1、Designation: A727/A727M 11Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with InherentNotch Toughness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A727/A727M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers forged carbon steel pipingcomponents intended primarily for service in pr
3、essure pipingsystems from 20 to +650 F 30 to +345 C where inherentnotch toughness is desired, but where notch toughness testingis not required. Included are forged or ring-rolled flanges,forged fittings, and valves made to specified dimensions, or todimensional standards such as the ASME and API spe
4、cifica-tions referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with maximumfinished section thicknesses no larger than 2 in. 51 mm.1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to deter-mine whether material meeting the requirements of this speci-fication is satisfactory fo
5、r the service application.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified by the purchaser in the order.NOTE 1There are no provisions for impact testing in this specifica-tion. When impact testing is required,
6、refer to SpecificationA350/A350M.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or i
7、nch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conforman
8、ce with thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed inSpecification A961/A961M, the following list of standardsapply to this specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-AlloySteel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing
9、 forPiping ComponentsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsE59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition42.3 ASM
10、E Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:5Section II, Material Specifications, Part CSFA 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding ElectrodesB 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsB 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-rous ValvesB 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding andThreade
11、dB 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions2.4 API Standards:6600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refin-ery Use605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel
12、,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved
13、 in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A727/A727M10.DOI: 10.1520/A0727_A0727M-11.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-727 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
14、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers
15、 (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005-4070, http:/api-ec.api.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright AST
16、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.5 MSS Standard:7MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,Flanges, and Unions3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform t
17、othe requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica-tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of th
18、isspecification and SpecificationA961/A961M, this specificationshall prevail.3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include butare not limited to the following:3.2.1 Addit
19、ional requirements (see 15.1 and 15.2).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the followingprocesses: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace, andshall be fully killed, fine-grain practice.4.2 Forgings shall be manufactured from ingots, blooms,billets, slabs
20、, or bars. These items shall be forged, rolled, orstrandcast.4.3 A sufficient discard shall be made from the ingot tosecure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.4.4 The finished product shall be a forging as defined by theTerminology section of Specification A788/A788M.5. Heat Treatme
21、nt5.1 Following plastic working, the forging manufacturershall heat treat the forgings by normalizing, or normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering.5.1.1 NormalizingThe procedure for normalizing shallconsist of uniformly heating the forgings to a temperaturebetween 1550 and 1700 F 845 and
22、 925 C, holding asufficient time to attain uniform temperature throughout, andcooling in still air. The forging shall be at a temperature below1000 F 540 C before heating for normalizing.5.1.2 QuenchingThe procedure for quenching shall con-sist of uniformly heating the forging to a temperature betwe
23、en1550 and 1700 F 845 and 925 C, holding a sufficient timeto attain uniform temperature throughout, and quenching into asuitable liquid medium. The forging shall be at a temperaturebelow 1000 F 540 C before heating for quenching.5.1.3 TemperingThe procedure for tempering shall con-sist of reheating
24、the forging subsequent to normalizing orquenching to a temperature of at least 1100 F 595 C, but notabove the lower transformation temperature, for 30 min/in. 30min/25 mm of maximum section thickness, with minimumholding time at tempering temperature not less than 30 min.6. Chemical Composition6.1 T
25、he steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Tension Tests:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to require-ments for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
26、7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough orfinished production forging, or prolongation thereof, or it maybe obtained from separately forged test blanks from the sameheat of steel as the production forging. The test blank shall bereduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the
27、 productsrepresented, shall receive approximately the same hot workingand reduction, be of the same nominal thickness, and receivethe same heat treatment as the finished products represented.The test material shall be treated in the same furnace at thesame time as the forging it represents, subject
28、to the require-ments of 7.1.2.1.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne tension test at room tempera-ture shall be made for each nominal wall thickness 614 in.6 6 mm from each heat in each heat treatment charge.7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuousor a batch-type furnace controlled within 6
29、 25 F 6 14 C ofthe required heat-treatment temperature, and equipped with7Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %CarbonHeat Analysis 0.25
