flange shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. 75 mm, elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm of 18 % minimum applies.KIf measured on the Fig. 3 (Test Methods A370)112-in. 40mm wide specimen, the elongation is determined in a 2-in. or 50-mm gage length that includes the fractureand shows the greatest e
26、longation.L40 % minimum applies if measured on the Fig 3 (Test Methods A370)112-in. 40-mm wide specimen; 50 % minimum applies if measured on the Fig. 4 (Test MethodsA370)12-in. 12.5-mm round specimen.MNot applicable to Fracture Critical Tension Components (see Table 9).TABLE 2 Grade 36 250 Chemical
27、Requirements (Heat Analysis)NOTE 1Where “. . .” appears in this table there is no requirement. The heat analysis for manganese shall be determined and reported as describedin the Heat Analysis section of Specification A6/A6M.ProductThickness,in. (mm)ShapesAAllPlatesBBarsBTo3420, inclOver34to 112 20t
28、o40,inclOver 112 to212 40to65,inclOver 212 to 465 to 100,inclTo3420,inclOver34 to112 20 to40, inclOver 112 to4 100, inclCarbon, max, % 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.28Manganese, % . . 0.801.20 0.801.20 0.851.20 . 0.600.90 0.600.90Phosphorus, max, % 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04Sulfu
29、r, max, % 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05Silicon, % 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.150.40 0.150.40 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 maxCopper, min, % whencopper steel is specified0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20AManganese content of 0.85 to 1.35 % and silicon content of 0.15 to 0.40 % is required
30、 for shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. 75 mm.BFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximumof 1.35 %.A709/A709M 1123.1.6 tension componenta part or element of a fracturecritical or
31、non-fracture critical member that is in tension undervarious design loadings.TABLE 3 Grade 50 345 Chemical RequirementsA(Heat Analysis)SiliconCColumbium,Vanadiumand NitrogenMaximum Diameter,Thickness, orDistance BetweenParallel Faces, in. mmCarbon,max, %Manganese,Bmax, %Phosphorus,max, %Sulfur,max,
32、%Plates to112-in. 40-mmThick,Shapes withflangeor legthicknessto 3 in. 75mminclusive, SheetPiling, Bars,Zees, andRolledTees,max, %DPlates Over112-in. 40-mmThick and Shapeswith flange thicknessover 3 in. 75 mm, %4 100 0.23 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.40 0.150.40EACopper when specified shall have a minimum conten
33、t of 0.20 % by heat analysis (0.18 % by product analysis).BManganese, minimum by heat analysis of 0.80 % (0.75 % by product analysis) shall be required for all plates over38 in. 10 mm in thickness; a minimum of 0.50% (0.45 % by product analysis) shall be required for plates38 in. 10 mm and less in t
34、hickness, and for all other products. The manganese to carbon ratio shall notbe less than 2 to 1. For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 percentage point manganese above thespecified maximum is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.60 %.CSilicon
35、 content in excess of 0.40 % by heat analysis must be negotiated.DBars over 112 in. 40 mm in diameter, thickness, or distance between parallel faces, shall be made by a killed steel practice.EAlloy content shall be in accordance with Type 1, 2, 3, or 5 and the contents of the applicable elements sha
36、ll be reported on the test report.Type Elements Heat Analysis, %1 ColumbiumA0.0050.05B2 Vanadium 0.010.153 ColumbiumAVanadiumColumbium plus vanadium0.0050.05B0.010.150.020.15C5 TitaniumNitrogenVanadium0.0060.040.0030.0150.06 maxAColumbium shall be restricted to Grade 50 345 plate, bar, zee, and roll
37、ed tee thickness of34 in. 20 mm max, and to shapes with flange or leg thickness to 112 in.40 mm inclusive unless killed steel is furnished. Killed steel shall be confirmed by a statement of killed steel on the test report, or by a report of the presence of a sufficientquantity of a strong deoxidizin
38、g element, such as silicon at 0.10 % or higher, or aluminum at 0.015 % or higher.BProduct analysis limits = 0.004 to 0.06 %.CProduct analysis limits = 0.01 to 0.16 %.TABLE 4 Grade 50W 345 W Chemical Requirements (HeatAnalysis)NOTE 1Types A and B are equivalent to Specification A588/A588M,Grades A an
39、d B, respectively.ElementComposition, %AType A Type BCarbonB0.19 max 0.20 maxManganeseB0.801.25 0.751.35Phosphorus 0.04 max 0.04 maxSulfur 0.05 max 0.05 maxSilicon 0.300.65 0.150.50Nickel 0.40 max 0.50 maxChromium 0.400.65 0.400.70Copper 0.250.40 0.200.40Vanadium 0.020.10 0.010.10AWeldability data f
40、or these types have been qualified by FHWA for use in bridgeconstruction.BFor each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum forcarbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the specified maximum formanganese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50 %.TABLE 5 Grades HPS 50W HP
41、S 345W and HPS 70WHPS 485 W, and HPS 100W HPS 690W Chemical Requirements(Heat Analysis)NOTE 1Where “. . .” appears in this table, there is no requirement.ElementComposition, %GradesHPS 50W HPS 345W,HPS 70W HPS 485WGradeHPS 100W HPS 690WCarbon 0.11 max 0.08 maxManganese2.5 in. 65 mm and under 1.101.3
42、5 0.951.50Over 2.5 in. 65 mm 1.101.50 0.951.50Phosphorus 0.020 max 0.015 maxSulfurA0.006 max 0.006 maxSilicon 0.300.50 0.150.35Copper 0.250.40 0.901.20Nickel 0.250.40 0.650.90Chromium 0.450.70 0.400.65Molybdenum 0.020.08 0.400.65Vanadium 0.040.08 0.040.08Columbium (Niobium) . . . 0.010.03Aluminum 0.
43、0100.040 0.0200.050Nitrogen 0.015 max 0.015 maxAThe steel shall be calcium treated for sulfide shape control.A709/A709M 1134. Ordering Requirements4.1 In addition to the items listed in the ordering informa-tion section of Specification A6/A6M, the following itemsshould be considered if applicable:4
44、.1.1 Type of component (tension or non-tension, fracturecritical or non-fracture critical) (see Section 10).4.2 Impact testing temperature zone (see Table 7).5. General Requirements for Delivery5.1 Structural products furnished under this specificationshall conform to the requirements of the current
45、 edition ofSpecification A6/A6M, for the specific structural productordered, unless a conflict exists in which case this specificationshall prevail.5.2 Coils are excluded from qualification to this specifica-tion until they are processed into a finished structural product.Structural products produce
46、d from coil means structural prod-ucts that have been cut to individual lengths from a coil. Theprocessor directly controls, or is responsible for, the operationsinvolved in the processing of a coil into a finished structuralproduct. Such operations include decoiling, leveling orstraightening, hot-f
47、orming or cold-forming (if applicable),cutting to length, testing, inspection, conditioning, heat treat-ment (if applicable), packaging, marking, loading for shipment,and certification.NOTE 1For structural products produced from coil and furnishedwithout heat treatment or with stress relieving only,
48、 two test results are tobe reported for each qualifying coil. Additional requirements regardingstructural products produced from coil are described in SpecificationA6/A6M.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 For Grades 36 250 and 50 345, the steel shall besemi-killed or killed.6.2 For Grades 50W 345W, HPS 50W HPS 345W, andHPS 70W HPS 485W, the steel shall be made to fine grainpractice.6.3 For Grade 50S 345S, the steel shall be killed and suchshall be affirmed in the test report by a statement of killed steel,a value of 0.10 % or more for the silicon content, or a