30、 maxProduct Analysis 0.28 maxManganeseHeat Analysis 0.90 to 1.35Product Analysis 0.84 to 1.41PhosphorusHeat Analysis 0.035 maxProduct Analysis 0.043 maxSulfurHeat Analysis 0.025 maxProduct Analysis 0.033 maxSiliconHeat Analysis 0.15 to 0.30Product Analysis 0.13 to 0.32NickelHeat Analysis 0.40AProduc
31、t Analysis 0.43ChromiumHeat Analysis 0.30A,BProduct Analysis 0.34MolybdenumHeat Analysis 0.12A,BProduct Analysis 0.13CopperHeat Analysis 0.40AProduct Analysis 0.43Columbium (Nb)Heat Analysis 0.02Product Analysis 0.03VanadiumHeat Analysis 0.05Product Analysis 0.055AThe sum of copper, nickel, chromium
32、 and molybdenum shall not exceed1.00 % on heat analysis.BThe sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heatanalysis.A727/A727M 112recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-ment are available and if the same heat treating cycles are usedon the forgings represented by
33、 the tension test, then one tensiontest per nominal wall thickness 614 in. 6 6 mm from eachheat shall be required, instead of one tension test per nominalwall thickness from each heat in each heat-treatment charge.7.1.3 Test Locations and OrientationsThe test specimenshall be removed from the midwal
34、l of the heaviest section ofthe forging or test blank.7.1.3.1 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axislocated parallel to the direction of major working of the forgingor test blank, except for flanges and rings the test specimenshall be in the tangential direction.7.1.4 Test MethodTesting
35、shall be performed as specifiedin Specification A961/A961M using the largest feasible of theround specimens.7.2 Hardness Test:7.2.1 RequirementsIf the production forgings are liquid-quenched and tempered, hardness of the forgings shall notexceed 187 HBW after heat treatment. The purchaser mayverify
36、that the requirement has been met by testing at anylocation on the forgings provided such testing does not renderthe forgings useless.8. Heat Analysis8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made fromsamples taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. Theresults shall conform to Table 1.9
37、. Product Analysis9.1 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser onsamples taken in accordance with Practice E59. The resultsshall conform to Table 1.10. Hydrostatic Test10.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall becapable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the ratingo
38、f the finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted by theforging manufacturer only when Supplementary RequirementS8 in Specification A961/A961M is specified.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 If the results of mechanical tests do not conform to therequirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat t
39、reat theforgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable require-ments.11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirementsshall be acceptable.12. Repair by Welding12.1 Repair of defects by welding shall be permitted at thediscretion of the forging manufacturer.12.2 Repair by welding s
40、hall be made using welding pro-cedures and welders qualified in accordance with Section IX oftheASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. When forgings areheat treated after repair welding, the qualification test platesshall be subjected to the same heat treatment. The mechanicalproperties of the qualif
41、ication test plates shall conform toSection 7.12.3 Only electrode classifications with the -A1 designatorshall be used (for example, E71T1-A1). SMAW, GMAW,FCAW or GTAW may be used. The GMAW process is limitedto either the spray transfer or pulsed arc process. The FCAWprocess is limited to repair of
42、carbon or carbon-molybdenumbase materials only. Electrodes shall conform to the applicableAWS A5 electrode specification.12.4 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normalizedand tempered, or the quenched and tempered conditions shallbe stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100 F 595 Cminimum,
43、 but not higher than the temperature previously usedfor tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall bereheat treated in accordance with Section 5.13. Inspection13.1 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place ofmanufacture, unless otherwise agreed, except for productanalysis (see
44、 9.1).14. Rejection and Rehearing14.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects duringshop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-facturer notified.15. Certification15.1 For forgings made to specified dimensions, whenagreed to by the purchaser, and for forgings made to dimen-sional
45、 standards, application of identification marks as requiredin Section 16 shall be the certification that the forgings havebeen furnished in accordance with the requirements of thisspecification.15.2 When test reports are required, they shall includecertification that all requirements of this specifi
46、cation havebeen met. The reports shall show the results of all requiredtests, the heat number or manufacturers heat identification, adescription of the heat treatment used, and shall be traceable tothe forging represented. The specification designation includedon test reports shall include year of i
47、ssue and revision letter, ifany.16. Product Marking16.1 Identification marks consisting of the specificationdesignation, manufacturers name or symbol, (Note 2) the heatnumber or manufacturers heat identification, size, and servicerating, if applicable, shall be permanently placed on eachforging in a
48、 position that will not affect the usefulness of theforging. When size does not permit complete marking, identi-fication marks may be omitted in the sequence specified inSP-25, except that the word “steel” shall not be substituted forthe specification designation. The specification number markedon t
49、he forgings need not include specification year of issue andrevision letter.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsTensile strength, ksi MPa 60.0 to 85.0 415 to 585Yield strength, min, ksi MPaA36.0 250Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 22Reduction of area, min, % 30ADetermined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load method.A727/A727M 113NOTE 2For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer isconsidered the organization that certifies the piping component wasmanufactured, sampled,
